The focus of this project is to analyse the observed surface freshwater fluxes through improved estimates of evaporation and precipitation and their individual error characteristics in the HOAPS climatology and its ground validation in climate-related hotspots of the Atlantic Ocean. To enable that in a consistent manner we propose to establish an error characterization of the HOAPS evaporation data by triple collocations with ship and buoy measurements and between individual satellites and to improve the error characterization of the HOAPS precipitation by analysing available shipboard disdrometer data using point to area statistics. After these improvements, an analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of the surface fresh water balance E-P over the Atlantic Ocean is planned, especially with respect to the Hadley circulation and the hotspot regions of interest to related WPs. Also the atmospheric water transport shall be analysed in order to find the source or target region of local fresh water imbalances. And finally, a consistent inter-comparison of the upcoming global ocean surface salinity fields from SMOS with freshwater fluxes from the HOAPS climatology is proposed.
Nach hamburgischem Landesrecht werden Veröffentlichungen durch Abdruck im Hamburgischen Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt vorgenommen. Rechtsverbindlich ist deshalb ausschließlich die gedruckte Ausgabe des Hamburgischen Gesetz- und Verordnungsblattes. Eine Inhaltssuche kann nur über die Internetseite der <a href="http://www.luewu.de/gvbl/">Firma Lütcke & Wulff</a> erfolgen.
Die Seite "Landesrecht online" bietet Ihnen die Möglichkeit, online in den Hamburger Rechtsvorschriften (Gesetze, Verordnungen etc.), den Entscheidungen der Hamburger Gerichte sowie in den schulrechtlichen Verwaltungsvorschriften zu recherchieren.
To overcome the limitation in spatial and temporal resolution of methane oceanic measurements, sensors are needed that can autonomously detect CH4-concentrations over longer periods of time. The proposed project is aimed at:- Designing molecular receptors for methane recognition (cryptophane-A and -111) and synthesizing new compounds allowing their introduction in polymeric structure (Task 1; LC, France); - Adapting, calibrating and validating the 2 available optical technologies, one of which serves as the reference sensor, for the in-situ detection and measurements of CH4 in the marine environments (Task 2 and 3; GET, LAAS-OSE, IOW) Boulart et al. (2008) showed that a polymeric filmchanges its bulk refractive index when methane docks on to cryptophane-A supra-molecules that are mixed in to the polymeric film. It is the occurrence of methane in solution, which changes either the refractive index measured with high resolution Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR; Chinowsky et al., 2003; Boulart et al, 2012b) or the transmitted power measured with differential fiber-optic refractometer (Boulart et al., 2012a; Aouba et al., 2012).- Using the developed sensors for the study of the CH4 cycle in relevant oceanic environment (the GODESS station in the Baltic Sea, Task 4 and 5; IOW, GET); GODESS registers a number of parameters with high temporal and vertical resolution by conducting up to 200 vertical profiles over 3 months deployment with a profiling platform hosting the sensor suite. - Quantifying methane fluxes to the atmosphere (Task 6); clearly, the current project, which aims at developing in-situ aqueous gas sensors, provides the technological tool to achieve the implementation of ocean observatories for CH4. The aim is to bring the fiber-optic methane sensor on the TRL (Technology Readiness Level) from their current Level 3 (Analytical and laboratory studies to validate analytical predictions) - to the Levels 5 and 6 (Component and/or basic sub-system technology validation in relevant sensing environments) and compare it to the SPR methane sensor, taken as the reference sensor (current TRL 5). This would lead to potential patent applications before further tests and commercialization. This will be achieved by the ensemble competences and contributions from the proposed consortium in this project.
The sorption of anions in geotechnical multibarrier systems of planned high level waste repositories (HLWR) and of non-ionic and organic pollutants in conventional waste disposals are in the center of recent research. In aquatic systems, persistent radionuclides such as 79Se, 99Tc, 129I exist in a form of anions. There is strongly increasing need to find materials with high sorption capacities for such pollutants. Specific requirements on barrier materials are long-term stability of adsorbent under various conditions such as T > 100 C, varying hydrostatic pressure, and the presence of competing ions. Organo-clays are capable to sorb high amounts of cations, anions and non-polar molecules simultaneously having selectivity for certain ions. This project is proposed to improve the understanding of sorption and desorption processes in organo-clays. Additionally, the modification of material properties under varying chemical and thermal conditions will be determined by performing diffusion and advection experiments. Changes by sorption and diffusion will be analyzed by determining surface charge and contact angles. Molecular simulations on models of organo-clays will be conducted in an accord with experiments with aim to understand and analyze experimental results. The computational part of the project will profit from the collaboration of German partner with the group in Vienna, which has a long standing experience in a modeling of clay minerals.
