SP0 is conceived for coordination of the ICON research, for internal and external scientific exchange as well as for investigating development pathways of land use on the Philippines. The SP0 team will supervise the project activities as a whole, including reporting and final synthesis. It will design the ICON homepage, establish and maintain a web-based database and present the project and its results in scientific forums and public media. It will organize collaboration and scientific exchange with international networks dealing with atmospheric processes, global carbon, nitrogen, water and energy cycles, and long-term ecological research. Specifically, SP0 is devoted to ensuring a sound integration of the ICON project within the scientific communities of Germany and SE Asia. Supported by the ICON local research coordinator based at and employed by IRRI, it will coordinate with the IRRI farm management to assist other ICON subprojects with field setup, routine data collection and technical backstopping.
Das Geoportal der Metropolregion Hamburg ist der wesentliche Baustein der Geodateninfrastruktur der Metropolregion Hamburg (GDI-MRH). Es bündelt die Geodaten der Länder und Kommunen der Metropolregion Hamburg (MRH) und ergänzt diese durch übergreifende Themen, die teilweise bundesweit verfügbar sind oder von der Geschäftsstelle der Metropolregion erfasst oder erworben werden. Die im Geoportal MRH präsentierten Daten liegen in der Zuständigkeit verschiedener Akteure in der MRH. Weitere Informationen zu den Nutzungsbedingungen und inhaltlichen Ansprechpersonen erhalten Sie über die Metadaten der einzelnen Datensätze. Eine vollumfängliche Übersicht über die Datensätze des Geoportals bietet der Themenbaum des Geoportals MRH.
Der Datensatz enthält die Radverkehrsanlagen der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg. Da es sich um einen routingfähigen Datensatz handelt, werden nicht nur klassische Radverkehrsanlagen (Radweg, Radfahrstreifen, Schutzstreifen etc.) erfasst, sondern auch Straßen und Wege, die von Radfahrenden nutzbar sind. Weiterhin werden auch Fußwege erfasst, wenn sie als sogenannte Schiebestrecken Lücken im Radverkehrsnetz füllen. Folgende Attribute werden bereitgestellt: - Status (Betrieb, Temporäre Anlage, …) - Straßenname - Art (Getrennter Geh-/Radweg, Gemeinsamer Geh-/Radweg, Radfahrstreifen, Schutzstreifen, Straße mit Mischverkehr bis 30 km/h, Fußgängerzone…) - Klasse (Radweg, Radfahrstreifen, Schutzstreifen, Fahrradstraße, Wege in Grünanlagen, Straße mit Mischverkehr, Schiebestrecke, Sonstige) - Zeitliche Beschränkung - Benutzungspflicht - Fahrtrichtung (in Geometrie-Richtung, in beide Richtungen) - Oberfläche (bituminöse Decke, wassergebundene Decke, Kunststein, Naturstein, …) - Breite in m - Hindernis (Durchfahrbarkeit gegeben, Umfahrung möglich, …) - Niveau (bodengleich, Tunnel, …) Die Visualisierung im WMS und somit auch im Geoportal erfolgt anhand des Attributs Klasse. Um die Übersichtlichkeit zu erhöhen, werden die Daten in sieben verschiedene Layer unterteilt, die sich an den Klassen orientieren. Langfristig, z.B. wegen Baumaßnahmen, gesperrte Wege werden nicht im Datensatz veröffentlicht. Sollten Sie Anmerkungen zum Datensatz haben oder Korrekturen melden wollen, schicken Sie diese bitte an radverkehrsnetz@gv.hamburg.de. Es kann keine Gewähr für die Richtigkeit aller Daten übernommen werden. Aufgrund der Aktualität des Datensatzes kann keine rechtssichere bzw. tagesaktuelle Aussage getroffen werden.
Integrated water resources management in an ecologically and economically adequate way is receiving more and more attention when it comes to the development of sustainable strategies in either developed or developing countries. Ecohydrological models like the SWAT model are widely applied tools for sustainable management of water resources at river basin scale. Nevertheless it is still not clearly understood, how river basin management drives changes in the hydrological balance and the water quality of catchments. This is especially apparent in lowland catchments characterized by low hydraulic gradients, flat topography, high potential for water retention, a large amount of tile drainages and a close interaction of surface- and groundwater.The objective of this project is thus to test the applicability of a biological tracer (i.e. diatoms) for the detection of surface runoff and drainage flow in the example case of the Kielstau catchment (50 km2) in northern Germany. Based on the diatom and water quality analyses of daily mixed, rain event based river and tile drainage samplings, we aim to1) quantify the contribution of surface runoff to total river discharge in lowlands,2) separate surface runoff from tile drainage flow based on different diatom concentration of each flow component and determine the entry pathways of phosphorus into the river, and 3) implement the detected runoff generation and phosphorous transport processes into the newly introduced tile-drainage routine of the ecohydrological SWAT model to improve the routine structure and the model performance.
