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Gesetzlich geschützte Biotope (Landkreis Göttingen)

Rechtsgrundlage: Gesetzlich geschützter Biotop § 30 BNatSchG und § 24 NAGBNatSchG. Schutzintensität: relativ hoch. Gesetzlicher Schutz nach § 30 BNatSchG für: 1. natürliche oder naturnahe Bereiche fließender und stehender Binnengewässer einschließlich ihrer Ufer und der dazugehörigen uferbegleitenden natürlichen oder naturnahen Vegetation sowie ihrer natürlichen oder naturnahen Verlandungsbereiche, Altarme und regelmäßig überschwemmten Bereiche, 2. Moore, Sümpfe, Röhrichte, Großseggenrieder, seggen- und binsenreiche Nasswiesen, Quellbereiche, Binnenlandsalzstellen, 3. offene Binnendünen, offene natürliche Block-, Schutt- und Geröllhalden, Lehm- und Lösswände, Zwergstrauch-, Ginster- und Wacholderheiden, Borstgrasrasen, Trockenrasen, Schwermetallrasen, Wälder und Gebüsche trockenwarmer Standorte, 4. Bruch-, Sumpf- und Auenwälder, Schlucht-, Blockhalden- und Hangschuttwälder, subalpine Lärchen- und Lärchen-Arvenwälder, 5. offene Felsbildungen, Höhlen sowie naturnahe Stollen, alpine Rasen sowie Schneetälchen und Krummholzgebüsche, 6. Fels- und Steilküsten, Küstendünen und Strandwälle, Strandseen, Boddengewässer mit Verlandungsbereichen, Salzwiesen und Wattflächen im Küstenbereich, Seegraswiesen und sonstige marine Makrophytenbestände, Riffe, sublitorale Sandbänke, Schlickgründe mit bohrender Bodenmegafauna sowie artenreiche Kies-, Grobsand- und Schillgründe im Meeres- und Küstenbereich, 7. magere Flachland-Mähwiesen und Berg-Mähwiesen nach Anhang I der Richtlinie 92/43/EWG, Streuobstwiesen, Steinriegel und Trockenmauern. Gesetzlicher Schutz nach § 24 NAGBNatSchG: Gesetzlich geschützte Biotope sind auch 1. hochstaudenreiche Nasswiesen sowie sonstiges artenreiches Feucht- und Nassgrünland, 2. Bergwiesen, 3. mesophiles Grünland, 4. Obstbaumwiesen und -weiden mit einer Fläche von mehr als 2 500 m2 aus hochstämmigen Obstbäumen mit mehr als 1,60 m Stammhöhe (Streuobstbestände) und 5. Erdfälle.

Continuous water level observations at station BEFmate_I10upp, 2020-01 to 2023-09

Data presented here were collected between 2020-01 and 2023-09 at station BEFmate_I10upp within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems, https://uol.de/dynacom/ ) involving the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were established in the back-barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog (Germany). Groundwater levels at different elevation zones were measured using pressure loggers deployed in dip wells within the experimental islands as well as in the saltmarsh enclosed plots. Measurements were obtained using Hobo U20L Water Level Loggers (Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA/USA). All devices were pre-calibrated by the manufacturer. Logged data were retrieved in the field using a Hobo Underwater Shuttle (U-DTW-1) and were read out with the HOBOware Pro (V3.7.28) software, Subsequent data processing was done using MATLAB (R2024b). Atmospheric pressure correction for water-level calculations was applied using data from a nearby weather station. Post-processing and quality control included (a) the removal of data covering maintenance activities, (b) an outlier detection, and (c) visual checks. Outliers in water level and temperature time series were detected using a moving-median filter and a 3-sigma criterion, with additional cross-checking against a reference sensor. Identified outliers were removed, and height-corrected water level series were produced to ensure consistency across sensors and years.