Water, carbon and nitrogen are key elements in all ecosystem turnover processes and they are related to a variety of environmental problems, including eutrophication, greenhouse gas emissions or carbon sequestration. An in-depth knowledge of the interaction of water, carbon and nitrogen on the landscape scale is required to improve land use and management while at the same time mitigating environmental impact. This is even more important under the light of future climate and land use changes.In the frame of the proposal 'Uncertainty of predicted hydro-biogeochemical fluxes and trace gas emissions on the landscape scale under climate and land use change' we advocate the development of fully coupled, process-oriented models that explicitly simulate the dynamic interaction of water, carbon and nitrogen turnover processes on the landscape scale. We will use the Catchment Modelling Framework CMF, a modular toolbox to implement and test hypothesis of hydrologic behaviour and couple this to the biogeochemical LandscapeDNDC model, a process-based dynamic model for the simulation of greenhouse gas emissions from soils and their associated turnover processes.Due to the intrinsic complexity of the models in use, the predictive uncertainty of the coupled models is unknown. This predictive (global) uncertainty is composed of stochastic and structural components. Stochastic uncertainty results from errors in parameter estimation, poorly known initial states of the model, mismatching boundary conditions or inaccuracies in model input and validation data. Structural uncertainty is related to the flawed or simplified description of natural processes in a model.The objective of this proposal is therefore to quantify the global uncertainty of the coupled hydro-biogeochemical models and investigate the uncertainty chain from parameter uncertainty over forcing data uncertainty up the structural model uncertainty be setting up different combinations of CMF and LandscapeDNDC. A comprehensive work program has been developed structured in 4 work packages, that consist of (1) model set up, calibration and uncertainty assessment on site scale followed by (2) an application and uncertainty assessment of the coupled model structures on regional scale, (3) global change scenario analyses and finally (4) evaluating model results in an ensemble fashion.Last but not least, a further motivation of this proposal is to provide project results in a manner that they support planning and decision taking under uncertainty, as this proposal is part of the package proposal on 'Methodologies for dealing with uncertainties in landscape planning and related modelling'.
Das neue, multiphasenfähige TDLAS-Hygrometer HAI hat in den vergangenen vier Jahren in zahlreichen wissenschaftlichen Missionen (TACTS/ ESMVAL/ ML-CIRRUS/ ACRIDICON), Instrumentenvergleichen und sorgfältigen metrologischen Vergleichen seine einzigartigen Fähigkeiten unter Beweis gestellt. Während ML-CIRRUS wurden mit HAI erstmals mit einem einzigen Instrument und mit einzigartiger Zeitauflösung (120 Hz) ein simultaner Nachweis von Gesamt- (Eis+Gas) und Gasphasenwasser auf einem Flugzeug demonstriert. Während Acridicon-Chuva wurde in einer weiteren neuen Konfiguration erstmals der simultane Gasphasennachweis mit einer extraktiven und einer sampling-freien Open-path-Zelle erfolgreich realisiert und zur Untersuchung probennahme-bedingter Messunsicherheiten genutzt. HAI weist bis heute bei über 300 Flugstunden und über 300.000 Flugkilometer auf HALO eine nahezu 100%ige Zuverlässigkeit auf. Auch wurde mit HAI erstmals ein Flugzeughygrometer erfolgreich sowohl einem strengen Vergleich mit dem Primärfeuchtenormal der PTB, als auch (in AQUAVIT II) einem umfangreichen Vergleich mit nahezu allen wichtigen Flugzeughygrometern unterzogen. HAI hat damit erstmals eine metrologisch genau bekannte Absolutgenauigkeit und erlaubt darüber hinaus eine bisher noch nie realisierte Skalenverknüpfung zwischen Metrologie und Meteorologie, die alle HAI-Flugmissionen und die AQUAVIT-Vergleichskampagne mit der metrologisch definierten deutschen Feuchteskala verbindet und auf sie zurückführt. Der hier gestellte HAI-POLWISE-Antrag zielt darauf, den Einsatz des HAI-Hygrometers auch für die beiden kommenden HALO-Missionen POLSTRACC und WISE zu ermöglichen, und so hoch-genaue und räumlich sehr hoch aufgelöste Messungen des atmosphärischen Gasphasenwasser gehaltes, als auch die genaue und schnelle Bestimmung der relativen Luftfeuchte, zweier Schlüsselparameter der beiden Zielmissionen, zu ermöglichen. Das Projekt zielt auch darauf HAI weiter zu entwickeln und insbesondere eine schnellere Datenauswertung zu ermöglichen. HAI kann derzeit als ein Schlüsselinstrument von HALO angesehen werden, da viele essentielle wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen direkt mit einem besseren Verständnis der raumzeitlichen Dynamik der Wasserdampfverteilung in der UTLS verknüpft sind, und nur HAI, dank der 120 Hz Messfrequenz, auch bei Reisegeschwindigkeiten von 800km/h noch eine räumliche Auflösung von bis zu 30 cm ermöglicht, was eine Vielzahl neuartiger Studien erlaubt.
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