The hydrogeochemical dynamics in mountainous areas of the Korean Peninsula are mainly driven by a monsoon-type climate. To examine the interplay between hydrological processes and the mobilization and subsequent transport and export of nitrate and DOC from catchments, a field study was initiated in the Haean catchment in north-eastern South Korea under highly variable hydrologic conditions. In order to identify nitrate and DOC source areas, a subcatchment (blue dragon river) within the Haean basin, which includes different types of landuses (forest, dry land farming, and rice paddies), was selected. In 2009, high frequency surface water samples were collected at several locations during summer storm events. A similar but more comprehensive sampling routine was completed in 2010. In order to investigate the groundwater level fluctuations relative to the hydraulic potentials, a piezometer transect was installed across a second order stream of the subcatchment. The results so far suggest deep groundwater seepage to the aquifer with practically no base flow contributions to the stream in the mid-elevation range of the catchment. In 2009 the focus of research was within the subcatchment, in 2010 additionally a second piezometer transect was installed at a third order stream in the lower part of the catchment (main stem of the Mandae River) where more dynamic groundwater/surface water interactions are assumed due to expected higher groundwater levels in this part of the basin. In order to investigate these interactions piezometers equipped with temperature sensors and pressure transducers were installed directly into the river bed. Based on the observed temperature time series and the hydraulic potentials the water fluxes between the groundwater and the river can be calculated using the finite-difference numerical code, VS2DH. VS2DH solves Richard s equation for variably-saturated water flow, and the advection-conduction equation for energy transport. The field data collected at the second piezometer transect suggest that the investigated river reach exhibits primarily losing surface conditions throughout most of the year. Gaining groundwater conditions at the river reach are evident after monsoonal extreme precipitation events. At the transect streambed aggradation and degradation due to bedload transport was observed. Significant erosion has been reported throughout the catchment after extreme events. Results indicate that the event-based changes in streambed elevation, is an additional control on groundwater and surface water exchange. The streambed flux reversals were found to occur in conjunction with cooler in-stream temperatures at potential GW discharge locations. The export of nitrate and DOC were found to be variable in time and strongly correlated to the hydrologic dynamics, i.e. the monsoon and pre- and post-monsoon hydrological conditions. usw.
Recent progress in the operation of CO2 gas ion sources for accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) 14C analysis on microgram-size samples opens a wide range of new applications in dating studies, e.g. for environmental and archeological applications. This proposal aims at implementing a gas ion source at the AMS system MICADAS at the Klaus-Tschira Laboratory of the Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum für Archäometrie (CEZA) in Mannheim and to use this new capability for cutting-edge applications in environmental studies, namely the dating of small amounts of organic carbon contained in glacier ice and of specific organic compounds in ground water. Cold glaciers hold unique records on past climate and atmospheric composition. Mid-latitude ice cores furthermore enable reconstructions of recent ice chemistry changes, but cannot be dated by stratigraphic methods. For such ice bodies, only radiometric dating based on 14C analysis of organic matter contained in the ice matrix presently offers a reasonable dating potential in the late Holocene and beyond. The challenge of this approach lies in the very restricted availability of this matter, but the ability to analyse microgram samples of organic carbon from ice via a gas ion source should now enable reliable 14C dating of ice. Ground water constitutes an important water resource worldwide, especially in semi-arid regions, and in addition constitutes a useful climate archive. Dating of ground water by 14C in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is standard but problematic due to the complex carbonate geochemistry. Dating of ground water based on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has been attempted with mixed success, but now the new analytical developments enable compound-specific 14C analyses of the various DOC components, offering the chance to identify compounds suitable for dating. This project is based on the extensive experience of the collaborating scientists in 14C analytics and applications as well as in the use of glacier ice and ground water as archives, including the development and application of 14C dating methods for these systems. It will establish 14C-measurements at the MICADAS AMS of the CEZA via a gas ion source on a routine base to analyse CO2-samples in the range of 5 to 40 microgram C at a precision down to 0,5 Prozent. By improving existing sample preparation techniques for glacier ice samples, reliable 14C values of the particulate and dissolved organic fractions from small (some 100 g) ice samples shall be obtained. This capability will be applied to constrain ages of cold, sedimentary glaciers as well as of small scale, cold Alpine congelation ice bodies. The project will further develop and test the tools required for micro-scale, compound-specific radiocarbon dating of ground water via its organic fraction. For this purpose, ground water samples from the Upper Rhine Graben area will be analysed, where extensive isotopic data, including DIC 14C values, are available for comparison.
Suche von Schulen in Hamburg und Anzeige von Informationen zur jeweiligen Schule. Integriert im Schulinfosystem ist das Schulwegrouting. Finden Sie den kürzesten Fußweg von Ihrer Haustür zu den Schulen in Hamburg. Neben einer umfangreichen Filterfunktion gibt es auch die Möglichkeiten über die Vergleichsliste Schulen direkt miteinander zu vergleichen.
