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METOP GOME-2 - Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. The operational NO2 total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV / VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. The operational NO2 tropospheric column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x for NO2 [Valks et al. (2011)] integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV / VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. The total NO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the visible wavelength region using the DOAS method. An additional algorithm is applied to derive the tropospheric NO2 column: after subtracting the estimated stratospheric component from the total column, the tropospheric NO2 column is determined using an air mass factor based on monthly climatological NO2 profiles from the MOZART-2 model. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

METOP GOME-2 - Ozone (O3) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. The operational ozone total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV / VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. The new improved DOAS-style (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) algorithm called GDOAS, was selected as the basis for GDP version 4.0 in the framework of an ESA ITT. GDP 4.x performs a DOAS fit for ozone slant column and effective temperature followed by an iterative AMF / VCD computation using a single wavelength. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

Veredelung von Nassgrünland-Biomasse zu Plattformchemikalien, Verpackungen, Faserguss und Papier, Teilvorhaben 3: Plattformchemikalien aus Nasswiesenbiomasse

EDELNASS fokussiert auf die stoffliche Verwertung von Aufwüchsen von wiedervernässten Moor-Grünland, welches heterogen in der Artenzusammensetzung ist und oft Bewirtschaftungseinschränkungen unterliegt (z.B. Erntezeitpunkt). Biomasse und ihre Standortparameter von 5 Moorstandorten in ganz Deutschland werden analysiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit in 2 Verwertungsverfahren untersucht, getestet und bewertet: (i) Umwandlung in Bioraffinerien zu den biobasierten, hochwertigen Basischemikalien HMF und Furfural und der Optimierung der Verfahren an der Universität Hohenheim. Ebenso wird Lignin als weiteres Produkt hergestellt. Das HMF kann zur Herstellung des recyclebaren, biobasierten Hochleistungskunststoff PEF weiterverarbeitet werden, woraus die Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen nachhaltige Verpackungslösungen entwickelt, (ii) Das Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Bioökonomie stellt zusammen mit seinen Partnern Faserstoffe aus der Biomasse her und verarbeiten diese weiter zu Papieren und Fasergussformteilen. Kopplungspotentiale von Stoffströmen der Rohstofffraktionen zwischen den Verfahren untersucht, indem Zwischen- und Nebenprodukte der Verfahren in die jeweils anderen Prozesse eingespeist werden. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist es, neue Wertschöpfungsketten auf der Grundlage von Nasswiesen-Bewirtschaftung zu entwickeln, die eine produktive Nutzung von Nassgrünland mit dem Erreichen von Naturschutz- und Klimaschutzzielen verbindet. Für eine zukünftige Honorierung von Ökosystemdienstleistungen vernässter Moore werden Datengrundlagen erstellt: CO2-Bilanz der Verfahren und möglicher Produkte (inkl. bodenbürtiger Emissionen), Entwicklung von Artenvielfalt und Wasserqualität. Die Kosten von der Rohstoffbereitstellung bis zum Endprodukt werden analysiert, um geeignete Betriebsmodelle für die einzelnen Verfahren abzuleiten und beispielhaft in Moorregionen zu projektieren.

Oekologisches Cafe an der Fachhochschule fuer Wirtschaft

Wie jedes Cafe hat auch das Cafe Geschmacklos mit vielen Problemen zu kaempfen: riesige Abfallmengen, Diebstahl von Tassen und Glaesern, Beteiligung der Kundschaft an oekologischen Projekten etc. Seit 1991 arbeitet das Cafe Geschmacklos mit einem Pfandmarkensystem fuer Tassen und Glaeser. Durch die Mitgliedschaft im Verein KommFoer (einmalige Aufnahmegebuehr 5; DM) ist jedes Mitglied berechtigt, mit einer Pfandmarke ein Glas oder eine Tasse auszuleihen. Bei der Abgabe wird diese Pfandmarke zurueckgegeben (auch wenn die Tasse/das Glas unverschuldet beschaedigt wurde), wodurch ein Ruecklauf von nahezu 100 Prozent entsteht und der Abfall erheblich reduziert wurde. Weiterhin werden in diesem oekologisch ausgerichteten Cafe ausschliesslich Pfandflaschen verwendet, Abfall getrennt (Papier, Gruener Punkt, Sonstiges) sowie Kaffee und Tee aus Dritte-Welt-Laendem (aus weitgehend sozialoekologischem Anbau) ausgeschenkt. Allein die Kompostierung entsprechender Abfaelle (speziell der Kaffee-Filter) ist noch nicht zufriedenstellend geloest.

