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Updated global compilation of coccolithophore calcification measurements from unperturbed water samples including ancillary data

This database expands the Poulton et al., 2018 (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.888182) database of pelagic calcium carbonate (CP) rate measurements from isotopic tracer uptake in incubated discrete water samples, as discussed in Daniels et al., 2018 (doi:10.5194/essd-10-1859-2018), and accompanies Marsh et al. (in prep.). The database now includes more CP (new data n = 400; complete database n = 3165), net primary production rate (PP) (new data n = 399; complete database n = 3150), total coccolithophore cell counts (new data n = 240; complete database n = 1512), and Emiliania huxleyi cell counts (new data n = 27; complete database n = 612). This expanded database maintains the record of data, including the principal investigator, expedition, OS region, doi reference (where available), collection date and year, sample ID, latitude, longitude, sampling and light depth, and method of measuring CP. We further expand the Poulton et al. (2018) data collection by including ancillary and environmental data, including: optical depth (OD, n = 3165), pHtotal (hereinafter referred to as pHT, n = 398), temperature (n = 1160), salinity (n = 1161), and the concentrations of chlorophyll a (n = 1363), NOx (NO3 or the sum of NO3 + NO2, n = 1161), silicic acid (Si(OH)4, n= 1156), phosphate (PO4, n = 1232), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, n = 318), total alkalinity (TA, n = 307), bicarbonate ion concentration (n = 349), and carbonate ion concentration (n = 352). All data was matched to CP, sample bottle identifiers (Niskin bottle numbers), and/or sampling depth values. This global database (81 °N - 64 °S, 132 °E - 174 °W) now covers expeditions and upper ocean measurements (0 - 193 m) from 1989 to 2024. Global in-situ geolocated data spanning time is valuable for modelling, satellite algorithms, and capturing calcium carbonate production in the global ocean. This expanded database, including the environmental, nutrient, chlorophyll a, and carbonate chemistry data, also allows for analysis of factors influencing calcium carbonate production on a global scale. This data amalgamation contributes to understanding the biogeochemistry of the oceans, global carbon cycle, and ocean acidification.

FerryBox-integrated membrane-based pCO2, temperature, salinity, oxygen, chlorophyll, turbidity and pH measurements of BU-C-2110 during RV Burchana cruise

The submitted data were collected with a FerryBox-Device on RV Burchana in the transitional and coastal waters of Lower Saxony, Germany. It contains data for temperature, salinity, pH, chlorophyll, oxygen, turbidity and carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) at a water depth of approximately 1.3 m. Within the Carbostore project, totally 8 measurement campaigns were carried out in the years 2021 to 2023. The data is reprocessed and related to a 60 s period. In order to obtain a complete (but rough) overview of the pCO2 situation in this area, values outside the calibration limits (200-1000 µatm) were retained. Dissolved oxygen measurements were corrected by temperature and salinity. The sensors are regularly calibrated, maintained and replaced if necessary. The files are named according to the project, the year and the month of the campaign.

Die Bedeutung von Pflanzenstreu für die Keimlingsetablierung von krautigen Arten aus Grünland- und Waldgesellschaften