Sulfur isotope fractionation (34S/32S) has been used since the late 1940s to study the chemical and biological sulfur cycle. While large isotope fractionations during bacterial sulfate reduction were used successfully to interpret, e.g., accumulation of sulfate in ancient oceans or the evolution of early life, much less is known about fractionation during sulfide oxidation. The fractionation between the two end-members sulfide and sulfate is commonly much smaller and inconsistencies exist whether substrate or product are enriched. These inconsistencies are explained by a lack of knowledge on oxidation pathways and rates as well as intermediate sulfur species, such as elemental sulfur, polysulfides, thiosulfate, sulfite, or metalloid-sulfide complexes (e.g. thioarsenates), potentially acting as 34S sinks.In the proposed project, we will develop a method for sulfur species-selective isotope analysis based on separation by preparative chromatography. Separation of Sn2- and S0 will be achieved after derivatization with methyl triflate on a C18 column, separation of the other sulfur species in an alkaline eluent on an AS16 column. Sulfur in the collected fractions will be extracted directly with activated copper chips (Sn2-, S0), or precipitated as ZnS (S2-) or BaSO4 and analyzed by routine methods as SO2. Results of this species-selective approach will be compared to those from previous techniques of end-member pool determinations and sequential precipitations.The method will be applied to sulfide oxidation profiles at neutral to alkaline hot springs at Yellowstone National Park, USA, where we detected intermediate sulfur species as important species. Determining 34S/32S only in sulfide and sulfate, our previous study has shown different fractionation patterns for two hot spring drainages with sulfide oxidation profiles that seemed similar from a geochemical perspective. The reasons for the different isotopic trends are unclear. In the present project, we will differentiate species-selective abiotic versus biotic fractionation using on-site incubation experiments with the chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria Thermocrinis ruber as model organism. For selected samples, we will test whether 33S and 36S further elucidate species-selective sulfide oxidation patterns. We expect that lower source sulfide concentrations increase elemental sulfur disproportionation, thus increase redox cycling and isotope fractionation. We also expect that the larger the concentration of intermediate sulfur species, including thioarsenates, the larger the isotope fractionation. Following fractionation in species-selective pools, we will be able to clarify previously reported inconsistencies of 34S enrichment in substrate or product, elucidate sulfide oxidation pathways and rates, and reveal details about sulfur metabolism. Our new methodology and field-based data will be a basis for more consistent studies on sulfide oxidation in the future.
Humanity has influenced and changed the large majority of the earths landscapes, especially those in urban areas. There is no doubt that it is crucial to include human dimensions - perceptions, attitudes, preferences etc. - in terms of landscape inheritance, conservation, development and management or what. Public perception and preference research has a long lasting history in landscape subjects, and has been playing an important role in practical implementation. This study will be conducted in Suzhou, China - a typical Chinese city with numerous ancient cultural heritages and facing endless modernization and urbanization. Literate review will be thoroughly carried out on respect to the processes, states, significances of human dimensions for landscapes. The interpretation of historical materials about landscape changes during decades of the research site will be completed. The targeted objects will be the residents there and visitors. There are still more than 200.000 permanent residents living in the research core, who represent the main force of conserving the ancient heritages lasted thousands years. Therefore, their attitudes towards the landscape changes, ancient landscape elements or symbols are vital, and should be included in routines for landscape design, management and conservation. Moreover, up to millions of visitors from both inside and outside of China come to Suzhou every year, which makes the study concerning their perceptions and preferences even more critical. The well-structured questionnaires, together with semi-open or open interviews will be applied aimed at different targeted groups, and the results will be interpreted and evaluated based on scientific theories and methodologies in both quantitative and qualitative ways. Eventually, how these findings could be used to inform the landscape policy-makers, designer, planner or managers and how to transfer the results into practical status in other cities of China or even in other developing countries facing the same dilemmas would be generated.
Knowledge of the deformation mechanisms of polar ice is of crucial importance to predict the flow of polar ice caps and hence their influence on the global climate. Deformation of ice also impacts on one of the best climate record on Earth: the individual ice layers observed in deep ice cores. Microstructures form the main record of in situ deformation, by revealing the deformation processes that operate during the flow of an ice sheet. New microstructural analysis techniques developed at AWI now allow a much more detailed and extensive assessment of these microstructures than ever before. Within this project, a start has been made with the numerical modelling of ice microstructures, using the comprehensive modelling platform Elle. After updating and refining algorithms, Elle is now capable of simulating several of the main processes that occur in polar ice: recrystallisation, grain growth and crystal-plastic deformation. In the course of the project s remaining 26 months1 existing routines for two-phase materials will be adapted to model ice with bubbles or clathrates, and to model intracrystalline recovery. Results of systematic simulations will be compared quantitatively with theoretical analyses and the unique microstructure dataset available at AWI of several firn and ice cores (especially the EPICA-DML deep ice core). In particular we will critically reassess the role of grain boundary formation and migration that continually reworks the microstructure. The results of this project will improve our knowledge of the mechanical behavior of polar ice and refine the analysis of climatic records, which are essential to ice sheet and climate modelling.
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