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Distribution and concentration of nutrients, carbon compounds and methane in water samples in the southern German Bight (North Sea) in February 2025 , during MOSES Sternfahrt 13

Previous Sternfahrten were mainly conducted in spring and summer. To cover the seasonal aspects more thoroughly, including a winter situation, Sternfahrt 13 was conducted in February 2025 (10–12 February). We used the RV Heincke (cruise HE653/2) instead of the RV Uthörn. The Heincke's draught is greater, so we could not reach all of our previous stations. Surface and bottom water samples were taken with a rosette; in the event of stratification in the water column, an additional sample was taken from the middle.

Bebauungsplaene Gersheim/Bliesdalheim - Zum Rech 1. Änderung (OT Bliesdalheim)

Bebauungspläne und Umringe der Gemeinde Gersheim (Saarland), Ortsteil Bliesdalheim:Bebauungsplan "Zum Rech 1. Änderung (OT Bliesdalheim)" der Gemeinde Gersheim, Ortsteil Bliesdalheim

An integrated multiple driver mesocosm experiment reveals the effect of global change on planktonic food web structure

We conducted a mesocosm experiment with an integrated multiple driver design to assess the impact of future global change scenarios on plankton, a key component of marine food webs. The experimental treatments were based on the RCP 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios developed by the IPCC, which were Extended (ERCP) to integrate the future predicted changing nutrient inputs into coastal waters. The mesocosm experiment was conducted over three weeks in late-summer (August-September) 2018. Seawater containing a natural plankton community was collected from the coastal North Sea. At the onset of the experiment, CO2 saturated seawater was added to the ERCP scenario mesocosms to adjust pCO2 and pH levels for each scenario. To create a realistic environment, we also manipulated the atmospheric pCO2 in the enclosed mesocosm tanks throughout the experiment. Seawater temperature was adjusted daily according to the current North Sea temperature measured at the Helgoland Roads for the Ambient, and 1.5°C and 3.0°C warmer for the ERCP 6.0 and ERCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. Dissolved nutrient concentrations were determined at the onset of the experiment and adjusted to reach the desired N:P ratios. Samples were taken in an interval of 1-3 days depending on the phytoplankton bloom development, and community composition, except for the large mesozooplankton, was monitored throughout the experiment period.

EU Climate Policy Tracker

The EU Climate Policy Tracker (EU CPT) presents up-to-date developments in climate and energy policies in the EU-27. Although government policy is the single most influential driver behind the fight against climate change, there is limited information about the status of the policies that influence increases or decreases in emissions. The EU Climate Policy Tracker (EU CPT) is intended to bridge this gap. The project holds two references in focus at the same time: a 2050 goal of near total decarbonisation, and our current policy trajectory. A uniquely developed scoring method, modelled on appliance efficiency labels (A-G), gives an indication of how Member States are doing compared to a low-carbon policy package. This results in aggregated scores, supported with a rich background of information, for all Member States, at EU level, and for different economic sectors. The project is intended to be a resource for those seeking information, a means of sharing best practice, and a way of holding policymakers to account. In 2011 we updated our initial rating from November 2010. The findings of 2010 showed that the average score across the EU was an E, indicating that the level of effort needed to treble to be on track to reach the 2050 vision. Looking at the developments in 2011, we can see that there has been considerable activity in many countries, though the overall scoring has generally remained constant: positive actions are counteracted by negative developments or budget cuts. The EU CPT is a joint project by Ecofys and WWF. The project is funded by the European Climate Foundation. Visit the EU Climate Policy Tracker on: www.climatepolicytracker.eu.

Ressortforschungsplan 2024, Beyond Life Apex - Systematische Nutzung von Monitoringdaten im Chemikalienmanagement zur Belastung und Anreicherung von Stoffen in Spitzenprädatoren, Beutetieren und Umgebungsmedien

