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Abbau von chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln in pflanzlichen Zellkulturen

Erstellung zuverlaessiger Schnelltests zur Erfassung gebundener Rueckstaende in Nahrungsmittel (pflanzliche Erzeugung).

Linking nutrient cycles, land use and biodiversity along an elevation gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro

To understand impacts of climate and land use changes on biodiversity and accompanying ecosystem stability and services at the Mt. Kilimanjaro, detailed understanding and description of the current biotic and abiotic controls on ecosystem C and nutrient fluxes are needed. Therefore, cycles of main nutrients and typomorph elements (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Si) will be quantitatively described on pedon and stand level scale depending on climate (altitude gradient) and land use (natural vs. agricultural ecosystems). Total and available pools of the elements will be quantified in litter and soils for 6 dominant (agro)ecosystems and related to soil greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, CH4). 13C and 15N tracers will be used at small plots for exact quantification of C and N fluxes by decomposition of plant residues (SP7), mineralization, nitrification, denitrification and incorporation into soil organic matter pools with various stability. 13C compound-specific isotope analyses in microbial biomarkers (13C-PLFA) will evaluate the changes of key biota as dependent on climate and land use. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and leaching losses of nutrients from the (agro)ecosystems and the increase of the losses by conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture will be evaluated and linked with changing vegetation diversity (SP4), vegetation biomass (SP2), decomposers community (SP7) and plant functional traits (SP5). Nutrient pools, turnover and fluxes will be linked with water cycle (SP2), CO2 and H2O vegetation exchange (SP2) allowing to describe ecosystem specific nutrient and water characteristics including the derivation of full GHG balances. Based on 60 plots screening stand level scale biogeochemical models will be tested, adapted and applied for simulation of key ecosystem processes along climate (SP1) and land use gradients.

Bienenschaeden und Rueckstaende in Bienenprodukten durch Pflanzenschutzmassnahmen im Obstbau

Es werden die Auswirkungen von Pflanzenschutz-Massnahmen waehrend der Obstbluete auf Bienen, Bienenbrut und Bienenprodukte in einem mehrjaehrigen Screening untersucht. Schwerpunkte bilden dabei der Einsatz von Fenoxycarb ('Insect Growth Regulator') und Streptomycin (Feuerbrand).

Bewertung des Einflusses von Emissionen und Rueckstaenden auf Umwelt und Gesundheit

Es steht im Interesse der Umweltforschung und Umwelterziehung Vorurteile ueber Belastungen durch Emissionen und Rueckstaende aus Braunkohlekraftwerken kritisch zu hintertragen und an einfachen Modell-Systemen Schad- und Nutzwirkungen von Kraftwerksreststoffen (Braunkohlenasche und Rauchgasgips) zu erfassen (Ziel). Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass bei einer richtigen Verwendung (Recycling) durchaus positive Wirkungen auf Umwelt und Gesundheit zu erwarten sind (Hypothese). Als Ergebnis ist festzustellen, dass mit einer Kombination von Braunkohlenasche und Rauchgasgips eine Verbesserung von sauren Boeden und des Pflanzenwachstums, sowie eine Behebung von Mangelsituationen an Spurenelementen (Bor, Selen, Molybdaen, u.a.) bei sachgerechter Anwendung moeglich ist (Ergebnis).

Rückstandsgehalte und Verteilung von subtherapeutischen Antibiotika in Feedlot-Böden

Feedlots sind v.a. in Nordamerika verbreitete Tierproduktionsbetriebe mit intensivster Freilandhaltung. Es wird vermutet, dass Feedlots Brennpunkte einer Umweltbelastung mit pharmazeutischen Antibiotika sind, da große Tierbestände gehalten werden, die regelmäßig Antibiotika erhalten. Es wurden Bodenproben von einer Grasland-Kontrolle sowie Boden- und Tierdung-Proben von Bodenprofilen eines gewerblichen und eines experimentellen Feedlots entnommen und analysiert. Rückstände der üblicherweise verwendeten Antibiotika Sulfamethazin, Chlortetracyclin und Tylosin wurden mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen in Dung, Boden und Wasser gefunden. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine nicht unerhebliche Persistenz, Tiefenverlagerung und insbesondere Oberflächenabfluss der Antibiotika Sulfamethazin und Chlortetracyclin hin.

Biogenic formation of non-extractable residues from pesticides in soil

During microbial turnover of organic chemicals in soil, non-extractable residues (NER) are formed frequently. Studies on NER formation usually performed with radioisotope labelled tracer compounds are limited to localisation and quantitative analyses but their chemical composition is left unknown. Recently, we could show for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and ibuprofen that during microbial turnover in soil nearly all NER were derived from microbial biomass, since degrading bacteria use the pollutant carbon for their biomass synthesis. Their cell debris is subsequently stabilised within soil organic matter (SOM) forming biogenic NER (bioNER). It is still unknown whether bioNER are also formed during biodegradation of other, structurally different compound classes of organic contaminants. Therefore, agricultural soil will be incubated with labelled compounds of five classes of commonly used and emerging pesticides: organophosphate, phenylurea, triazinone, benzothiadiazine and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid. The fate of the label will be monitored in both living and non-living SOM pools and the formation of bioNER will be quantified for each compound over extended periods of time. In addition, soil samples from long-term lysimeter studies with 14C-labelled pesticide residues (e.g. triazine, benzothiazole and phenoxypropionic acid group) will be also analysed for bioNER formation. The results will be summarised to identify the metabolic conditions of microorganisms needed for bioNER formation and to develop an extended concept of risk assessment including bioNER formation in soils.

