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Coastal Atmosphere & Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and Bio-Optical mapping of Marine optical Properties (BiOMaP): the near- surface marine bio-optical data

The CoASTS-BiOMaP data set comprises in situ near-surface inherent (e.g., absorption, scattering and backscattering coefficient s) and apparent (e.g., normalized-water leaving radiance and the corresponding remote sensing reflectance) optical properties of relevance for satellite ocean colour applications. The data were produced through the Coastal Atmosphere & Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and the Bio-Optical mapping of Marine optical Properties (BiOMaP) measurement programs implemented by the Marine Optical Laboratory of the Joint Research Center (JRC) in collaboration with a number of European institutions. Common to both CoASTS and BiOMaP is the standardization of instruments, measurement methods, quality control schemes and processing codes to enforce temporal and spatial consistency to data products. CoASTS measurements comprise 125 field campaigns and 637 stations performed from December 1998 up to March 2016 benefitting of the Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower (AAOT) in the northern Adriatic Sea to generate time series data at a fixed coastal site. CoASTS data exhibit occurrence of waters with optical properties largely determined by phytoplankton, as well as diverse concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and of coloured organic matter (CDOM). BiOMaP measurements comprise 36 bio-optical oceanographic campaigns and 1915 stations performed between July 2000 and May 2022 using a variety of oceanographic vessels to produce spatially distributed data across various European Seas. BiOMaP measurement regions include: the Baltic Sea exhibiting waters dominated by a high concentration of CDOM; the Adriatic Sea, Black Sea, North Sea (comprising the English Channel), Ligurian Sea, Iberian Shelf and the Greenland Sea, characterized by a variety of optically complex waters determined by diverse concentrations of CDOM and SPM; the Eastern and Western Mediterranean oligotrophic and mesotrophic Seas.

Total and phytoplankton group chlorophyll concentrations from underway spectrophotometry with water mass classification in the East Greenland Sea from Polarstern expeditions 2015-2024

We present a high spatially resolved (around 300 m) data set on the chlorophyll-a concentrations of all phytoplankton (total chlorophyll-a), diatoms, haptophytes and chlorophytes various phytoplankton pigments (unit: mg/m³) estimated from particulate absorption data derived from underway AC-S measurements operated on eight R/V POLARSTERN expeditions in the Greenland Sea (North of 66.3°N to 82°N within the Atlantic Ocean) between 2015 to 2024: PS93.2, PS99.2, PS107, PS121, PS126, PS131, PS136 and PS143-2. For each data point we further provide the percentage of Atlantic Water and Polar Water and the association into the three regions: East Greenland Sea, Central Fram Strait and West Spitsbergen Current. Mind that the classification of water masses and regions is only valid for the Hausgarten area (78°N to 80°N and 7°W to 15°E). The details of the instrument set-up, the data and the methods are described in Bracher et al. (2025).

MOSES Sternfahrt-5, Spatial extension of the riverine influence of Elbe and Weser into the southern North Sea (German Bight) in 2020

The southern North Sea (German Bight) is influenced by the inflowing water in the Tide-Elbe area and how it is further modified. For a better understanding of the different branches of relevant events it is necessary to investigate which are the main impacting factors for the terrestrial and coastal water quality. Therefore, during different cruises between 2019 and 2022 a group of parameters was continuously traced from the Elbe River basin (Czech/German border) to Tide-Elbe and Elbe estuary (Hamburg, Germany) until the German Bight. This dataset is about the cruise "Sternfahrt 5" from August 31 to September 03 in 2020, with the objective to detect the spatial extension of the riverine influence of Elbe and Weser. Therefore, three research vessels have been involved to cover a broad area of the German Bight between Hamburg, Heligoland and Sylt. All three research vessels (Littorina, Ludwig Prandtl and Mya II) started together on the first day from Cuxhaven to Heligoland. The first day and whenever two or three of the ships met, one measuring was made together as inter-calibration station (for more details, see file description), in total four. From the second day the ship Littorina travelled between Heligoland and Büsum, one track each day. The Ludwig Prandtl headed the second day towards Wyk auf Föhr. Afterwards the crew navigated further north towards Sylt and turning back to Wyk on the same day. The last day they went back from there to Cuxhaven meeting with the vessel Littorina for a last inter-calibration station. The vessel Mya II instead was navigating on the second and third day first to Bremerhaven and on a more western track back to Heligoland. To also cover the northern part of the research area, on the last day the crew travelled to Sylt, the home harbour of the vessel. Therefore, it was not participating on the last inter-calibration station off Cuxhaven. All ships took measurements of basic hydrographic parameters (salinity, temperature, oxygen saturation, pH) and atmospheric and dissolved greenhouse gases (methane and carbon dioxide). The parameters were measured continuously on the way by specific sensors submerged in a water reservoir on deck which was supplied with surface water (about 1m depth) from the underway water supply of the vessel. Methane and carbon dioxide were measured in the surface water and in the atmosphere with the sensors "LosGatos" and "Picarro". Ferrybox systems measured physical and chemical oceanographic parameters including salinity, temperature, pH. At specific stations along the tracks additionally vertical profiles were taken as well as water samples from the surface. The respective data can be found in: Bussmann, Ingeborg, Flöser, Götz, Geißler, Felix (2021): Carbon compounds, nutrients and pigments from water samples from MOSES project's cruise Sternfahrt 5. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934894. Further profile data can be found in the AWI O2A-Database as download. Additional information about the whole campaign and different cruises can be found in the article(s) cited.