Continuous water level observations at station BEFmate_I4pio, 2020-01 to 2023-03

Data presented here were collected between 2020-01 and 2023-03 at station BEFmate_I4pio within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems, https://uol.de/dynacom/ ) involving the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were established in the back-barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog (Germany). Groundwater levels at different elevation zones were measured using pressure loggers deployed in dip wells within the experimental islands as well as in the saltmarsh enclosed plots. Measurements were obtained using Hobo U20L Water Level Loggers (Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA/USA). All devices were pre-calibrated by the manufacturer. Logged data were retrieved in the field using a Hobo Underwater Shuttle (U-DTW-1) and were read out with the HOBOware Pro (V3.7.28) software, Subsequent data processing was done using MATLAB (R2024b). Atmospheric pressure correction for water-level calculations was applied using data from a nearby weather station. Post-processing and quality control included (a) the removal of data covering maintenance activities, (b) an outlier detection, and (c) visual checks. Outliers in water level and temperature time series were detected using a moving-median filter and a 3-sigma criterion, with additional cross-checking against a reference sensor. Identified outliers were removed, and height-corrected water level series were produced to ensure consistency across sensors and years.

Continuous salinity observations at station BEFmate_S4low, 2019-09 to 2023-09

Data presented here were collected between 2019-09 and 2023-09 at station BEFmate_S4low within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems, https://uol.de/dynacom/ ) involving the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were established in the back-barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog (Germany). Salinity at different elevation zones was measured using conductivity loggers deployed in dip wells within experimental islands as well as in the saltmarsh enclosed plots. Measurements were obtained using HOBO U24 Conductivity Logger U24-002-C (Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA/USA). All devices were pre-calibrated by the manufacturer. Logged data were retrieved in the field using a Hobo Underwater Shuttle (U-DTW-1) and were read out with the HOBOware Pro (V3.7.28) software. Salinity was derived in HOBOware Pro using temperature-dependent, nonlinear seawater conductivity compensation following the Practical Salinity Scale (PSS-78). Subsequent data processing was done using MATLAB (R2024b). Post-processing and quality control included (a) the removal of data covering maintenance activities, (b) the removal of implausible values using fixe thresholds (salinity > 40 psu and < 5 psu; temperature > 35 °C and < -5 °C), c) an outlier detection using the Hampel filter method, and (d) visual checks. Identified outliers were removed and synchronously removed across all associated parameters (temperature and salinity).

Pflanzensoziologische Kartierung des Deichvorlandes am Schleswig-Holsteinischen Wattenmeer 1996, Blatt veg8264-96

Cover der Vegetationsgesellschaften der Deichvorländer an der Westküste Schleswig-Holsteins von 1996, Maßstab 1:5000, im Rahmen des Vorlandmonitorings von NPA und ALR (Landesamtes für den Nationalpark Schleswig-Holsteinsches Wattenmeer in Tönning und Amt für ländliche Räume in Husum). Das Polygoncover enthält Angaben zu Vegetationsgesellschaft, Vegetationsstufe, realer und vertraglicher Beweidungsintensität, Schutzstatus und Zählgebiete entsprechend dem flexiblen Vorlandraster sowie dem vereinfachten Vegetationsschlüssel des TMAP. Cover der Vegetationsgesellschaften der Deichvorländer an der Westküste Schleswig-Holsteins von 1996, Maßstab 1:5000, im Rahmen des Vorlandmonitorings von NPA und ALR (Landesamtes für den Nationalpark Schleswig-Holsteinsches Wattenmeer in Tönning und Amt für ländliche Räume in Husum). Das Polygoncover enthält Angaben zu Vegetationsgesellschaft, Vegetationsstufe, realer und vertraglicher Beweidungsintensität, Schutzstatus und Zählgebiete entsprechend dem flexiblen Vorlandraster sowie dem vereinfachten Vegetationsschlüssel des TMAP.#locale-eng:Cover of vegetation societies of salt marshes of foreland at the west coast of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea. Vegetation mapping of 1996. Map sheet of the Deutsche Grundkarte 1:5000 (DGK5).

