The three year project will be implemented in the Amhara region in Ethiopia and will identify and select typical rainfed watershed and communities, form watershed associations, carry out resource assessments and livelihood analyses, and develop community action plans during the first year. Selection of research sites and participating farmers in targeted agro ecosystems will also be completed in the first year. A suitable system model will be identified in the first year and verified for the conditions at the selected watershed. The project will identify and introduce supplemental irrigation, water harvesting and agronomic interventions, as agreed with the participating communities, at the end of the first year. Testing and monitoring of the interventions will continue to the third year. Results will be presented in annual planning meetings each year. Institutional and policy recommendations will be developed during the third year.