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Objective: The main objective of the proposed Network of Excellence (NoE) DER-Lab is to support the sustainable integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and distributed energy resources (DER) in the electricity supply by developing common requirements, quality criteria, as well as proposing test and certification procedures concerning connection, safety, operation and communication of DER-components and systems. DER-Lab intends to strengthen the EC domestic market and to protect European interests on the international standardisation level. A major objective is to establish a durable European DER-Lab Network that will be a world player in this field. The NoE will bring together a group of organisations for the development of certification procedures for DER- components for electricity grids. The NoE will act as a platform to exchange the current state of knowledge between the different European institutes and other groups. The scattered, but high quality research and test facilities will be combined with great benefit for the European research infrastructure DER-Lab will contribute by developing new concepts for control and supervision of electricity supply and distribution and will bundle at European level specific aspects concerning the integration of RES technologies. The absence of European and international standards for the quality and certification of components and systems for DER is a hindrance to the growth of the European market and for European penetration of the world market. It is within the aims of the proposed NoE to reduce these barriers and to work towards common certification procedures for DER components that will be accepted throughout Europe and the world. Obviously this work cannot be done on a national basis. The results of the project and afterwards the output of the network will be a significant contribution to the European standardisation activities and will contribute to the harmonisation of the different national standards.
Objective: The overall objective of the FlameSOFC project is the development of an innovative SOFC-based micro-CHP system capable to operate with different fuels and fulfilling all technological and market requirements at a European level. The main focus concerning t he multi-fuel flexibility lies on different natural gas qualities and LPG, but also on liquid fuels (diesel like heating oil, industrial gas oil IGO and renewables like FAME). The target nominal net electrical output is 2 kWel (stack electrical output ca. 2,5 kW), which is expected to represent the future mainstream high volume mass market for micro-CHPs. An advanced planar, compact SOFC-stack will be developed and combined with an innovative, compact and robust fuel processor, which will be able to process many different fuels without catalytic components, thus enabling the potential for a long lifetime of greater than 30.000 h. A simple, highly integrated and reliable system design will result via the integration of advanced peripheral components like the advanced T hermal Partial Oxidation reformer (T-POX), the multi-purpose off-gas burner, the compact heat exchangers, the cool flame vaporizer and the soot trap. Advanced control strategies will assure an optimal integration in an electrical network environment. The o verall efficiency targets are greater than 35 percent net electrical efficiency and greater than 90 percent total CHP efficiency, which will result in 2 tons of annual CO2 reduction per unit (compared to the combination of a condensing boiler and European electricity mix). The SOFC fuel cell technology will be applied because it is less sensitive to impurities and variations in the fuel composition than other fuel cell systems and has a better cost reduction potential than other fuel cell types. The high temperature level of the SOFC tec hnology gives also a better integration potential in co- or tri-generation applications. The main target application is a micro CHP system for single or two-family residential homes with electrical grid connection.
Objective: The project HOPE is addressing power electronics. It is based on previous EU research projects like the recently finished FW5 HIMRATE (high-temperature power modules), FW5 PROCURE (high-temperature passive components), and MEDEA+ HOTCAR (high-temperature control electronics) and other EU and national research projects. The general objectives of HOPE are: Cost reduction; meet reliability requirements; reduction of volume and weight. This is a necessity to bring the FC- and ICE-hybrid vehicles to success. WP1 defines specifications common to OEM for FC- and ICE-hybrid vehicle drive systems; Identification of common key parameters (power, voltage, size) that allows consequent standardisation; developing a scalability matrix for power electronic building blocks PEBBs. The power ranges will be much higher than those of e.g. HIMRATE and will go beyond 100 kW electric power. WP2 works out one reference mission profile, which will be taken as the basis for the very extensive reliability tests planned. WP3 is investigating key technologies for PEBBs in every respect: materials, components (active Si- and SiC switches, passive devices, sensors), new solders and alternative joinings, cooling, and EMI shielding. In WP4 three PEBBs will be developed: HDPM (high density power module) which is based on double side liquid cooling of the power semiconductor devices; IML (power mechatronics module), which is based on a lead-frame technology; and SiC-PEBB inverter (silicon carbide semiconductor JFET devices instead of Si devices). WP5 develops a control unit for high-temperature control electronics for the SiC-PEBBs. Finally WP6 works on integrating the new technologies invented in HOPE into powertrain systems and carries out a benchmark tests. All the results achieved in HOPE will be discussed intensively with the proposed Integrated Project HYSIS where the integration work will take place. It is clear from the start that many innovations are necessary to meet the overall goal.
