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(Table S-3) Compiled short-lived Ra data of the southern North Sea acquired during the last decades

Hochwasserschutz

Thema Hochwasserschutz aus dem Raumordnungskataster der Struktur- und Genehmigungsdirerektion Süd des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz

(Table S-1) Short-lived Ra activity at the tidal inlet Otzumer Ballje (OB) over three tidal cycles

(Table S-6) Suspended particulate matter data of the North Sea

(Table S-4) Short-lived Ra activity of porewater samples at beach locations on the island of Spiekeroog

Sources and Sinks of short-lived radium isotopes in the southern North Sea: Implications for the system functioning and budget estimates

Continued population growth increases the demand for space and resources, which in turn enhances anthropogenic pressure on coastal seas. Biotic and abiotic ecosystem understanding in a wider context is essential for effective management of stakeholder interests. This study is a synthesis of recent findings based on short-lived radium isotopes in the shelf ocean North Sea and uses the isotopes to quantify relevant sources and sinks in biogeochemical cycles in the coastal sea in order to enhance system understanding. We improve upon the previously designed box model for the southern North Sea by Burt et al. [2014], using a denser data coverage for nearshore areas. Specifically, the updated model considers decay-supported desorbable Ra from suspended particles and input from submarine groundwater discharge. The model quantified a total of five source terms for Ra: the Wadden Sea, rivers, desorption from suspended particles in the water column, submarine groundwater discharge from beach systems, and porewater exchange at North Sea bottom sediments; whereas considered losses are radioactive decay and mixing with the open North Sea. The mass balance reveals that porewater exchange, e.g., ripple flow, significantly dominates the total short-lived Ra isotope discharge to the southern North Sea. An eddy diffusion based Ra approach was not successful to quantify submarine groundwater discharge from beach systems, due to other major inputs of Ra isotopes from the adjacent Wadden Sea and river discharge, superimposing the minor submarine groundwater discharge from beaches.

Naturschutz

Thema Naturschutz aus dem Raumordnungskataster der Struktur- und Genehmigungsdirerektion Süd des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz

Landschaftsschutz

Thema Landschaftsschutz aus dem Raumordnungskataster der Struktur- und Genehmigungsdirerektion Süd des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz

Verteilung der Arten im INSPIRE-Datenmodell (Fischfauna)

Dargestellt ist die geografische Verteilung des Auftretens von Fischarten, zusammengefasst in Gittereinheiten. Sie sind durch Attribute des INSPIRE-Datenmodells "Verteilung der Arten" beschrieben.Raster

Global SnowPack - MODIS - Yearly

This product shows the snow cover duration for a hydrological year. Its beginning differs from the calendar year, since some of the precipitation that falls in late autumn and winter falls as snow and only drains away when the snow melts in the following spring or summer. The meteorological seasons are used for subdivision and the hydrological year begins in autumn and ends in summer. The snow cover duration is made available for three time periods: the snow cover duration for the entire hydrological year (SCD), the early snow cover duration (SCDE), which extends from autumn to midwinter (), and the late snow cover duration (SCDL), which in turn extends over the period from mid-winter to the end of summer. For the northern hemisphere SCD lasts from September 1st to August 31st, for the southern hemisphere it lasts from March 1st to February 28th/29th. The SCDE lasts from September 1st to January 14th in the northern hemisphere and from March 1st to July 14th in the southern hemisphere. The SCDL lasts from January 15th to August 31st in the northern hemisphere and from July 15th to February 28th/29th in the southern hemisphere. The “Global SnowPack” is derived from daily, operational MODIS snow cover product for each day since February 2000. Data gaps due to polar night and cloud cover are filled in several processing steps, which provides a unique global data set characterized by its high accuracy, spatial resolution of 500 meters and continuous future expansion. It consists of the two main elements daily snow cover extent (SCE) and seasonal snow cover duration (SCD; full and for early and late season). Both parameters have been designated by the WMO as essential climate variables, the accurate determination of which is important in order to be able to record the effects of climate change. Changes in the largest part of the cryosphere in terms of area have drastic effects on people and the environment. For more information please also refer to: Dietz, A.J., Kuenzer, C., Conrad, C., 2013. Snow-cover variability in central Asia between 2000 and 2011 derived from improved MODIS daily snow-cover products. International Journal of Remote Sensing 34, 3879–3902. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2013.767480 Dietz, A.J., Kuenzer, C., Dech, S., 2015. Global SnowPack: a new set of snow cover parameters for studying status and dynamics of the planetary snow cover extent. Remote Sensing Letters 6, 844–853. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2015.1084551 Dietz, A.J., Wohner, C., Kuenzer, C., 2012. European Snow Cover Characteristics between 2000 and 2011 Derived from Improved MODIS Daily Snow Cover Products. Remote Sensing 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4082432 Dietz, J.A., Conrad, C., Kuenzer, C., Gesell, G., Dech, S., 2014. Identifying Changing Snow Cover Characteristics in Central Asia between 1986 and 2014 from Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sensing 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212752 Rößler, S., Witt, M.S., Ikonen, J., Brown, I.A., Dietz, A.J., 2021. Remote Sensing of Snow Cover Variability and Its Influence on the Runoff of Sápmi’s Rivers. Geosciences 11, 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030130

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