Anknüpfung an das EU LIFE APEX Projekt mit dem Fokus auf systematischer Nutzung von Monitoringdaten zur effizienten Ermittlung regulatorisch belastbarer Daten für die Identifizierung prioritärer Stoffe und zur Aufdeckung blinder Flecken in der Umweltbewertung. Mittels modernster Analytik sollen regulierungsbedürftige Chemikalien in terrestrischen und aquatischen Nahrungsnetzten identifiziert und ein Konzept und Leitfaden entwickelt werden, wie solche Monitoringdaten systematischer unter REACH u.a. Vollzügen genutzt werden können. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf anreichernden Stoffen, die mit etablierten Methoden der Bioakkumulationsbewertung nicht erfasst werden, beispielsweise sehr hydrophobe Stoffe oder solche die verstärkt in Luftatmern anreichern aber nicht in Fischen. Die Daten werden in Europäische Datenbanken (NORMAN/ IPCHEM) eingespeist, mit laufenden EU Projekten (z.B. PARC) vernetzt und unterstützen laufende Arbeiten aller Vollzüge sowie zur Bodenstrategie 2030.

First-principles kinetic modeling for solar hydrogen production

The development of sustainable and efficient energy conversion processes at interfaces is at the center of the rapidly growing field of basic energy science. How successful this challenge can be addressed will ultimately depend on the acquired degree of molecular-level understanding. In this respect, the severe knowledge gap in electro- or photocatalytic conversions compared to corresponding thermal processes in heterogeneous catalysis is staggering. This discrepancy is most blatant in the present status of predictive-quality, viz. first-principles based modelling in the two fields, which largely owes to multifactorial methodological issues connected with the treatment of the electrochemical environment and the description of the surface redox chemistry driven by the photo-excited charges or external potentials.Successfully tackling these complexities will advance modelling methodology in (photo)electrocatalysis to a similar level as already established in heterogeneous catalysis, with an impact that likely even supersedes the one seen there in the last decade. A corresponding method development is the core objective of the present proposal, with particular emphasis on numerically efficient approaches that will ultimately allow to reach comprehensive microkinetic formulations. Synergistically combining the methodological expertise of the two participating groups we specifically aim to implement and advance implicit and mixed implicit/explicit solvation models, as well as QM/MM approaches to describe energy-related processes at solid-liquid interfaces. With the clear objective to develop general-purpose methodology we will illustrate their use with applications to hydrogen generation through water splitting. Disentangling the electro- resp. photocatalytic effect with respect to the corresponding dark reaction, this concerns both the hydrogen evolution reaction at metal electrodes like Pt and direct water splitting at oxide photocatalysts like TiO2. Through this we expect to arrive at a detailed mechanistic understanding that will culminate in the formulation of comprehensive microkinetic models of the light- or potential-driven redox process. Evaluating these models with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations will unambiguously identify the rate-determining and overpotential-creating steps and therewith provide the basis for a rational optimization of the overall process. As such our study will provide a key example of how systematic method development in computational approaches to basic energy sciences leads to breakthrough progress and serves both fundamental understanding and cutting-edge application.

High Elevation Treeline Research

If one considers the high elevation treeline as a global phenomenon, many local drivers, which dominated the debate in the past, become less significant, they become modulators of a more fundamental, common cause. Our working hypothesis is that the major driver of treeline formation is the ability to form new structures, rather than the provision of raw materials for these structures. In other words, we suggest that the treeline is a sink (growth) rather then a source (photosynthesis) driven phenomenon, with temperature representing the single most important determinant. We do not question the influence of other factors, but we consider them to represent a suite of regional peculiarities, which may affect the actual position by not more then 100 m in elevation. A detailed discussion of the treeline issue can be found in: Our activities go in several directions. They include treering studies across the treeline ecotone (see ref. below), microclimate measurements at various latitudes and an assessment of the carbohydrate supply status at the tree limit. The worldwide treeline temperature assessment nears its end by 2001, when year-round data from ca. 30 different treeline sites around the globe will be available. As a standard procedure we measure root-zone temperature at 10 cm depth in the shade of tree crowns at the treeline using Tidbit (Onset Corp.) data loggers. Currently available data from 90 % of the stations average at seasonal mean ground temperatures of ca 6.5 C, with very little site to site variation, irrespective of latitude (minimum of 5.5 C on Mexican volcanos at 4000 m and maximum at some maritime temperate zone treelines of ca 7.5 C). The seasonal mean proved to be a better predictor of treeline position than warmest month temperatures or a suite of thermal sums tested. There are regions with no suitable treeline taxa where natural treelines occure at lower elevations (higher temperatures; e.g. Hawaii). In a work on carbohydrate pools we compare treelines in Mexico, the central Alps and in N-Sweden (Abisko). We see no decline of reserves as one approaches the existential limit of trees, in fact, carbohydrate and lipid stores reach a maximum at tree limit. Thus, it seems unlikely that carbon limitation is a cause of treeline formation.