Objective: Background: There are seven projects running which are supported by the European Commission under FP5 dealing with the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Distributed Generation (DG). This cluster represents a total budget of about 35 million? More than 100 participating institutions from research, industry and the utility sector are contributing. Proposed Actions: The subject of the proposed CA is to extend the existing cluster activities in such a way that a real European added value by mobilising research will be obtained as a major contribution to the ERA. This extension will be realized by the inclusion of forthcoming projects supported by FP6 by national and regional activities. 1. A systematic exchange of information by improving links to relevant research, to regulatory bodies and to policies and schemes on the European, the national, the regional and the international level. 2. Set-up of strategic actions such as trans-national co-operation, the organization and a co-ordination of common initiatives on standards, testing procedures and the establishment of common education. 3. Identification of the highest priority research topics in the field of integration and formation of appropriate realization schemes. a) The establishment of an expert-group covering important cross-cutting areas such as power-quality, ICT/IST, laboratory experiments est.) The formation of a group of contact persons to national, regional and international policy). Set-up of a full data- and information-exchange system with links to national, regional and international information systems).
Innovative decision making for sustainable management of water aims at providing tools needed if any integrated and participatory management of water should be carried out. Management refers in this context to its core element, the decision making process (DMP). Focusing at water supply and sanitation (as there the need is paramount), DIM-SUM will carry out one case study in one river basin in each participating partner country: Indonesia, Maharashtra-India, Malaysia and Nepal in order to evaluate and develop these tools.
Objective: Problems to be solved: The project will contribute to the abatement of water pollution from contaminated lands, landfills and sediments. With its capacity of on-line and real-time measurement of pollutants, measurement techniques that are not available at the moment, the proposed sensor is a valuable tool for landfill monitoring, risk assessment and control of remediation efficiency. It can, for example, improve the 'use' of natural attenuation as a remediation technique. Natural attenuation, i.e. leaving remediation to natural processes without applying costly techniques, is based on the observation that there is a decrease in the contaminant concentrations which limits the extent of the contaminant plume. The key disadvantage of natural attenuation is the need to ensure that the contamination does not propagate further. The proposed sensors, placed in the vicinity of the plume may serve as a cost effective and reliable alert network. Possible emerging economic possibilities for waste disposal should strengthen EU industrial competitiveness. This is of special importance for the EU with its densely populated production sites. Scientific objectives and approach: The project aims at monitoring of soil and water for landfill related contamination by an in-situ monitoring for soil and water by infrared sensing. A portable and rugged system will be developed that will allow sensor elements to be inserted and left in soil locations under the ground for long term monitoring of organic pollutants. The concept of a buried sensor gives the opportunity to continuously monitor organic pollutants without sampling errors. Since it is important to monitor pollutants over a long period of time, the sensor system will be optimised with regard to long term stability. Expected impacts: The IMSIS sensor concept is novel for landfill monitoring, its central objective is to open new possibilities for continuous monitoring and control. For this reason it is one objective of the project to investigate and evaluate the need of end users with respect to sensor applications. Mid IR spectroscopic measurements are widely used for the analysis of samples placed inside spectrometers. This project is involved in the development and use of IR optical fibres for absorption measurements on remote locations. The development of this remote spectroscopy is on one hand an innovation with respect to real time analytical measurements inside landfills, on the other hand it opens the field of all kind of IR remote sensing applications e.g. in process control or measurements in explosion endangered environments. Within the project, there will be a development of short segments of tapered and flattened fibres which will serve as sensor elements in the sensor head. Tapering of fibres to increase sensitivity is a well-known technique in the UV and visible wavelength range. Tapering of MIR fibres is a completely new and demanding task since IR transmitting materials are difficult t
