Das Projekt "Cassava for food security and sustainability in Colombia: Biotechnological application of mycorrhizal fungi" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universite de Lausanne, Departement de medecine interne, Division de pneumologie.The Eastern Plains region of Colombia is a large tract of tropical savannah covering approximately 17Prozent of the Colombian land mass. It is an agriculturally poor region where current agricultural practices of cattle ranching have rapidly lead to poor soil fertility and low productivity. In Colombia, agriculture represents a very important part of the economy. In an attempt to economically stabilize the region the government has developed a regional plan for the Eastern Plains. This includes converting pasture land into cropping systems that provide food security for the growing Colombian population and reducing poverty.Cassava is the key crop in the regional plan for economic development and stability. However, cassava is a plant that is almost completely dependent on a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to efficiently obtain nutrients and grow. AMF have already been shown to greatly enhance cassava yields in the field, even when added to soil that already contains AMF. They also allow farmers to reduce fertilizer inputs and use much cheaper sources of phosphate. However, to realistically use AMF to increase cassava yields and make cassava cropping more profitable, it is necessary to inoculate with native AMF in a sterile based carrier, with low transport costs. This project seeks to isolate native AMF from soils in the eastern plains and from the roots of cassava in native undisturbed populations, screen them for effectiveness in increasing cassava yields and then put some of the most effective ones into a clean sterile culture system on artificial media for mass production. These AMF isolates will be used as inocula in field trials. Because cassava is so mycorrhiza-dependent, we also propose to screen the genetic diversity of cassava for mycorrhizal responsiveness. The Swiss group will use their expertise in molecular genetics of AMF to develop a molecular marker system for quality control of AMF inoculum in cassava roots and perform a pilot AMF breeding approach to cross AMF and obtain genetically novel AMF for use in the field. The Swiss partner will train the Colombian group in these technologies. The results of the project will be disseminated within the framework of the socio-economic plan for the region developed by the National University of Colombia's Institute for Studies in Orinoquia. Researchers in that institute will use the results of this project to make economic projections of the impact of the results on small farms and cooperatives in the Eastern Plains and at the whole regional level. They will then accordingly disseminate the information to agronomists, farmers and land-owners in the region.
Das Projekt "High volume manufacturing of photovoltaic products (HIGHSOL)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisierung.Objective: The project highSol aims at the transformation of innovative manufacturing concepts on a laboratory scale into the full industrial scale. The result will be the demonstration of technologies which will enable the mass manufacturing of Photovoltaic products with a serious reduction of manufacturing costs. The objectives are: - Demonstrating the automated manufacturing of Photovoltaic products based on thin wafers with a thickness of 150 micro m. - Increasing and maintaining the overall yield with the implementation of in-process quality control and feedback systems. - Demonstrating the manufacturing integration with the implementation of interfaces which will serve for future standards. The objectives will be reached by the following approach: Saving feedstock, by enabling manufacturing of 150Mikro m wafer with a wafer size of 210*210mm, will enable a direct cost reduction of 25%. As the envisaged cost reduction in Photovoltaic industry is 5% per year, this action alone will provide European Photovoltaic industry.
Das Projekt "Large-Area CIS Based Thin-Film Solar Modules for Highly Productive Manufacturing (LARCIS)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg.Objective: In order for the commercial production of large CIGS modules on the multi-MW scale to be successful, the processes must still be streamlined and optimised taking considering both economical and ecological aspects. This project aims to support the developme nt of this material- and energy-saving thin-film technology so it can gain a foothold in the free PV market. Promising laboratory results will be transferred to large-scale production, where the availability of appropriate production equipment and very hig h material and process yields are of decisive importance. 4 universities, 2 research institutes, and 4 companies will work closely together in order to merge the physical understanding of the processes and the engineering know-how, which are necessary for up-scaling the CIGS technology to a marketable multi-megawatt production volume. We will focus on: (1) very high-quality modules manufactured by coevaporation of CIGS and applying cost-effective methods, ETA up to 14 Prozent on 0.7 m2; (2) the development of Cd-free buffer layers for Cd-free CIGS modules on an area of up to 0.7 m2, ETA up to 12 Prozent; (3) and the development of a mid-term alternative: electrodeposition of low-cost CIS modules with ETA above 10 Prozent (estimated cost about 0.8 E/Wp). We will transfer the Mo back contact sputtering know-how to a specialised European large-area glass coater to provide substrates for both the coevaporation and the electrodeposition approaches. All process developments such as modifications of the back contact, wet- or vacuum-deposited buffer layers, the multi-stage coevaporation of CIGS, or improved Ga incorporation in electrodeposited absorbers will first be tested and evaluated on the laboratory scale. Successful approaches will be up-scaled and transferred to three independ ent commercial CIGS pilot lines located in three different European countries. Novel process and quality control techniques must also be developed and applied to reach these ambitious goals.