Die Rolle des Kaliumtransports in Reis für eine nachhaltige Ertragssicherung

Getreide im Allgemeinen und Reis im Besonderen sind die Hauptnahrungsquelle einer stetig wachsende Weltbevölkerung. Viele dieser Kulturen werden auf intensiv genutzten Feldern angebaut, denen regelmäßig Bodennährstoffe durch Düngung zugefügt werden müssen. Aufgrund der hohen Kosten und des Energiebedarfs, ist es notwendig zukünftig den Einsatz von Düngemittel zu beschränken und eine nachhaltigere Form der Landwirtschaft zu etablieren. Kulturpflanzen, die Nährstoffe effizienter als die derzeit verfügbaren Linien nutzen, können dazu beitragen, diese Ziele zu erreichen. Kalium (K+) ist der wichtigste kationische Nährstoff und sein Transport wurde intensiv an der Modellpflanze Arabidopsis untersucht. Über die Transportproteine, welche die K+ -Flüsse in Getreide bewirken, ist jedoch wenig bekannt. Unsere vorherige Studie hat wichtige Unterschiede in der Gewebelokalisierung und den Aktivierungsmechanismen von K+ -Effluxkanälen zwischen Reispflanzen und Arabidopsis gezeigt. Im vorgeschlagenen Projekt konzentrieren wir uns auf K+ -Effluxkanäle des Shaker-Typs und der HAK/KUP K+-Transporterfamilie, die den Kaliumtransport in Reispflanzen von der Wurzel zum Spross und innerhalb der Stoma-Komplexe der Blätter ermöglichen. Wir werden die Zelltypen identifizieren, welche die ausgewählten K+-Transportproteine exprimieren und Reispflanzen erzeugen, denen funktionelle Versionen dieser Proteine fehlen. Diese transgenen Linien werden bezüglich des Wachstums, Wasserverbrauchs und der Ertragsausbeute mit Wildtyp-Reispflanzen unter Gewächshaus- und Freilandbedingungen verglichen. Darüber hinaus werden wir die K+ -Effluxkanäle und -Transporter von Reis in Arabidopsis-Schließzellen und Xenopus-Oozyten exprimieren, um ihre biophysikalischen Eigenschaften wie Ionenselektivität und spannungsabhängige Aktivierung zu charakterisieren. Im Zentrum unserer Aufmerksamkeit steht die Rolle der ausgewählten K+-Kanäle und -Transporter im Xylem und bei der Stoma-Bewegung. Wir werden fluoreszenzmarkierte K+-Kanäle und Transporter verwenden, um zu untersuchen, ob die Transportproteine eine polare subzelluläre Lokalisation aufweisen. Zudem wird die Funktion dieser Transporter mit Einzelzellentechniken untersucht, bei denen ionenselektive Elektroden zum Einsatz kommen. Unsere Studie soll Einblicke zur spezifischen Rolle der K+ -Effluxkanälen und -Transportern auf zellulärer Ebene gewinnen und deren Bedeutung für das Wachstums der Reispflanzen unter Freilandbedingungen aufklären. Dieses Wissen wird für die Züchtung von Reissorten, die mit einem geringeren Bedarf an K+ -Dünger, bei gleichzeitiger Aufrechterhaltung eines guten Nährstoffgehaltes, von großer Bedeutung sein. Nutzpflanzen mit solchen optimierten Eigenschaften werden wichtig sein, um eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft und unseren zukünftigen Nahrungsmittelbedarf sicherzustellen.

Bebauungsplaene Saarlouis/Beaumarais - Am Rech Nr.64_0

Bebauungspläne und Umringe der Kreisstadt Saarlouis (Saarland) Stadtteil Beaumarais:Bebauungsplan "Am Rech Nr.64_0" der Kreisstadt Saarlouis, Stadtteil Beaumarais

Bebauungsplaene Gersheim/Bliesdalheim - Zum Rech

Bebauungspläne und Umringe der Gemeinde Gersheim (Saarland), Ortsteil Bliesdalheim:Bebauungsplan "Zum Rech" der Gemeinde Gersheim, Ortsteil Bliesdalheim

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