Der Kartendienst (WMS Gruppe) stellt Geodaten aus dem Bereich Mobilität im Saarland dar.:Raster 1000m symbolisiert nach dem Attribut "Anteil attraktiver Wege ÖV" im Zeitraum zwischen 3 und 6 Uhr.
In forest ecosystems ectomycorrhizal fungi are responsible for the mobilization of mineral nutrients from soil organic matter (SOM) resulting in a marked increase in productivity of their symbiotic host plants. In return the fungi obtain a significant amount of photosynthetic products from these plants, allowing the formation of an extensive hyphal system. These hyphae constitute a major part of soil biomass and, ultimately, a major source for SOM formation. While plant-fungal nutrient exchange has been analyzed extensively, this proposal is focused on the fungal contribution to SOM formation and on the processes leading to the acquisition of nutrients by the fungi. These two processes will be studied separately and in a quantitative way using isotopic labeling in soil bioreactors. Analysis of the fate of 13C labeled fungal material (Laccaria bicolor) in soil bioreactors will tell how fast and to what extent the various fractions of hyphal biomass are transformed into non-living SOM. As potential molecular or structural markers for SOM formation from fungal hyphae we will analyze characteristic remnants of fungal hyphae in SOM using scanning electron microscopy, DNAfragments using a PCR approach for the fungal rRNA internal transcribed spacerregions and biochemical markers like fatty acids and ergosterol. The impact of ectomycorrhizal mycelia supported by Pinus sylvestris plantlets on 13C- and 15N-labeled SOM and on microbial biomass will be analyzed in separate soil bioreactor experiments.
The decomposition of terrestrial organic material such as leaf litter represents a fundamental ecosystem function in streams that delivers energy for local and downstream food webs. Although agriculture dominates most regions in Europe and fungicides are applied widely, effects of currently used fungicides on the aquatic decomposer community and consequently the leaf decomposition rate are largely unknown. Also potential compensation of such hypothesised adverse effects due to nutrients or higher average water temperatures associated with climate change are not considered. Moreover, climate change is predicted to alter the community of aquatic decomposers and an open question is, whether this alteration impacts the leaf decomposition rate. The current projects follows a tripartite design to answer these research questions. Firstly, a field study in a vine growing region where fungicides are applied in large amounts will be conducted to whether there is a dose-response relationship between the exposure to fungicides and the leaf decomposition rate. Secondly, experiments in artificial streams with field communities will be carried out to assess potential compensatory mechanisms of nutrients and temperature for effects of fungicides. Thirdly, field experiments with communities exhibiting a gradient of taxa sensitive to climate change will be used to investigate potential climate-related effects on the leaf decomposition rate.
Der Kartendienst (WMS Gruppe) stellt Geodaten aus dem Bereich Mobilität im Saarland dar.:Zeitintervalle (Raster 1000m) symbolisiert nach dem Attribut "Anteil attraktiver Wege ÖV".
It is well established that reduced supply of fresh organic matter, interactions of organic matter with mineral phases and spatial inaccessibility affect C stocks in subsoils. However, quantitative information required for a better understanding of the contribution of each of the different processes to C sequestration in subsoils and for improvements of subsoil C models is scarce. The same is true for the main controlling factors of the decomposition rates of soil organic matter in subsoils. Moreover, information on spatial variabilities of different properties in the subsoil is rare. The few studies available which couple near and middle infrared spectroscopy (NIRS/MIRS) with geostatistical approaches indicate a potential for the creation of spatial maps which may show hot spots with increased biological activities in the soil profile and their effects on the distribution of C contents. Objectives are (i) to determine the mean residence time of subsoil C in different fractions by applying fractionation procedures in combination with 14C measurements; (ii) to study the effects of water content, input of 13C-labelled roots and dissolved organic matter and spatial inaccessibility on C turnover in an automatic microcosm system; (iii) to determine general soil properties and soil biological and chemical characteristics using NIRS and MIRS, and (iv) to extrapolate the measured and estimated soil properties to the vertical profiles by using different spatial interpolation techniques. For the NIRS/MIRS applications, sample pretreatment (air-dried vs. freeze-dried samples) and calibration procedures (a modified partial least square (MPLS) approach vs. a genetic algorithm coupled with MPLS or PLS) will be optimized. We hypothesize that the combined application of chemical fractionation in combination with 14C measurements and the results of the incubation experiments will give the pool sizes of passive, intermediate, labile and very labile C and N and the mean residence times of labile and very labile C and N. These results will make it possible to initialize the new quantitative model to be developed by subproject PC. Additionally, we hypothesize that the sample pretreatment 'freeze-drying' will be more useful for the estimation of soil biological characteristics than air-drying. The GA-MPLS and GA-PLS approaches are expected to give better estimates of the soil characteristics than the MPLS and PLS approaches. The spatial maps for the different subsoil characteristics in combination with the spatial maps of temperature and water contents will presumably enable us to explain the spatial heterogeneity of C contents.