Verfahren zur Herstellung umweltfreundlicher Papiere

Es sollen, aufbauend auf bereits abgeschlossene Arbeiten, Papiere durch Pfropfpolymerisation hergestellt werden, deren Abfallbeseitigung sich umweltpositiv darstellt.

Navigation Lock Filling - Modeled Geometry and Physical Model Measurement Data

Navigation Lock Filling - Modeled Geometry and Physical Model Measurement Data This data set provides the geometry files and physical model measurement data for the filling process of a large navigation lock with a ship in the lock chamber from a water saving basin. The measured data contains water levels, pressure differences, forces on the ship and the opening height of the valves. The lock consists of a lock chamber with a pressure chamber underneath. Both chambers are hydraulically connected with vertical cylindrical filling nozzles inside the floor between both chambers. The three lateral saving basins are connected to the pressure chamber via two lateral culverts each of smoothly varying rectangular shape. Each saving basin has two of these connecting culverts. A vertical lifting valve in each culvert allows the controlled filling operation from the saving basins into the pressure chamber. In the experiment, the lock chamber is filled from the lowest saving basin. The physical model was constructed at a scale of 1:25. The provided data (geometry and model test results) is scaled to prototype scale by Froude's similitude. The data was used in the following publication: Thorenz, C., Schulze, L. (2021): Numerical Investigations of Ship Forces During Lockage. Journal of Coastal and Hydraulic Strucures. Please cite the paper when using the data.

METOP GOME-2 - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. The operational SO2 total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV / VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. GDP 4.x performs a DOAS fit for SO2 slant column followed by an AMF / VCD computation using a single wavelength. Corrections are applied to the slant column for equatorial offset, interference of SO2 and SO2 absorption, and SZA dependence. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

METOP GOME-2 - Formaldehyde (HCHO) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. The operational HCHO total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV / VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

METOP GOME-2 - Cloud Top Pressure (CTP) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks) are used for retrieving the following geophysical cloud properties from GOME and GOME-2 data: cloud fraction (cloud cover), cloud-top pressure (cloud-top height), and cloud optical thickness (cloud-top albedo). OCRA is an optical sensor cloud detection algorithm that uses the PMD devices on GOME / GOME-2 to deliver cloud fractions for GOME / GOME-2 scenes. ROCINN takes the OCRA cloud fraction as input and uses a neural network training scheme to invert GOME / GOME-2 reflectivities in and around the O2-A band. VLIDORT [Spurr (2006)] templates of reflectances based on full polarization scattering of light are used to train the neural network. ROCINN retrieves cloud-top pressure and cloud-top albedo. The cloud-top pressure for GOME scenes is derived from the cloud-top height provided by ROCINN and an appropriate pressure profile. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

A Numerical Large-Scale Investigation of Gas Transport Processes in a Generic Nuclear Waste Repository in Argillaceous Porous Media

In this paper, we present the results of a large-scale numerical model of a generic nuclear waste repository situated in an argillaceous host rock formation. Modelling the evolution of an entire repository presents challenges due to the strong contrast in spatial and temporal scales at which the different processes take place, ranging from the centimetres to the kilometres and days to hundreds of thousands of years, respectively. From the view point of the physical processes, a further challenge originates from the different gas transport mechanisms: Gas advection as well as gas dissolution and diffusion jointly govern the efflux of gas from the repository and mitigate excess pore pressures, but there is a significant contrast between the rates of these two transport mechanisms. Using the TH2M implementation in the open-source finite element code OpenGeoSys-6 , we analyse the impact of gas transport via advection (in the partially saturated zones such as backfilled drifts, shafts and desaturated host rock) as well as gas transport via diffusion (in fully water-saturated media such as the undisturbed host rock and over- and underlying formations). Finally, this work outlines and discusses possible simplifications in modelling choices, such as mechanical surrogate models, geometrical simplifications as well as the impact of discretization. The work presented in this paper was carried out within the scope of the European Joint Programme EURAD, workpackage Gas, Task 4.

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