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Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1685: Ecosystem nutrition: forest strategies for limited phosphorus resources; Ökosystemernährung: Forststrategien zum Umgang mit limitierten Phosphor-Ressourcen, Untersuchungen zum Verständnis des Phosphorzyklus in Wald-Ökosystemen auf molekularer Ebene

Als Reaktion auf das Problem der Phosphorverknappung wurden eine Reihe von sogenannten Phosphorplattformen initiiert, welche die Aktivitäten auf dem Gebiet der Phosphorforschung bündeln und den Kenntnisstand zum Thema Phosphor (P) substantiell verbessern sollen. Ziel ist eine effiziente und nachhaltige Nutzung der verfügbaren Phosphorressourcen. In diesem Rahmen setzt das Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1685 den Fokus auf diejenigen Prozesse, die den Phosphorkreislauf im Ökosystem Wald bestimmen. Das vorliegende Projekt soll die Anstrengungen innerhalb des SPPs methodisch und konzeptionell erweitern, in dem P-relevante Prozesse an Oberflächen mit Methoden der Computerchemie auf molekularer Ebene untersucht werden. Während die experimentellen Arbeiten darauf ausgerichtet sind, beispielsweise P-Verbindungen an den verschiedenen Testfeldern in ihrer Häufigkeit und Reaktivität zu charakterisieren, ergeben sich durch die Nutzung von computerchemischen Methoden Möglichkeiten, zum detaillierten Verständnis der experimentellen Daten beizutragen. Ziel dieses Projektes ist es, die grundlegenden Mechanismen bei der P-Bindung an Oberflächen im Boden zu bestimmen und beeinflussende Faktoren zu untersuchen. Dazu sollen molekulare Modelle für P-relevante Prozesse im Boden entwickelt und in numerischen Simulationsprotokollen implementiert werden. Dabei können wir auf bestehende Vorarbeiten zu agrarischen Ökosystemen aufbauen. In Kooperation mit experimentellen Partnern im SPP und an der Universität Rostock sollen folgende Fragen beantwortet werden: (i) Welche Bindungsmotive gibt es für organische und anorganische P-Verbindungen an Mineraloberflächen im Boden und was sind die Bindungsenergien? Wie werden diese Eigenschaften z.B. durch den pH-Wert beeinflusst? (ii) Wie hängt die Bindung von der Art und den Eigenschaften der Oberfläche ab, z.B. Vergleich alkalische (Ca) vs. saure (Al,Fe-Oxide) Oberflächen, wie sie für die verschiedenen Testfelder im SPP typisch sind. (iii) Welchen Einfluss hat die Bedeckung der Oberfläche mit für Waldböden typischen organischen Substanzen, die z.B. aus der Aktivität von Mikroben stammen. (iv) Welche Unterschiede/Gemeinsamkeiten gibt es zwischen der P-Bindung an Mineraloberflächen und an makromolekularen organischen Bodensubstanzen?

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1685: Ecosystem nutrition: forest strategies for limited phosphorus resources; Ökosystemernährung: Forststrategien zum Umgang mit limitierten Phosphor-Ressourcen, Kopplung zwischen pilzlichem Phosphat- und pflanzlichem Zuckerexport in der Ektomykorrhizasymbiose