Abgestorbene Pflanzenteile (Streu) stellen eine wichtige Komponente biogeochemischer Nährstoffzyklen dar. Die Abbaurate von Streu durch Mineralisationsprozesse ist eine Steuergröße für die Produktivität von Ökosystemen und die Zusammensetzung von Pflanzengemeinschaften. Abgesehen von diesen langfristigen Effekten auf Ökosystemprozesse übt die Akkumulation von Pflanzenstreu jedoch auch bedeutende kurzfristige Auswirkungen auf Pflanzengemeinschaften aus. Diese können direkter Natur sein, z.B. wenn Streu als physische Barriere für die Entfaltung und Etablierung von Keimlingen wirkt, oder sie können indirekt über Veränderung abiotischer Bedingungen wirken. Die Zusammensetzung lokaler Pflanzengemeinschaften wird durch eine Reihe von Filtern kontrolliert, die aus dem globalen Artenpool jene Arten durchlassen, die (i) einen spezifischen Wuchsort überhaupt erreichen, (ii) die lokalen Standortbedingungen tolerieren und (iii) erfolgreich Interaktionen mit anderen Organismen derselben oder anderer trophischer Ebenen eingehen. Verschiedene Studien haben die wichtige Bedeutung von Interaktionen nach dem Tode , die durch die Effekte von Streu auf Artenzusammensetzung und Diversität vermittelt werden, hingewiesen. Pflanzenstreu besitzt das Potential, Etablierung und Fitness von Pflanzen in unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsstadien zu beeinträchtigen. Dies geschieht durch Veränderung der chemischen (Nährstoffverfügbarkeit, Allelopathische Effekte) oder physikalischen Umwelt (Quantität und Qualität des Lichts, Temperaturamplitude, Bodenfeuchte unter einer Streudecke), durch mechanische Effekte (Streu als Barriere für das Wachstum von Keimlingen) oder durch die Beeinflussung biotischer Interaktionen, d.h. durch Auswirkungen von Streu auf Konkurrenz zwischen Pflanzenarten oder auf Herbivorie. In einer Reihe von Experimenten haben wir verschiedene Aspekte des potentiellen Effekts einer Streudecke auf die Etablierung von Keimlingen unterschiedlicher Arten von Grünland-, Wald und Steppenhabitaten untersucht (siehe Veröffentlichung).

Modeled environmental data-layers and changes predicted under RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 for the deep Atlantic Ocean

The data layers provided show current values for seawater temperature, pH, calcite and aragonite saturation (%), oxygen concentration, and particulate organic carbon (POC) flux to the seafloor at different depths (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000m) at the present day (1951-2000) and changes in these variables expected between 2041-2060 and 2081-2100 under different RCP scenarios. The data layers were generated following the methods described in Levin et al. (2020). In short, in 2019, we obtained the present day and future ocean projections for the different years which were compiled from all available data generated by Earth Systems Models as part of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Three Earth System Models, including GFDL‐ESM‐2G, IPSL‐CM5A‐MR, and MPI‐ESM‐MR were collected and multi-model averages of temperature, pH, O2 , export production at 100-m depth (epc100), carbonate ion concentration (co3), and carbonate ion concentration for seawater in equilibrium with aragonite (co3satarg) and calcite (co3satcalc) were calculated. The epc100 was converted to export POC flux at the seafloor using the Martin curve (Martin et al., 1987) following the equation: POC flux = export production*(depth/export depth)0.858. The export depth was set to 100 m, and the water depth using the ETOPO1 Global Relief Model (Amante and Eakins, 2008). Seafloor aragonite and calcite saturation were computed by dividing co3 by co3satarg and co3satcalc. All variableswere reported as the inter-annual mean projections between 1951-2000, 2041-2060, and 2081-2100. The data for calcite and aragonite saturation can be found in Morato et al. (2020).

Intensives Waldmonitoring ( IWM , Level II )