Chlorophyll a, extracellular polymeric substance concentration and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers in saltmarsh sediments in response to a storm surge

Samples were taken to study the effect of storm surges on ecosystem functioning of salt marsh microbial communities. Sediment samples were collected from experimental salt marsh islands located in the back-barrier tidal flats of Spiekeroog Island, German North Sea (53°45′N, 7°43′E). The islands consist of three elevation zones (0.7 m, 1.0 m, and 1.3 m above mean sea level), corresponding to pioneer zone, lower salt marsh, and upper salt marsh. Six islands were sampled (three initially bare; three transplanted with lower salt marsh sediment and vegetation). Sampling was conducted in September 2022 (pre-disturbance), March 2023 (post-winter storm surges), and August 2023 (recovery phase). Surface sediments (upper 2 cm) were collected using syringe cores. Pooled samples were analyzed for chlorophyll a as a proxy for microphytobenthos biomass using ethanol extraction and spectrophotometric pigment analysis. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were quantified using EDTA extraction followed by phenol–sulfuric acid carbohydrate analysis. DNA was extracted from sediment subsamples using a Qiagen PowerSoil kit. Prokaryotic abundance was estimated by quantitative PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene (primers 519F/907R), using an Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene standard curve. The dataset includes chlorophyll a concentrations (µg g⁻¹ dry sediment), EPS carbohydrate concentrations, and prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene copy numbers for all sampling times, elevations, and treatments.

Errichtung einer Ozonungsanlage zur Entfärbung von stark farbigen Abwässern aus der Reaktivfärbung und Recycling des entfärbten Abwassers

Die Hecking Deotexis GmbH ist ein 150 Jahre altes, mittelständisch geprägtes Textilunternehmen am Standort Neuenkirchen. Das Unternehmen stellt Oberbekleidungsstoffe für Damen und Herren her. Es verfügt über eine Weberei, Färberei und Ausrüstung. So werden u. a. Baumwolle und Elastomerfäden mit Reaktivfarbstoffen und Pigmenten gefärbt. Eine Besonderheit ist die Indigo-Kettfärbeanlage für Jeans. Die Firma plant die Errichtung einer neuen Anlage, wo die konzentrierten Abwässer aus der Färberei von Baumwollwebware mit Hilfe eines Ozonungsverfahren entfärbt und praktisch vollständig wieder verwendet werden sollen. Dazu sollen die konzentrierten Farbabwässer aus den verschiedenen Behandlungsstufen zusammengeführt und in einem Reaktor mit Ozon entfärbt werden. Die Ozonungsanlage wird in eine neue betriebliche Anlage integriert. Die Wiederverwendung des entfärbten Abwassers kann allerdings wegen der Aufkonzentrierung der Salze nicht im kompletten Kreislauf stattfinden. Die eine Hälfte soll als Waschwasser wieder in die Farbnachwäsche gehen, d.h. im eigentlichen Färbeprozess wieder eingesetzt werden, die andere Hälfte soll für innerbetriebliche Prozesse wie das Reinigen von Gefäßen und Ansatzbehältern genutzt werden. Dieses hat eindeutige Vorteile gegenüber den herkömmlichen Verfahren. So ist kein Einsatz zusätzlicher Chemikalien notwendig, es erfolgt eine Verringerung der anfallenden Klärschlammmenge und eine Einsparung von über 5000 Kubikmeter Frischwasser pro Jahr. Auch die kommunale Kläranlage, in die die Färbeabwässer bislang ungeklärt eingeleitet wurden, wird deutlich entlastet. Allerdings liegt der Energiebedarf bei der Ozonung höher, soll aber durch eine Optimierung des Verfahrens gesenkt werden.