Essentiell für die Nährstoffversorgung von Waldbäumen ist die Assoziation ihrer Wurzelsysteme mit Bodenpilzen. In angepassten Feinwurzeln (Ektomykorrhizen) wird Phosphat vom Pilzpartner an die Pflanze abgegeben, wobei gleichzeitig seine Versorgung mit pflanzlichem Zucker erfolgt. Die Versorgung des jeweiligen Partners erfolgt dabei wechselseitig. Exportiert einer der Partner eine ungenügende Nährstoff- Metabolitmenge, vermindert auch der andere Partner die Versorgung. Wie dieser Stoffaustausch auf der zellulären Ebene organisiert wird, ist bisher kaum verstanden. Während bisher keine pilzlichen Phosphatexporter bekannt sind, sind Kandidaten für den pflanzlichen Zuckerexport identifiziert. Einige Mitglieder einer neuen Genfamilie pflanzlicher Zuckertransporter (SWEETs) werden in der Modellpflanze Pappel Mykorrhiza-spezifisch induziert und konnten von uns im Rahmen von Vorarbeiten als funkti-onelle Glukoseexporter charakterisiert werden. Ziel des Projekts ist es, mit Hilfe dieser SWEET Gene die Steuerung des pflanzlichen Kohlenhydratexports sowie den Zusammenhang zwischen pilzlicher Kohlenhydrat- und pflanzlicher Phosphatversorgung in der Symbiose auf der molekularen Ebene aufzuklären. Hierzu soll einerseits die Signalkette entschlüsselt werden, die zu einer Mykorrhiza-spezifischen Induktion der SWEET Gene führt. Durch transgene Pappeln, bei denen a) die Expression ausgewählter SWEET Gene unterdrückt bzw. b) bei denen der Kohlenhydratfluss Richtung Pilzpartner moduliert wurden, soll die Auswirkung der veränderten Kohlenhydratversorgung des Pilzpartners auf die pflanzliche Phosphatversorgung analysiert werden. Methodisch soll dies durch Kohlenhydratflussanalysen sowie in vivo Imaging geschehen. Unklar ist bisher, ob der für Pappeln postulierte Mechanismus der pilzlichen Kohlenhydratversorgung auch in anderen Waldbäumen abläuft, und ob unterschiedliche Mykorrhizapilze vergleichbare Effekte in der Pflanze induzieren. Untersucht werden soll hierzu die Expression von SWEET Homologen der Fichte in von natürlichen Standorten isolierten Mykorrhizen, die mit unterschiedlichen Pilzpartnern gebildet wurden. Weiterhin soll analysiert werden, ob und gegebenenfalls wie sich der Phosphatgehalt des Bodens auf die Expression der identifizierten Mitglieder der SWEET-Genfamilie auswirkt. Fernziel ist hierbei zu ergründen, ob unterschiedliche Pilzpartner durch die Beeinflussung der SWEET Gen Expression unterschiedliche Zuckermengen für eine gegebene Phosphatmenge erhalten können.

INSPIRE: Unconventional hydrocarbons (Nicht-konventionelle KW)

Nicht-konventionelle KW (INSPIRE) presents the results of the NiKo project according to data specifications Energy Resources (D2.8.III.20) und Geology (D2.8.II.4_v3.0). NiKo stands for „unconventional hydrocarbons“, „Nicht-konventionelle Kohlenwasserstoffe“ in German. In the NiKo project the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) has investigated the potential resources for shale oil and shale gas in Germany. The study was published in 2016 as a report titled „Schieferöl und Schiefergas in Deutschland – Ressourcen und Umweltaspekte“ (available in German only). The colloquial terms shale oil and shale gas refer to oil and natural gas resources in sedimentary shale rock formations, with high organic matter content. In the study, seven formations were identified to have a shale oil and/or gas potential in Germany and their distribution has been mapped in small scale. For each of the formations the organic-rich facies distribution is provided and, if appropriate, the regional potential resource distribution: Fischschiefer (Oligocene), Blättertone (Barremium - Lower-Aptian), Wealden (Berriasium), Posidonienschiefer (Lower-Toarcium), Middel-Rhaetium (Oberkeuper), Permokarbon (Stefanium - Rotliegend) und Lower Carboniferous (Upper Alaunschiefer (Kulm-Facies) + Kohlenkalk-Facies). Corresponding to the overview maps in the report two GML-files for these layers are provided, omitting however the sub-category “possible potential regions”. Bituminous facies distribution (0-5000 m Tiefe) – data specification Geology: GeologicUnit.Distribution_of_bituminous_facies.gml Distribution shale oil and shale gas – potential resources (1000 - 5000 m Tiefe) – data specification Energy Resources: FossilFuelRessource_Potential_resource_regions.gml The distribution maps of the potential resources for shale oil and gas are based on geoscientific criteria. Further non-geoscientific limiting criteria, e.g. exclusion areas, have not been taken into account for the assessment. These assessments are based on appraisements of input parameters naturally with large uncertainties for the potential resources and their distribution in the deep underground. Based on the incipient exploration status of unconventionals in Germany, these resources are considered as undiscovered. The assessed shale oil and gas resources for Germany, represent the order of magnitude of potential resources. Reference: BGR 2016 - Schieferöl und Schieferöl in Deutschland- Potenziale und Umweltaspekte https://geoportal.bgr.de/mapapps/resources/apps/geoportal/index.html?lang=de#/datasets/portal/105160