Objective/Problems to be solved: BEAM addresses the risk assessment of chemical mixtures resulting from the joint occurrence of environmental pollutants. Despite extensive research into this field current procedures for the prospective or retrospective assessment of chemical risks still focus on single pure toxicants. The incorporation of existing scientific evidences on the predictability of combination effects into regulatory strategies is hampered by two crucial gaps: - There is too little knowledge available at the stage of risk assessment on how to use existing toxicity information for single substances in order to account for expectable combination effects. - There is a lack of environmental realism in the existing scientific approaches to the assessment of mixture toxicities regarding both, the types of mixtures actually occurring and the suitability of methods for the purpose of a routine assessment. - BEAM seeks to bridge both gaps. Thereby a sound basis for the inclusion of mixture toxicity assessments into EU-regulations (e.g. Water Framework Directive) shall be provided. Scientific objectives and approach. The objectives of BEAM are:- to achieve more environmental realism in the scientific hazard assessment of complex exposure situations, - to provide new tools for mixture toxicity assessment, - to explore the options for implementation of predictive mixture toxicity assessment into regulation. In an interdisciplinary effort BEAM will use expertise and methods from biometry, chemometry, analytical chemistry, experimental ecotoxicity research, mixture pharmacology and regulatory toxicology. BEAM will deliver: - a compilation of available and optional strategies in regulating risks from mixtures of toxicants, - validated biotests, chemometrical and biometrical instruments that allow the identification and prediction of mixture toxicities, - a protocol together with technically guiding documentation that allows the derivation of water quality targets for toxicant mixtures on the basis of toxicity information for the single components. Experts from European policy, regulatory advisors, and chemical industries will join a consulting group and participate in the development of implementation strategies. Expected impacts: The exploitation of BEAM results will allow to implement mixture toxicity assessment into EU regulations, ensuring better pollution management of water resources and the sustainable use of water bodies. This will indirectly improve quality of life, health and safety. BEAM will increase EU-competitiveness, knowledge and skills in the field of environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures. The participation of a stakeholders consulting group will ensure the effectiveness of the exploitation process.
Objective/Problems to be solved: Long-term water pollution from abandoned mines and associated industrial sites is a significant problem in many EU Member States and Candidate States. Recent developments of 'passive', ecologically-friendly in-situ remedial methods for such pollution, including subsurface reactive barriers and various forms of wetland, have hitherto developed in an uncoordinated manner. PIRAMID aims to draw these developments together, and to foster further innovations to make the technology applicable to a wider variety of abandoned mine waters. Guidelines for the practical use of the technology will be drawn up and widely disseminated. In this way PIRAMID will assist in the implementation of the Water Framework Directive. Scientific objectives and approach: - Assemble a European database of experiences with passive in situ remediation of acidic mine/industrial drainage, covering both surface and subsurface passive in-site remediation (PIR) systems, - Develop process based models of PIR system performance to support improvement of future designs, - Critically evaluate the potential application of PIR in areas of Europe which still do not have the technology. - Test in lab and field novel approaches to PIR, for other specific contaminants and using novel substrate, - Develop engineering guidelines for PIR application at new sites throughout the EU Expected impacts: - Rendering feasible remediation projects that would not otherwise have been undertaken, - Development of environmentally-friendly remedial measures which can make a contribution to the practical implementation of the Water Framework Directive, - Assist Candidate States in attaining environmental quality in line with EU requirements, - Developments of PIR technology which will be applicable in future to other pollutants, such as nutrients or man-made organic compounds. Prime Contractor: University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Department of Civil Engineering, Division of Water Resource Systems Research Unit; Newcastle Upon Tyne/UK.