Das Projekt "CAPAC (Climate And Pollution Analysis of Cairo)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Basel, Institut für Meteorologie, Klimatologie und Fernerkundung.The proposed project is the follow-up project of our present SNF-project CAPAC (Climate And Pol-lution Analysis of Cairo) phase one. Its main purpose is the finishing of the work begun in phase one in terms of methodology and data analysis. CAPAC is conducted by a doctorand, Miss Corinne Frey. CAPAC aims to combine in situ measurements of the energy balance with remote sensing tech-niques to parameterise urban and non-urban heat fluxes of the mega-city Cairo, Egypt and its surroundings. Cairo is located within a green north-south oriented strip of agricultural land and on the other hand between two desserts in the west and east. This makes the location of Cairo unique and very interesting for an urban climate study like this. Scientific objectives are the computation of very high resolution radiation and heat fluxes in urban areas under the conditions of spatial homogeneity/ heterogeneity of urban land cover. Very interesting is the analysis of how urban greens influence the urban heat fluxes and how the new suburbs of Cairo, which are expanding into the dessert explosively, will modify the local climate. The population of Cairo is growing several hundred thousand people per year. During the first phase of CAPAC a field campaign was conducted in Cairo. This data serve as calibration and validation of the remote sensing analysis. Following this campaign, algorithm development and data analysis will be the main task of the following months. This includes the analysis of the in situ measured flux data, as well as the evaluation of the estimated radiation and energy balance terms using ASTER and LANDSAT remotely sensed data. Main tasks in the determination of the radiation and energy balance terms using satellite data will be (1) the completion of the haze-removal-algorithm for the haze contaminated scenes, (2) the completion of the algorithm for estimation of the aerosol optical depth from satellite data and (3) to improve the S-Sebi method for the estimation of the Bowen-ratio or to find a better suited method for the estimation of heat fluxes. Another task, which is primarily related to quality control is the determination of the Bi-directional reflectance function (BRF) over Cairo using satellite data from CHRIS/PROBA, which are already acquired by the European Space Agency (ESA) on our demand. To substantiate the findings from Cairo another area of interest was chosen, namely Beer Sheva, Israel. Beer Sheva is located in the middle of the desert, offering a pure desert climate. There a small follow-up field campaign is planed together with Dr. Oded Potcher from Ben Gurion University in Beer Sheva.
Das Projekt "Bringing Retrofit Innovation to Application in Public Buildings (BRITA IN PUBS)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik.Objective: The BRITA proposal on Eco-buildings aims to increase the market penetration of innovative and effective retrofit solutions to improve energy and implement renewables, with moderate additional costs. In the first place, this will be realised by the exemplary retrofit of 9 demonstration public buildings in the four participating European region (North, Central, South, East). By choosing public buildings of different types such as colleges, cultural centres, nursery homes, student houses, churches etc. for implementing the measures it will awareness and sensitise society on energy conservation. Secondly, the research work packages will include the socio-economic research such as the identification of real project-planning needs and financing strategies, the assessment of design guidelines, the development of an internet-based knowledge tool on retrofit measures and case studies and a quality control-tool box to secure a good long-term performance of the building and the systems.
Das Projekt "Demonstration of direct Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) co-combustion in pulverised fuel plants and implementation of a sustainable waste-to-energy technology in large-scale energy production (RECOFUEL)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: REMONDIS GmbH, Stoffstrom-Marktentwicklung SBS.Objective: The use of Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF) derived from mixed-/mono waste streams is expected to result in a significant contribution to the generation of sustainable energy. The demand for alternative waste treatment is addressed by production and direct co-combustion of SRF in pulverised fuel fired power plants as an environmentally friendly, energy efficient, short-term available and cost effective technical solution. The project assists the implementation of EU policies (energy, environmental, economic and social goals) by sustainable energy production, CO2 emission reduction, preservation of natural resources and abatement of hazardous impacts on the environment due to landfill. The proposed project comprises large-scale demonstration of SRF co-combustion at a 450MWth brown coal/lignite boiler of RWE Rheinbraun AG in a continuous period of at least 12 months with the scope of permanent and reliable operation. A thermal share of 10% is envisaged (25.000 - 50.000 Mg/a SRF) resulting in a direct environmental benefit up to 50.000 Mg/a CO2 by the efficient use of the renewable share of SRF. With successful demonstration the implementation of the SRF co-combustion technology at further comparable and larger units of RWE is envisaged. Operational problems arising during former short-term co-combustion tests with hard coal could be successfully solved by an improved fuel production and a reliable quality control system. The interaction between a reliable quality control, quality management system and the combustion technology makes this technology competitive in the liberalised energy market without any additional subsidy. To achieve the ambitious goals partners of industry and research centres with substantial expertise in the areas covering the whole waste-to-energy chain created a consortium.
Das Projekt "SUCCESS - successful travel awareness campaigns and mobility management strategies (MAX)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Forschungsgesellschaft Mobilität - Austrian Mobility Research, FGM-AMOR, Gemeinnützige GmbH.Objective: Mobility Management (MM) and Travel Awareness (TA) have many advantages as soft policy strategies: they are flexible, adaptable, rapid to implement and offer value-for-money. Many sustainable transport research projects have covered MM and TA, but in isolated projects, limited to larger cities and pilot demonstrations. SUCCESS now offers the chance to link these two areas and exploit their synergies, based on its research areas: A Innovative Approaches in TA B Behaviour Change Models and Prospective Assessment C Quality Management and MM For Smaller Cities D Integrating Planning and MM. They will be linked via horizontal WPs: WP 1 State-of-the-art analysis WP 2 Conceptualisation and specification of research activities WP 3 Monitoring investigations and implementation WP 4 Compiling results WP 5 Dissemination and WP 0 Project Management, Quality Control and Evaluation run in parallel for the duration of the project. Organising the work in this way will deliver excellent results.