Although global pesticide use increases steadily, our field-data based knowledge regarding exposure of non-target ecosystems is very restricted. Consequently, this meta-analysis will for the first time evaluate the worldwide available peer-reviewed information on agricultural insecticide concentrations in surface water or sediment and test the following two hypotheses: I) Insecticide concentrations in the field largely exceed regulatory threshold levels and II) Additional factors important for threshold level exceedances can be quantified using retrospective meta-analysis. A feasibility study using a restricted dataset (n = 377) suggested the significance of the expected results, i.e. an threshold level exceedance rate of more than 50Prozent of the detected concentrations. Subsequent to a comprehensive database search in the peer-reviewed literature of the past 60 years, analysis of covariance with the relevant threshold level exceedance as the continuous dependent variable (about 10,000 cases) will be performed and the impact of significant predictor variables will be quantified. Parameters not yet considered in pesticide exposure assessment will be included as independent variables, such as compound class, environmental regulatory quality, and sampling design. The simultaneous presence of several insecticide compounds as a well as their metabolites will also be considered in the evaluation. The present approach may provide an innovative and integrated view on the potential environmental side effects of global high-intensity agriculture and in particular of pesticides use.
Das Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Klima Nordrhein-Westfalen (LANUK) veröffentlicht im Energieatlas NRW (www.energieatlas.nrw.de) die Planungskarte Wind (www.planungwind.nrw.de). Hier werden der aktuelle Ausbaustand der Windenergie in NRW sowie die Ergebnisse der Flächenanalyse Windenergie 2023 veröffentlicht. Zahlreiche Planungskarten zu Siedlung, Artenschutz, Natur und Landschaft, Gewässer, Infrastruktur, Verkehr und Wald grenzen über das Ausschlussverfahren die Flächensuche für den weiteren Ausbau der Windenergie ein. Über die Windhöffigkeiten lässt sich ein Ertragspotenzial für geplante Windenergieanlagen abschätzen. In der hier zum download zur Verfügung gestellten gdb und der mxd sind alle Layer der Planungskarte Wind enthalten, für die eine Freigabe zur Datenweitergabe vorliegt. Die Potenzialflächen der Flächenanalyse Windenergie NRW (LANUK 2023) finden Sie hier: https://open.nrw/dataset/2350e4dd-8455-4498-b8dd-5581a335d539.
Das Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Klima Nordrhein-Westfalen (LANUK) stellt im Energieatlas NRW (www.energieatlas.nrw.de) die Standorte der Erneuerbaren Energien, der fossilen Kraftwerke und der Elektrotankstellen in NRW dar. Folgende Energieträger werden dargestellt: Biomasse/Bioenergie, Deponiegas, Grubengas, Klärgas, Photovoltaik Freifläche, Wasserkraft, Windenergie, Windenergieanlagen in Planung, stillgelegte Windenergieanlagen, E-Tankstellen, Braunkohle, Steinkohle, Erdgas, Mineralöl, Müllverbrennungsanlagen, Grubenwasser, Industrielle Abwärme und KWK-relevante Industriestandorte. Die Excel-Tabelle fasst die Standorte aller Energieträger zusammen
Die Karte zeigt das noch verfügbare Potenzial aus Photovoltaik auf Freiflächen je Landkreis in Bayern unter Einbeziehung von Nutzungs- und Förderbedingungen. Dabei wird die Aufteilung des Potenzials auf verschiedene Förderflächen dargestellt.
Die Karte zeigt das noch verfügbare Potenzial aus Photovoltaik auf Freiflächen je Gemeinde in Bayern unter Einbeziehung von Nutzungs- und Förderbedingungen. Dabei wird die Aufteilung des Potenzials auf verschiedene Förderflächen dargestellt.
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