INSPIRE: Map of Near-Surface Deposits of the Federal Republic of Germany 1:250,000 (KOR250)

The KOR250 (INSPIRE) in the scale of 1:250,000 shows occurrences and deposits of mineral resources in Germany, which lie close to the Earth’s surface, i.e. can be mined in open-pits, quarries or near-surface mines. These mineral resources include industrial minerals, aggregates, peat, lignite, oil shales, and natural brines. The map is derived from the KOR250, the digital successor of the map series KOR200 „Map of Near-Surface Deposits of the Federal Republic of Germany 1:200,000”, which has been published since 1984. The KOR200 and KOR250 have been published by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources together with the State Geological Surveys of the federal states on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. Primary purpose of the KOR250 is to display Germany’s potential of domestic raw materials in a comparable way. The explanations given in the printed booklets accompanying the KOR200 are not available in the digital KOR250. In the KOR250 besides the defined deposits and differently coloured areas of raw materials, "active mines" (= operations) at time of publication or "focal points of several active mines" are marked with one symbol each. These mines are not included in the KOR250 (INSPIRE) as often the headquarters of the mining company and not the mining site itself is displayed as well as in many regions the dataset is outdated. As the map sheets of the KOR200 have been generated over more than three decades the timeliness of data is extremely different. For more detail, the current large-scale raw material maps of the Federal State Geological Surveys should always be consulted. The point data displayed in KOR250 (INSPIRE) indicate very small, but worth mentioning prospects of certain raw materials. According to the Data Specification on Mineral Resources (D2.8.III.21) the content of the map is stored in two INSPIRE-compliant GML files: KOR250_EarthResource_polygon.gml comprises the mineral resources as polygons. KOR250_EarthResource_point.gml comprises the mineral resources as points. The GML files together with a Readme.txt file are provided in ZIP format (KOR250-INSPIRE.zip). The Readme.text file (German/English) contains detailed information on the GML files content. Data transformation was proceeded by using the INSPIRE Solution Pack for FME according to the INSPIRE requirements. Notes: It should be noted that according to the INSPIRE commodity code list, most magmatites and metamorphites were assigned to the two values "granite" and "basalt". From a geological point of view and with regard to its origin, this assignment is often misleading. For more information on the outcropping rock of a specific raw material occurrence, the German name from the original KOR250 was mapped to the attribute name of the class GeologicFeature.

Establishment of Teak plantations for high-value timber production in Ghana

Background and Objectives: The project area is located in the Ashanti Region of Ghana / West Africa in the transition zone of the moist semideciduous forest and tropical savannah zone. Main land use in this region is subsistence agriculture with large fallow areas. As an alternative land-use, forest plantations are under development by the Ghanaian wood processing company DuPaul Wood Treatment Ltd. Labourers from the surrounding villages are employed as permanent or casual plantation workers. Within three forest plantation projects of approximately 6,000 ha, DuPaul offers an area of 164 ha (referred to as Papasi Plantation) - which is mainly planted with Teak (Tectona grandis) - for research purposes. In return, the company expects consultations to improve the management for sustainable timber and pole production with exotic and native tree species. Results: In a first research approach, the Papasi Plantation was assessed in terms of vegetation classification, timber resources (in qualitative and quantitative terms) and soil and site conditions. A permanent sampling plot system was established to enable long-term monitoring of stand dynamics including observation of stand response to silvicultural treatments. Site conditions are ideally suited for Teak and some stands show exceptionally good growth performances. However, poor weed management and a lack of fire control and silvicultural management led to high mortality and poor growth performance of some stands, resulting in relative low overall growth averages. In a second step, a social baseline study was carried out in the surrounding villages and identified landowner conflicts between some villagers and DuPaul, which could be one reason for the fire damages. However, the study also revealed a general interest for collaboration in agroforestry on DuPaul land on both sides. Thirdly, a silvicultural management concept was elaborated and an improved integration of the rural population into DuPaul's forest plantation projects is already initiated. If landowner conflicts can be solved, the development of forest plantations can contribute significantly to the economic income of rural households while environmental benefits provide long-term opportunities for sustainable development of the region. Funding: GTZ supported PPP-Measure, Foundation