Untersuchungen zum carry-over von Organochlor-Bioziden aus Futtermitteln in das Fleisch von Schlachttieren

Aufnahme kleiner Pestizidmengen aus dem Futter, Auswirkungen auf den Gesundheitszustand der Tiere, Speicherungsverhalten im Tierkoerper. Entnahme von Organ-, Depotfett- und Muskulaturproben und Feststellung der Rueckstandsgehalte mit Hilfe der Gaschromatographie. Ermittlung geeigneter Probeentnahmeorte am Schlachttierkoerper fuer die Beurteilung im Rahmen der Fleischbeschau; Einfluss der Rueckstandshoehe im Futtermittel auf Gehalte im Fleisch und Fett, Ermittlung pharmakokinetischer Verahltensweisen dieser Stoffe bei der Resorption, Deponierung und Eliminierung.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1315: Biogeochemische Grenzflächen in Böden; Biogeochemical Interfaces in Soil, Importance of soil organic carbon and mineral particle size fractions for the fate of soil supplied organic chemicals and their microbial transformations

The biogeochemical interface (BGI) in this project is defined as the organo-mineral surface of soil particles colonized by microorganisms. In the preceding project it was demonstrated that the different soil particle size fractions were associated with specifically structured microbial communities, a characteristic amount of soil organic carbon, and a specific capacity for adsorption of the organic chemicals phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol, respectively. While the diversity of the microbial community was responsive to fertilization-determined additional organic soil carbon in the larger particle size fractions, it was unaffected in clay. Stable isotope probing with 13C-labelled phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol revealed that the soil organic carbon in the BGIs also affected the diversity of microorganisms involved in the degradation of these chemicals. All these results are yet only based on studying one soil with three organic carbon variants (Bad Lauchstädt) and only two organic compounds. The objective of this 2nd phase project is to apply the innovative technology developed in the 1st phase for studying the BGI processes with soil organic carbon variants from another soil (Ultuna, SPP 1315 site) and with the chiralic anilide Fungicide metalaxyl as an additional compound. This 2nd phase SPP 1315 project will also, in a collaborative effort with two other SPP 1315 partners, investigate (1) the importance of BGIs for the entantio-selective degradation of metalaxyl and (2) the role of soil microorganisms in the formation of bound residues, respectively. Furthermore, the project will utilize stable isotope probing and next-generation DNA sequencing to link the structural and functional diversity of the microbial communities responsible for metabolism of organic chemicals in the different BGIs determined by particle size fractions and soil organic carbon variants.

COST-G GravIS RL02 Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomalies

GRACE/GRACE-FO Level-3 product based on COST-G RL02 Level-2B products (Dahle & Murböck, 2025) representing Ocean Bottom Pressure (OBP) variations provided at 1° latitude-longitude grids as defined over ocean areas. The OBP grids are provided in NetCDF format containing seven different variables: 1) 'barslv': gravity-based barystatic sea-level pressure 2) 'std_barslv': gravity-based barystatic sea-level pressure standard deviations 3) 'resobp': gravity-based residual ocean circulation bottom pressure 4) 'std_resobp': gravity-based residual ocean circulation bottom pressure standard deviations 5) 'leakage': apparent gravity-based bottom pressure due to continental leakage contained in 'resobp' 6) 'model_ocean': background-model ocean circulation pressure 7) 'model_atmosphere': background-model atmospheric surface pressure These Level-3 products are visualized at GFZ's web portal GravIS (https://gravis.gfz.de). --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Version History: 14 August 2025: Initial release of the data (Version 0001).

Seismic Phase Arrival Times of the 2015-2017 Pamir Earthquake Sequence

A sequence of three strong (MW 7.2–6.4) and several moderate (MW 4.4–5.7) earthquakes struck the Pamir Plateau and surrounding mountain ranges of Tajikistan, China, and Kyrgyzstan in 2015–2017. With a local seismic network in operation in the Xinjiang province of China since August 2015 (FDSN code 8H; Yuan et al., 2018a), an aftershock network on the Pamir Plateau of Tajikistan since February 2016 (FDSN code 9H; Yuan et al., 2018b), and additional permanent regional seismic stations (FDSN code TJ; PMP International, 2005; XJ network; SEISDMC, 2021), we were able to record the succession of the fore-, main-, and aftershock sequences at local distances with good azimuthal coverage. We here provide P and S body wave arrival times of the 11,784 relocated seismic events and additional arrival times of 18,011 seismic events that could not be located with precision. The ASCII QuakeML files (.xml; https://quake.ethz.ch/quakeml/QuakeML) consist of seismic arrival times, station and network codes, nominal arrival time uncertainties, localization residuals, and corresponding preliminary event locations. The ASCII NonLinLoc Hypocenter-Phase files (.hyp; http://alomax.free.fr/nlloc/ -> Formats -> NLLoc Hypocenter-Phase file) consist of seismic arrival times, station codes, nominal arrival time uncertainties, localization residuals, ray take-off angles and corresponding preliminary event locations.

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