Objective: To prove the economic viability of using landfill gas for generating electricity by means of a newly developed 240 KW output turbo-charged engine, turbocharged engines, their size suited to the offered amounts of gas. General Information: The gas arising in the landfill sites located in Wangen-Obermooweiler , Maulbronn-Zaisersweiher and Eberstadt (Heilbronn) is being used for the generation of electricity. The project will provide experience of life time and possible kinds of operation of the used engines with the special view to the influence of the quality of the used gas. In this point an interesting aspect is the operation mode as function of methan content and concentration of pollutants. An additional factor are measures taken to conform to the limit values for exhaust gas prescribed in the 'Technical Instructions, Air' (Technische Anleitung zur Reinhaltung der Luft or TA Luft). This entered force in the Federal Republic of Germany on February, 26th 1986 and prescribes the following limits for nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases of plants with combustion engines with a firing heat output greater than 1 MW (300 KWel for unit-type power plants): NOx smaller than500 mg/Nm3 CO smaller than650 mg/Nm3 Achievements: Wangen-Obermooweiler: the output of the installed unit-type power plant is about 265 kW. The plant was set in operation in December 1986. After difficulties in the testing phase the plant is now operating without remarkable problems. The average availability of the plant is more than 85 per cent. Maulbronn-Zaisersweiher: the output of the installed unit-type power plant is 212 kW. The plant was set in operation in may 1987. Due to the little number of working hours and that there are still problems with the gas delivering system it is not possible to give detailed information of this plant. Eberstadt: the output of the installed unit-type power plant is 430 kW. The plant was set in operation in November 1986. The average availability is more than 85 per cent. It is planned to install another plant for the delivering amount of gas is sufficient for more than one plant.
General Information: The proportion of exergy in the coolant heat of internal combustion engines is too small (approx. 4 per cent of the primary energy) because the coolant temperature is quite low (about 80 degrees c). By contrast, the exergy in the exhaust gases amounts, (when they are cooled from 560 degrees c to 180 degrees c), to some 12 per cent of the primary energy. The aim of this study is to convert exhaust heat of internal combustion engines into mechanical energy and to transfer it to the crankshaft in order to improve the effective engine efficiency. For diesel engines this may improve the overall efficiency from 40 per cent to about 50 per cent. In this study a bottoming cycle unit for a turbocharged 6-cylinder diesel engine installed in a long-haul truck (207 kw at 2000 rpm) was developed, constructed and tested. To this end, different working fluids were compared. A test rig was used to measure, test and refine the system for use. The choice of the working fluid fell ultimately on steam. (the organic rankine cycle technology requires, compared to a steam process, a higher capital investment due to much greater heat-exchanger surfaces, the expensive working fluid and the safety precautions required if the working medium has an inflammable or toxic behaviour). A radial turbine was chosen, while the other components of the rankine engine were selected according to conventional practice. A gear box was used to connect the bottoming engine with the diesel engine (lubrication problems of the gear box have been solved). At the design point, the speed of the turbine was 100,000 rpm and its useful power approx. 19.4 kw. The steam is heated with waste heat of 590 degrees c, is expanded and cooled down to 110 degrees c. The resulting high speed of the turbine shaft and the high temperatures did not permit the use of contact seals. The amount of sealing air demands a larger compressed air tank for the vehicles brake system. Furthermore, the leakage of the sealing steam had to be supplemented by treated boiler feed water. The bottoming cycle components (water treatment plant and larger compressed air tank) could not be accommodated on the truck without sacrificing some of the payload capacity. Therefore, this version of exhaust gas utilisation (given the present price of diesel fuel and the relatively small distances travelled per year in Europe) is uneconomical.
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