The proposed project examines the nematode fauna at the two field experiments 'Long-term recalcitrant C input' and 'Carbon flow via the herbivore and detrital food chain'. A gradient from resource rich to deeper oligotrophe habitats, i.e. from high to low diverse food webs, is investigated. The impact of resource availability and quality (recalcitrant versus labile) and presence or absence of living plants (rhizosphere versus detritusphere) on the nematode population are assessed. Insight into micro-food web structure is gained by application of the nematode faunal analysis concept, based on the enrichment, structure and channel index. In laboratory model systems carbon flux rates for food web links are determined between bacteria/fungi and their nematode grazers for dominant taxa in the arable field. Further, carbon leakage from plant roots induced by herbivore nematode is studied as link between root and bacterial energy channels. By using 13C/12C stable isotope probing (FA-SIP) fatty acids serve as major carbon currency. Coupling qualitative and quantitative data on nematode field populations, with carbon flow via biomarker fatty acids in microorganisms and grazers will allow to connect microbial and faunal food web, and to directly link nematode functional groups with specific processes in the soil carbon cycle.
Spurenelemente in sedimentären Abfolgen können sowohl positive als auch negative Aspekte haben. Positive Aspekte haben Spurenelements, weil (1) ihre Konzentrationsmuster als Proxies für die Rekonstruktion der Umweltbedingungen zum Zeitpunkt der Ablagerung verwendet werden können, (2) sie Informationen über diagenetische Prozesse liefern können und (3) sie abgebaut werden können, um den strategischen Mineralbedarf zu decken. Andererseits können sie aufgrund der Wasser-Gestein-Wechselwirkung in das Grundwasser gelangen, wo sie sich nachteilig auf die betrieblichen und gesundheitlichen Aspekte dieser kritischen Ressource auswirken. Wir wissen erstaunlich wenig über die beiden Spurenelemente As und Mo in karbonatischen Sedimenten. Dies erscheint überraschend, da Karbonate zu den am häufigsten vorkommenden Sedimentgesteinstypen gehören und As und Mo Elemente von erheblichem ökologischen und wissenschaftlichen Interesse sind. Um unser Verständnis zu verbessern, wird das übergeordnete Ziel der vorgeschlagenen Studie sein, die diagenetische Geschichte und die damit einhergehende Umverteilung von As und Mo in der Karbonatmatrix eines Grundwasserleiters zu entschlüsseln. Die Kombination dieser Informationen mit detaillierten mineralogischen Beobachtungen wird gekoppelte chemische Transportmodelle verbessern und dabei helfen, Bereiche, Regionen und Zeitalter potenzieller Kontaminationen zu identifizieren, was die Suche nach sicherem Trinkwasser unterstützen wird. Ein Prozessverständnis der diagenetischen Umverteilung von Mo und seinen Isotopen wird es ermöglichen Mo isotope als Werkzeug für die Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen während der Ablagerung von Karbonaten zu nutzen. Somit wird es die Möglichkeit der Paläorekonstruktion, in anderen marinen Umgebungen als euxinischen Becken, geben.
In diesem Forschungsprojekt sollen zwei gegenläufige Aspekte der zukünftigen Entwicklungen auf den Energiemärkten untersucht werden: Energieknappheit momentan (Energiearmut charakteristisch für den Großteil der Weltbevölkerung) und vor allem in der Zukunft durch das einerseits rasante Bedarfswachstum (vor allem in China, Indien und anderen Schwellenländern) und andererseits der begrenzten Ressourcen an fossiler Energie. Globale Erwärmung und andere externe Effekte durch die Verwendung fossiler Energieträger. Daher sind aus umweltpolitischer Sicht eigentlich zu viele fossile Energieträger vorhanden. So unterschiedlich die beiden Probleme scheinen, deren Lösung ist durch einen gemeinsamen Nenner charakterisiert: ein relativ schneller Übergang zu alternativer und erneuerbarer Energie. In dieser Studie soll dieser Übergang aus unterschiedlichen Gesichtspunkten und auch mit interdisziplinären Ansätzen analysiert werden. Eine Fragestellung ist die; ob Preis- oder Mengeninstrumente (wie Zertifikate) geeigneter sind CO2-Emissionen zu reduzieren. Ein anderer Aspekt ist der der Gestaltung von Anreizen für die Bereitstellung von erneuerbarer Energie. Dabei sollen auch auf mögliche Skalenerträge berücksichtigt werden, wie sie auch im Vorschlag Desertic (Solarstrom aus der Sahara) implizit zum Ausdruck kommen. Dieses exemplarische Projekt unterstreicht auch noch andere wichtige Aspekte wie die einer geopolitischen Dimension und das Problem, dass sich Regierungen nicht binden können, die versprochenen Anreize zu streichen. Weitere Vorhaben sind die Analyse der Konkurrenz von Biotreibstoffen mit Lebensmitteln um landwirtschaftlich nutzbare Flächen und die strategische Wahl der russischen Erdölförderung (Angebotsdynamik, der russische 'Oil Peak, Konkurrenz mit Erdgas, Energieeffizienz und damit verbunden das Problem lokal niedriger Preise und der Übergang zu erneuerbarer Energie). Zur Analyse wird eine breite Palette von Methoden wie Gleichgewichtsmodelle, dynamische Optimierung und Spiele (deterministisch und stochastisch), Anreizmechanismen, Ansätze der Neuen Politischen Ökonomie, etc. zur Anwendung kommen.