Arachnologie (Webespinnen): a) Faerbung und Pigmente bei Spinnen b) Lebenszyklus mehrjaehriger Spinnenarten c) Soziobiologie der Roehrenspinne Eresus niger

a) Nachweis von Pigmenten, Biochemie, funktionelle Bedeutung der Koerperfaerbung (Mimese, Mimikri, Balz etc.). Farbwechselphaenomene; Fadenpigmente zur Erhaltung der Klebefaehigkeit (Faengigkeit). b) Bestimmung der Variabilitaet des Lebenszyklus klimatoleranter, habitatspezifischer Spinnenarten anhand der Altersstruktur der Populationen und der Fortpflanzungsperiode. c) Erfassung von Vorkommen der seltenen Roehrenspinne Eresus niger, Analyse der Sozialstrukturen der kolonielebenden Individuen und Nachweis der langjaehrigen Koloniepersistenz, Aufklaerung der sozialen Verhaltensweisen, Sexualbiologie und der partiellen Zwergwuechsigkeit (obligat); olifaktorische Leistungen und ihre Rolle. Methoden: Diverse biochemische, cytologische und histologische Verfahren; experimentelle Techniken zur Klebewirkung der Faeden (Pigmente); Biotopkartierungen, Messung von Klimaparametern; Expositionsversuche (Lebenszyklus); Verhaltensdokumentation (Video-recording) im Freiland und bei Haelterung, Tests mit markierten Geschwistergruppen zur intraspezifischen Toleranz und Kooperation, Zucht- und Ansiedlungsversuche unter kontrollierten Bedingungen (Soziobiologie).

Biosynthese von Xanthophyllen in Grünalgen und Kieselalgen

Nachdem in Gefäßpflanzen die an der Carotinoidbiosynthese in den photosynthetisch aktiven Organen beteiligten Enzyme inzwischen weitestgehend identifiziert worden sind, soll im hier beantragten Projekt die Carotinoidbiosynthese in der Grünalge Chlamydomonas reinhardtii und der Diatomee Phaeodactylum tricornutum untersucht werden. Hierzu sind zunächst die Identifizierung von an der Xanthophyllbiosynthese beteiligten Gene aus beiden Algen sowie die Isolierung und Charakterisierung neuer Pigmentmutanten von C.reinhardtii vorgesehen. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt ferner auf der Identifizierung einer Diadinoxanthin-Synthase (DDS) aus P.tricornutum. Die bereits vorliegenden sowie die neu isolierten Pigmentmutanten von C. reinhardtii sollen als Testsystem für die Funktion potentieller Xanthophyllbiosynthesegene aus beiden Algen eingesetzt werden. Die DDS aus P.tricornutum soll anschließend in einem bakteriellen System sowie in C.reinhardtii exprimiert, isoliert und bezüglich ihrer katalytischen Eigenschaften eingehend charakterisiert werden. Eine erfolgreiche funktionelle Expression der DDS in C. reinhardtii würde in der Synthese eines bislang in Grünalgen nicht vorkommenden Xanthophylls resultieren. Hiervon wären neue Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der Flexibilität der Pigmentbindungseigenschaften von Lichtsammelkomplexen sowie der Funktion und Evolution des Diadinoxanthinzyklus zu erwarten.

Kupfermetallisierung für die Herstellung von Perowskit-Silicium Solarzellen, Teilvorhaben: Entwicklung von Ausgangsstoffen für Tinten

Phytoplankton pigment concentrations during POLARSTERN cruise PS121 from North Sea to Fram in August to September 2019

Phytoplankton pigments were determined in the water column of a transect from the North Sea to Fram Strait during RV Polarstern expedition PS121 from 11 Aug to 10 Sep 2019. Water samples were collected from CTD Niskin bottles at five to six different depths from the upper 100 m at CTD stations and from underway sampling. This were the same water samples as in Bracher et al. (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.938260). Between 0.2 to 3.5 L of each seawater sample was filtered through Whatman GF/Ffilters. The sample filters were then shock‐frozen in liquid N2 and kept at−80 °C until analysis. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was performed to quantify various phytoplankton pigments (see Table 1 in Taylor et al. 2011) following the method of Barlow et al. (1997) that was adjusted to our temperature‐controlled instruments as detailed in Alvarez et al. (2022).

Kreislauffähige, upgecycelte Pigmente für alle 'Next Generation' (Next-Gen) Materialien, Teilprojekt: Entwicklung von kreislauffähigen Materialprototypen aus NUVIs Biomaterialien unter Einbindung von hochwertigen Grund- und Farbstoffen aus Agrar- und Baumwollabfällen

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