Das ICP-Forests-Programm agiert im Rahmen des UNECE-Übereinkommens über weiträumige grenzüberschreitende Luftverunreinigungen (Genfer Luftreinhaltekonvention, CLRTAP). Das Level-II-Monitoring ergänzt seit 1995 das Level-I-Monitoring. Hier werden Daten über Baumwachstum, Bodenvegetation, Bodenlösung, Bodenfestphase, nasse Deposition, Luftqualität, meteorologische Parameter, Phänologie, Streufall, Nadel- / Blattanalysen und sichtbare Ozonschäden erhoben, die umfänglich und hinsichtlich ihrer zeitlichen Auflösung weit über den Erhebungsrahmen des extensiven Waldmonitorings (Level I) hinausgehen. Die Daten werden in Deutschland auf ca. 50 - 90 Plots (Anzahl variiert je nach Parameter) erhoben. Verteilung Probenahmestandorte: Verteilung systematisch, so dass die Hauptwaldtypen Europas repräsentiert sind (kein Raster) Probenahmemethode: Die Probenahme für chemische Analysen erfolgt grundsätzlich nach Tiefenstufen. Satellitenbeprobung im Radius von 25 m mit einem inneren intensiver zu beprobenden Radius von 3 m. Für alle anderen Erhebungen ausführliche Angaben im ICP-Forests-Manual: https://www.icp-forests.net/monitoring-and-research/icp-forests-manual Entnahmetiefen: 0 bis 10 cm 20 bis 40 cm 40 bis 80 cm Untersuchungsmethode: Analysemethoden sind einheitlich festgelegt im ICP-Forests-Manual (s.o.). Untersuchungshäufigkeit: - bodenchemische Parameter alle 10 Jahre - Boden-Lösung fortlaufend - Blattnährstoffgehalte alle 2 Jahre - Baumdurchmesser und -höhen alle 5 Jahre - Boden-Vegetation mindestens alle 5 Jahre - atmosphärische Deposition fortlaufend - Bedingungen der Umgebungsluft fortlaufend - meteorologische Parameter fortlaufend - Phänologie mehrmals pro Jahr - Streufall fortlaufend - sichtbare Ozonschäden einmal pro Jahr - Kronenzustand jährlich Arbeitsgruppen / Gremien: - Expert Panel on soil and soils solution - Forest Soil Coordination Centre - Expert Panel on foliage and litterfall - Forest Foliar Coordinating Centre - Expert Panel on forest growth - Expert Panel on deposition - Working Group on ambient air quality - Expert Panel on crown condition - Ad hoc group on assessment of biotic damage causes - Expert panel on meteorology and phenology - Expert panel on biodiversity and ground vegetation - Quality Assurance Committee - Project Coordinating Group (PCG) - Scientific Advisory Group (SAG)

Microscale profiles of oxygen, pH and temperature through the sea surface microlayer in a mesocosm experiment during an algal bloom

The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the boundary layer on top of all oceans and is crucial for all exchange processes between the ocean and atmosphere. This less than 1 mm thick layer is heavily influenced by biological processes and events like algal blooms. To quantify the influence of an algal bloom in a controlled environment, we conducted a mesocosm study at the Sea sURface Facility (SURF) of the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany (53.5148 °N, 8.1463°E). SURF is an 8.5 m long, 2 m wide and 1 m deep water basin, which can directly be filled with seawater from the Jade Bay, North Sea. The facility is equipped with a retractable roof, pumps for water circulation and dedicated mounts for multiple sensor systems. The mesocosm experiment was conducted from 18 May to 16 June 2023 as part of the project BASS (Biogeochemical processes and Air-sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer). SURF was filled with seawater a few days before the start of the experiment (water depth 0.7 m). The water was then filtered and the surface skimmed to remove initial pollution. To prevent particle and microbial sedimentation during the experiment, the pumps operated at low speed to maintain gentle mixing of the water column. The roof of SURF was closed during the night, while it was open during the day except when it rained. To induce an algal bloom, a mix of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silicate) was added on 26 May, 30 May and 01 June. Based on the chlorophyll measurements which show the development of the bloom, three phases of the experiment were determined: the pre-bloom phase (18 May to 26 May), the bloom phase (27 May to 04 June) and the post-bloom phase (05 June to 16 June). Several physical, chemical and biological parameters were measured, which will be published in other datasets. To evaluate the impact of the algal bloom within the SML, oxygen concentration, pH, and temperature were measured in situ using microsensors (UNISENSE, Denmark) mounted on a MicroProfiling System (UNISENSE, Denmark). With this setup, direct in situ measurements inside both the thermal boundary layer and diffusion boundary layer at the sea surface can be made. One oxygen microsensor, two pH microsensors and three temperature microsensors were mounted on the microprofiler with their tips pointing upward to avoid disturbance in the SML. They were positioned a few centimeters apart. The microprofiler was used to automatically move the sensors down, from the air through the SML and into the underlying water over a total distance of 10 000 µm in steps of 125 µm (250 µm at the start of the experiment). At each depth, the sensors stayed for about 10 s, giving a mean value and a standard deviation over that time. Three of these measurements were taken at every depth before the sensor moved down to the next step. After completing a profile, the microprofiler returned to its initial position with the tips in the air to start the next profile. The resulting profiles mostly took between 40 to 50 minutes. These profiles were conducted continuously during day and night, except for small breaks to clean and if needed replace or readjust the sensors and recalibrate the pH sensors. The sensors' height required manual adjustment to position the tip precisely at the water surface (0 µm). Through this manual adjustment, small inaccuracies may occur. As a result, the sensor depth readings form the microprofiler system may not reflect the true sensor position, which can also vary between the sensors. The true sensor positions can later be obtained by analysing the measured profiles.

