Mean Deep Ocean stacked records weighted by ocean basin volume are also provided for: benthic δ18O, MDOT and δ18Oseawater and compiled from records described for the non-weighted stacks. The weighted stacks were created using basin weights defined using fixed deep ocean volume fractions following the volumetric approach of Lisiecki and Stern (2016) (see their Table S2), and renormalised to unity at each time step to reflect the ocean volume represented by the available records.
Stacked deep-water (>2500m) deconvolved benthic Mg/Ca–δ18O records spanning the past 1.5 Myr for: the North Atlantic comprising IODP Site U1385 [Uvigerina peregrina and Globobulimina affinis] and DSDP Site 607 [Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, Oridorsalis umbonatus, and Uvigerina spp.] (Sosdian and Rosenthal, 2009; Ford et al., 2016); the Pacific incorporating ODP Sites 1123 [Uvigerina spp.] (Elderfield et al., 2012) and Site 1208 [Uvigerina spp.] (Ford and Raymo, 2020); and, Mean Deep Oceans including all of the above plus ODP Site 1094 [Melonis pompilioides] (Hasenfratz et al., 2019). To investigate changes in abyssal ocean density stratification across the Middle Pleistocene Transition estimates of deep-water temperature and δ18Oseawater were generated with error propagation using PSU Solver in MATLAB (Thirumalai, Quinn and Marino, 2016). PSU Solver-derived δ18O, temperature and δ18Oseawater records for each site were interpolated on a 3 kyr interval and bootstrapped. Stacks were manually created by first identifying gaps in each site's original data and then averaging the means and errors across each age interval.
The data compilation includes the first occurrence of G. huxleyi and other species of Gephyrocapsa as revealed by Quaternary sediment samples from the world oceans. This new synthesis includes previously published data, all with rigorous relationships of their emergence events with marine isotope stages based on good quality oxygen isotope stratigraphy and/or astronomical tuning from each sediment core.
Während der Tiefsee-Expedition SO 158 mit F.S 'Sonne' in das Gebiet zwischen Galapagosspreizungszentrum und -plattform sollen bodenlebende Meeresorganismen gesammelt werden. Die Auswertung wird sich auf die Schlüsselgruppen Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, Copepoda, Brachiopoda und Porifera konzentrieren, die nach den Erfahrungen bei früheren Tiefsee-Expeditionen in genügend hoher Anzahl im Weichboden und auf Steinen zu erwarten sind. Die großräumige Variabilität von Tiefsee-Tiergemeinschaften im Ostpazifik soll untersucht werden, um Aussagen über das Verbreitungsareal von Tierarten in der Tiefsee und über den Einfluß von geomorphologischen Strukturen wie dem Spreizungszentrum treffen zu können. Außerdem sollen potentielle Anpassungen (Sinnesorgane, endosymbiontische Bakterien in Darm oder Integument?) an das Leben in der Tiefsee bei den mikroskopischen Kinorhyncha und Loricifera ultastrukturell geprüft werden. Elektronenmikroskopische Arbeiten bei Kinorhyncha, Loricifera und Brachiopoda tragen zudem dazu bei, die Evolution dieser Tiergruppen besser zu verstehen.