Das Projekt "Ganzheitliche Untersuchungsmethoden zur Erfassung und Prüfung der Qualität ökologischer Lebensmittel: Stand der Entwicklung und Validierung" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung, Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Kassel, Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Umwelt- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Ökologische Lebensmittelqualität und Ernährungskultur.In dem wachsenden Markt ökologischer Lebensmittel werden Methoden zur produktorientierten Qualitätserfassung gefordert. Dabei geht es u.a. um die Unterscheidung von Produkten aus unterschiedlichen Anbauverfahren. Die Ziele des Projektes waren daher: 1. ausgewählte ganzheitliche Methoden gemäß ISO 17025 zu validieren, d.h. Laborprozesse festzulegen, sowie Einflussgrößen und Verfahrensmerkmale zu bestimmen, 2. zu testen, ob diese Verfahren eine Differenzierung von definierten Proben statistisch abgesichert zeigen können. . Diese Ziele konnten erreicht werden. Es wurde bestätigt, dass einige der Methoden auf Grundlage dokumentierter Prozeduren Lebensmittel aus definierten Anbauversuchen (u.a. aus dem DOK-Versuch am FIBL/CH) reproduzierbar unterscheiden können. Die Koordination und die Validierung der Kupferchlorid-Kristallisation sowie die Messung der Polyphenole lag bei der Universität Kassel, FG Ökologische Lebensmittelqualität und Ernährungskultur. Die KWALIS GmbH, Dipperz, validierte die Fluoreszenz-Anregungsspektroskopie und die Bestimmung des Physiologischen Aminosäurestatus, die EQC GmbH, Weidenbach die elektrochemischen Messungen. Dr. Kromidas, Saarbrücken übernahm die Beratung der Validierungsprozeduren. . An Blindproben wurde untersucht, ob die Verfahren für Weizen- und Möhrenproben aus definierten Anbau- und Sortenversuchen geeignet sind (Fragestellung der Validierung). Die Proben wurden von unabhängiger Stelle (OEL-FAL, Trenthorst) codiert. Die Proben wurden gleichzeitig an alle Partner versandt; dadurch konnten die Methoden auch untereinander verglichen werden. Die Methoden Kupferchlorid-Kristallisation, Fluoreszenz-Anregungsspektroskopie und Physiologischer Aminosäurestatus sind für die Fragestellung geeignet. Mit allen drei Methoden konnten die Proben differenziert und gruppiert werden. Darüber hinaus konnten mit der Fluoreszenz-Anregungsspektroskopie und über den physiologischen Aminosäurestatus die Proben auch den Anbauweisen richtig zugeordnet werden. Allerdings ist damit noch keine Aussage über die Fähigkeit dieser Verfahren möglich, generell Proben aus ökologischer und konventioneller Herkunft zu unterscheiden. Dafür sind weitere Untersuchungen sowohl an Proben definierter Herkunft als auch an Marktproben notwendig.
Das Projekt "Bewertung der Durchfuehrung von UVP-Verfahren" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: UVP-Gesellschaft für die Förderung der Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung.Ziel: Bewertung von UVP-Verfahren, insbesondere Effizienz. Fragestellungen: 1) Ueberpruefung der Qualitaet von UVS. 2) Einfluss der Qualitaet von UVS und der Beteiligungsmoeglichkeiten auf umweltverbessernde Projektmodifikationen. 3) Einfluss von (gesetzlichen) Massnahmen auf die Effizienz der UVP-Verfahren. Ergebnisse: Europaweit ist eine Qualitaetsverbesserung bei UVS erkennbar. Deutsche UVS sind auf einem vergleichsweise hohen Niveau. Die UVP bewirkt in allen Staaten Veraenderungen von Projektplanungen zu Gunsten der Umwelt. In Deutschland sind die meisten Massnahmen hingegen auf die naturschutzrechtliche Eingriffsregelung zurueckzufuehren. Der Einfluss der Fachbehoerden auf das Ergebnis ist in Deutschland und Grossbritannien groesser als in Spanien, wo die Oeffentlichkeit groesseren Einfluss nimmt.
Das Projekt "Identifizierung und Qualitaetskontrolle von Altchemikalien aus Schulchemiekabinetten zwecks Weiterverwendung" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Fachhochschule Darmstadt, Fachbereich Chemische Technologie.Es werden Vorschlaege gemacht, wie alte Chemikalien aus Schul-Chemiesammlungen recycliert, nach Qualitaetskontrolle weiterbenutzt oder fachgerecht entsorgt werden koennen. Durch geschickte Verlagerung der noetigen Arbeitsschritte in den Unterricht kann der Umweltschutz zum zusaetzlichen Lernziel in der Schule werden.
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