Copernicus-Auswertung für die Ostsee (WMS)

Dieser Darstellungs-Dienst (WMS) der Marinen Dateninfrastruktur Deutschland (MDI-DE) stellt Copernicus-Daten für die Ostsee zur Verfügung. Die Daten wurden für den Zeitraum 2022-2024 aggregiert (gemittelt) sowie zeitvariant ausgewertet und können u.a. für das MSRL Reporting genutzt werden. Bereitgestellte Parameter sind: Cyanobakterien, Trübung, Salinität, Temperatur und Azidität. Die Daten werden über unterschiedliche Zeiträume (täglich, monatlich, saisonal, 2-wöchentlich, MSRL-abgestimmt Jul-Aug) aggregiert, repräsentiert durch statistische Kennziffern.

Copernicus-Daten für die Ostsee (2022-2025)

Die Marine Dateninfrastruktur Deutschland (MDI-DE) stellt Copernicus-Daten für die Ostsee zur Verfügung. Die Daten wurden für den Zeitraum 2022-2024 aggregiert (gemittelt) sowie zeitvariant ausgewertet und können u.a. für das MSRL Reporting genutzt werden. Bereitgestellte Parameter sind: Cyanobakterien, Trübung, Salinität, Temperatur und Azidität. Die Daten werden über unterschiedliche Zeiträume (täglich, monatlich, saisonal, 2-wöchentlich, MSRL-abgestimmt Jul-Aug) aggregiert, repräsentiert durch statistische Kennziffern.

Mobilisierung der mikrobiellen Biodiversität zur zirkulären Bioökonomie-Lösungen

Salinity, temperature, pH, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) measurements in surface waters within DynaCom experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots at different elevation levels, Spiekeroog, Germany, 2018-08 to 2022-01

Data were collected between August 2018 and January 2022 as part of the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems) of the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Measurements were conducted almost bi-/monthly on experimental islands and salt marsh enclosed plots located in the back barrier tidal flat and salt marsh of the island of Spiekeroog (Germany). Field-based in situ measurements of salinity, temperature, and pH were conducted using portable hand-held instruments in groundwater (filter tubes within experimental plots) and in surface waters from a tidal channel (ITC) adjacent to the experimental islands and a tidal pond (STP) in the pioneer zone of the salt marsh. Measurements were performed and samples were taken during the day between 3 hours before and 3 hours after low tide. From August 2018 to September 2019 a HQ40D digital two-channel multi meter equipped with a pre-calibrated Intellical CDC401 field 4-pole graphite conductivity cell (Hach Lange GmbH, Germany) was used to measure temperature (°C) and salinity (psu). The same device was used for pH measurements with an Intellical PHC101 field low maintenance gel filled pH electrode (Hach Lange GmbH, Germany). The pH electrode was calibrated before each fieldwork using single-use pH buffer solutions (pH 4.01, 7.00, 10.01, Hach Lange GmbH, Germany). Since October 2019, salinity and temperature were measured using a Multi 3510 IDS SET 4 handheld device equipped with a TetraCon® 925/LV 4-Pol-IDS conductivity electrode with graphite cells (WTW, Xylem Analytics Germany GmbH, Germany). Fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM, ppb QSE) was measured using an AquaFluor Modell 80000-010 for UV-420 (Turner Designs Inc., USA), pre-calibrated in the laboratory. For this, water samples were taken from the field to a nearby mobile central field unit and were filtered within 1-2 hours after sampling using 25 mm Nuclepore syringe filters (0.2 µm pore size) directly into sample-pre-rinsed measurement cuvettes. Data quality control (QC) was performed using MATLAB (R2024b). Outlier detection was conducted both visually and statistically using z-score analysis (|z| > 3) per sampling campaign and plot. Each data point was assigned a Quality Control Flag (QC).

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