Background and Objectives: The project area is located in the Ashanti Region of Ghana / West Africa in the transition zone of the moist semideciduous forest and tropical savannah zone. Main land use in this region is subsistence agriculture with large fallow areas. As an alternative land-use, forest plantations are under development by the Ghanaian wood processing company DuPaul Wood Treatment Ltd. Labourers from the surrounding villages are employed as permanent or casual plantation workers. Within three forest plantation projects of approximately 6,000 ha, DuPaul offers an area of 164 ha (referred to as Papasi Plantation) - which is mainly planted with Teak (Tectona grandis) - for research purposes. In return, the company expects consultations to improve the management for sustainable timber and pole production with exotic and native tree species. Results: In a first research approach, the Papasi Plantation was assessed in terms of vegetation classification, timber resources (in qualitative and quantitative terms) and soil and site conditions. A permanent sampling plot system was established to enable long-term monitoring of stand dynamics including observation of stand response to silvicultural treatments. Site conditions are ideally suited for Teak and some stands show exceptionally good growth performances. However, poor weed management and a lack of fire control and silvicultural management led to high mortality and poor growth performance of some stands, resulting in relative low overall growth averages. In a second step, a social baseline study was carried out in the surrounding villages and identified landowner conflicts between some villagers and DuPaul, which could be one reason for the fire damages. However, the study also revealed a general interest for collaboration in agroforestry on DuPaul land on both sides. Thirdly, a silvicultural management concept was elaborated and an improved integration of the rural population into DuPaul's forest plantation projects is already initiated. If landowner conflicts can be solved, the development of forest plantations can contribute significantly to the economic income of rural households while environmental benefits provide long-term opportunities for sustainable development of the region. Funding: GTZ supported PPP-Measure, Foundation
Our long term activities aim at a functional understanding of alpine plant life. Overall our research shifted gradually from studying resource acquisition (e.g. photosynthesis) toward resource investment and questions of developement. As with treeline, sink activity seems to be the major determinant of growth. A common misconception associated with alpine plant life finds its expression in the use of the terms 'stress' and 'limitation'. See the critique in: Körner C (1998) Alpine plants: stressed or adapted? In: Press MC, Scholes JD, Barker MG (eds.) Physiological Plant Ecology. Blackwell Science , 297-311. Ongoing experimental work: The influence of photoperiod on growth and development in high elevation taxa (Ph.D. by Franziska Keller in cooperation with the Dept. of Geography, University of Fribourg). We test, whether and which species are responsive to earlier snow melt. It appears there exists a suite of different sensitivities, suggesting biodiversity shifts. We also tested the influence of nutrient addition on high elevation pioneer plants and run a longer term project on the interactive effect on sheep tramplng, nitrogen deposition and warming as part of the Swiss National Project NFP 48. A Europe-wide assessment of ground temperatures in alpine grassland is part of ALPNET (see associated organisations). The assessment provides a basis for comparing biodiversity in alpine biota from 69 to 37 degree of northern latitude. (Nagy et al. (2003) Ecological Studies, Vol. 167. 577 p. Springer, Berlin). A synthesis of research in functional ecology of alpine plants over the past 100 years was published in 1999.