Modellregion Bioökonomie im Rheinischen Revier: Bio-CO2-Polymer (Modellregion, Phase 1, Bio4MatPro: BoostLab1-6 - Bio-CO2-Polymer), Entwicklung einer multienzymatisch vermittelten C02-Umsetzung zu DHA-basierten Polymeren, TP D

Open Circular-Collaboration-Platform for Sustainable Food Packaging from Plastics

Various informational and market conditions, whose development can be traced back to a linear economy, currently also prevent an increased closing of the loop as well as the reduction of material use in the application case of plastic packaging for food. The project objective of COPPA is therefore to develop and demonstrate an open and scalable Circular Collaboration Platform (CCP) that creates the following functionalities for recyclers, plastic reprocessors / converters, packaging manufacturers and food retailers: · Establishing seamless tracking of plastics · Enabling a better exchange of information for automated quality proof, prediction of availability, etc. · Proof of recycled content and recycled quality of products and material batches · Proof of origin or owner as a dynamised property per batch/ main ingredient. · Development of a smart contract model for value chains - in the sense of democratised and notarised plastics processing. · Provision of decision-making aids for the reduction of packaging material and the use of recycled material as a conceptual approach or as a control instrument (dashboard) · Precise verification of sustainability effects through reduced material consumption and increased use of recycled materials (CO2 or resource savings according to relevant material groups). With the aim of enabling both material savings and an increased recycled content in plastic packaging through networking, control and tracking, the CCP is to bring together digital solution approaches as a system solution; in accordance with the FAIR principles, data should be 'Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re-usable'. The project result should represent a practical demonstrator (Technology Readiness Level 5-6), which at the end of the implementation phase will be accessible to all companies in the entire food chain in a non-discriminatory and freely available manner.

The forecast data for v component of wind at 850hPa [m/s] from GPC_Offenbach (DWD).

This resource contains the monthly mean v component of wind at 850hPa [m/s] for 6 months. The format of resource is GRIB2. It is provided through the web site of WMO Lead Centre for LRF MME (Long Range Forecast Multi-Model Ensemble) on about the 15th of each month. The web site requests a user account. The Grade A(GPCs) and Grade B(NMHSs, RCCs) users can download the data USAGE: Menu: Data and Plot > Data Exchange > Search/Download. This forecast data is made by GPC_Offenbach (DWD) using an operational seasonal prediction system. For more detailed information about the seasonal forecasts of GPC_Offenbach (DWD) visit the web site http://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/seasonals_forecasts/start.html.

The hindcast data for temperature at 850hPa [K] from GPC_Offenbach (DWD).

This resource contains the monthly mean temperature at 850hPa [K] for 6 months. The period of hindcast data is January, 1993 - December, 2019. The format of resource is GRIB2. It is provided through the web site of WMO Lead Centre for LRF MME (Long Range Forecast Multi-Model Ensemble). The web site requests a user account. The Grade A(GPCs) and Grade B(NMHSs, RCCs) users can download the data USAGE: Menu: Data and Plot > Data Exchange > Search/Download. This hindcast data is made by GPC_Offenbach (DWD) using an operational seasonal prediction system. For more detailed information about the seasonal forecasts of GPC_Offenbach (DWD) visit the web site http://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/seasonals_forecasts/start.html.

The hindcast data for v component of wind at 850hPa [m/s] from GPC_Offenbach (DWD).

This resource contains the monthly mean v component of wind at 850hPa [m/s] for 6 months. The period of hindcast data is January, 1993 - December, 2019. The format of resource is GRIB2. It is provided through the web site of WMO Lead Centre for LRF MME (Long Range Forecast Multi-Model Ensemble). The web site requests a user account. The Grade A(GPCs) and Grade B(NMHSs, RCCs) users can download the data USAGE: Menu: Data and Plot > Data Exchange > Search/Download. This hindcast data is made by GPC_Offenbach (DWD) using an operational seasonal prediction system. For more detailed information about the seasonal forecasts of GPC_Offenbach (DWD) visit the web site http://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/seasonals_forecasts/start.html.

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