Swath sonar bathymetry data used for that dataset was recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM52 using Kongsberg EM1002 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 01.03.2016 and 28.03.2016 in the Baltic Sea. The cruise aimed gapless imagining of the major pre-alpine tectonic lineaments due to the fact that the Glückstadt Graben and the Avalonia-Baltica suture zone run across the southern Baltic [DOI: 10.2312/cr_msm52]. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. During the MSM52 cruise, the moonpooled KONGSBERG EM1002 multibeam echosounder (MBES) was utilized to perform bathymetric mapping in shallow depths. It has a curved transducer of which 111 beams are formed for each ping while the seafloor is detected using amplitude and phase information for each beam sounding. For further information on the system, consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. Generally, the system was acquiring data throughout the entire cruise. Responsible person during this cruise / PI: Laura Frahm. Postprocessing and products were conducted by the Seafloor-Imaging & Mapping group of MARUM/FB5, responsible person Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de). The open source software MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, https://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system, 2017) was utilized for this purpose. A sound velocity correction profile was applied to the MSM52 data; there were no further corrections for roll, pitch and heave applied during postprocessing. A tide correction was applied, based on the Oregon State University (OSU) tidal prediction software (OTPS) that is retrievable through MB-System. CTD measurements during the cruise were sufficient to represent the changes in the sound velocity throughout the study area. Using Mbeditviz, artefacts were cleaned manually. NetCDF (GMT) grids of the edited data as well as statistics were created with mbgrid. The published bathymetric EM1002 grid of the cruise MSM52 has a resolution of 35 m. No total propagated uncertainty (TPU) has been calculated to gather vertical or horizontal accuracy. A higher resolution is, at least partly, achievable. The grid extended with _num represents a raster dataset with the statistical number of beams/depths taken into account to create the depth of the cell. The extended _sd -grid contains the standard deviation for each cell. The DTMs projections are given in Geographic coordinate system Lat/Lon; Geodetic Datum: WGS84.
Various informational and market conditions, whose development can be traced back to a linear economy, currently also prevent an increased closing of the loop as well as the reduction of material use in the application case of plastic packaging for food. The project objective of COPPA is therefore to develop and demonstrate an open and scalable Circular Collaboration Platform (CCP) that creates the following functionalities for recyclers, plastic reprocessors / converters, packaging manufacturers and food retailers: · Establishing seamless tracking of plastics · Enabling a better exchange of information for automated quality proof, prediction of availability, etc. · Proof of recycled content and recycled quality of products and material batches · Proof of origin or owner as a dynamised property per batch/ main ingredient. · Development of a smart contract model for value chains - in the sense of democratised and notarised plastics processing. · Provision of decision-making aids for the reduction of packaging material and the use of recycled material as a conceptual approach or as a control instrument (dashboard) · Precise verification of sustainability effects through reduced material consumption and increased use of recycled materials (CO2 or resource savings according to relevant material groups). With the aim of enabling both material savings and an increased recycled content in plastic packaging through networking, control and tracking, the CCP is to bring together digital solution approaches as a system solution; in accordance with the FAIR principles, data should be 'Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re-usable'. The project result should represent a practical demonstrator (Technology Readiness Level 5-6), which at the end of the implementation phase will be accessible to all companies in the entire food chain in a non-discriminatory and freely available manner.
Der interoperable INSPIRE-Viewdienst (WMS) Energy Resources gibt einen Überblick über die Windkraftanlagen im Land Brandenburg. Der Datensatz umfasst betriebene Windkraftanlagen, genehmigte und noch nicht in Betrieb genommene sowie geplante Windkraftanlagen, die sich noch im Genehmigungsverfahren befinden. Die Datenquelle ist das Anlageninformationssystem LIS-A. Gemäß der INSPIRE-Datenspezifikation Energy Resources (D2.8.III.20_v3.0) liegen die Inhalte INSPIRE-konform vor. Der WMS beinhaltet einen Layer (RenewableAndWasteResource). --- The compliant INSPIRE view service (WMS) Energy Resources provides an overview of the wind turbines in the state of Brandenburg. The data set includes wind turbines which are currently in operation, wind turbine objects which have been approved but are not yet in operation as well as wind turbines which are currently still in the process of approval. The data source is the information system "LIS-A“. The content is compliant to the INSPIRE data specification for the annex theme Energy Resources (D2.8.III.20_v3.0). The WMS consists of one Layer (RenewableAndWasteResource).
Der interoperable INSPIRE-Downloaddienst (WFS) Energy Resources gibt einen Überblick über die Windkraftanlagen im Land Brandenburg. Der Datensatz umfasst betriebene Windkraftanlagen, genehmigte und noch nicht in Betrieb genommene sowie geplante Windkraftanlagen, die sich noch im Genehmigungsverfahren befinden. Die Datenquelle ist das Anlageninformationssystem LIS-A. Gemäß der INSPIREDatenspezifikation Energy Resources (D2.8.III.20_v3.0) liegen die Inhalte INSPIRE konform vor. Der WFS beinhaltet den FeatureType RenewableAndWasteResource.
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