Pflanzensoziologische Kartierung des Deichvorlandes am Schleswig-Holsteinischen Wattenmeer 1996, Blatt veg5662-96

Cover der Vegetationsgesellschaften der Deichvorländer an der Westküste Schleswig-Holsteins von 1996, Maßstab 1:5000, im Rahmen des Vorlandmonitorings von NPA und ALR (Landesamtes für den Nationalpark Schleswig-Holsteinsches Wattenmeer in Tönning und Amt für ländliche Räume in Husum). Das Polygoncover enthält Angaben zu Vegetationsgesellschaft, Vegetationsstufe, realer und vertraglicher Beweidungsintensität, Schutzstatus und Zählgebiete entsprechend dem flexiblen Vorlandraster sowie dem vereinfachten Vegetationsschlüssel des TMAP. Cover der Vegetationsgesellschaften der Deichvorländer an der Westküste Schleswig-Holsteins von 1996, Maßstab 1:5000, im Rahmen des Vorlandmonitorings von NPA und ALR (Landesamtes für den Nationalpark Schleswig-Holsteinsches Wattenmeer in Tönning und Amt für ländliche Räume in Husum). Das Polygoncover enthält Angaben zu Vegetationsgesellschaft, Vegetationsstufe, realer und vertraglicher Beweidungsintensität, Schutzstatus und Zählgebiete entsprechend dem flexiblen Vorlandraster sowie dem vereinfachten Vegetationsschlüssel des TMAP.#locale-eng:Cover of vegetation societies of salt marshes of foreland at the west coast of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea. Vegetation mapping of 1996. Map sheet of the Deutsche Grundkarte 1:5000 (DGK5).

Vegetationskundliche Untersuchungen von Extensivierung auf salzbeeinflusstes Gruenland an der Wurster Kueste

Wie entwickelt sich die Vegetationszusammensetzung salzbeeinflussten Gruenlandes bei unterschiedlicher Nutzung? - Welche strukturellen Veraenderungen ergeben sich und welche Auswirkungen haben diese auf die Vegetationszusammensetzung? - Welche Schlussgesellschaft stellt sich bei Nutzungsaufgabe ein? - Welches sind die Vegetationsbestimmenden abiotischen Parameter und veraendern sich diese bei unterschiedlicher Nutzung?

Chlorophyll a, extracellular polymeric substance concentration and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers in saltmarsh sediments in response to a storm surge

Samples were taken to study the effect of storm surges on ecosystem functioning of salt marsh microbial communities. Sediment samples were collected from experimental salt marsh islands located in the back-barrier tidal flats of Spiekeroog Island, German North Sea (53°45′N, 7°43′E). The islands consist of three elevation zones (0.7 m, 1.0 m, and 1.3 m above mean sea level), corresponding to pioneer zone, lower salt marsh, and upper salt marsh. Six islands were sampled (three initially bare; three transplanted with lower salt marsh sediment and vegetation). Sampling was conducted in September 2022 (pre-disturbance), March 2023 (post-winter storm surges), and August 2023 (recovery phase). Surface sediments (upper 2 cm) were collected using syringe cores. Pooled samples were analyzed for chlorophyll a as a proxy for microphytobenthos biomass using ethanol extraction and spectrophotometric pigment analysis. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were quantified using EDTA extraction followed by phenol–sulfuric acid carbohydrate analysis. DNA was extracted from sediment subsamples using a Qiagen PowerSoil kit. Prokaryotic abundance was estimated by quantitative PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene (primers 519F/907R), using an Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene standard curve. The dataset includes chlorophyll a concentrations (µg g⁻¹ dry sediment), EPS carbohydrate concentrations, and prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene copy numbers for all sampling times, elevations, and treatments.

Continuous meteorological observations at DynaCom automatic weather station, Spiekeroog, Germany, 2025-01 to 2025-12

Data presented here were collected between January 2025 to December 2025 within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems, https://uol.de/dynacom/ ) of the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were created in the back barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog. Meteorological data were collected near the experimental setup, with a locally installed weather station located approximately 500m north of the southern shoreline. The weather station system used here was a ClimaSensor US 4.920x.00.00x that was pre-calibrated by the manufacturer (Adolf Thies GmbH & Co. KG, D-Göttingen). Data were recorded and saved within the Processcontrol Weather (c) -4H- JENA engineering GmbH (v20.1.0.1 2020) software in a sampling interval of 1 min, with an averaging time of 10 s. Date and time were given in UTC and the position was derived from the internal GPS system. Data handling was performed according to Zielinski et al. (2018): Post-processing of collected data was done using MATLAB (R2024b). Quality control was performed by (a) erasing data covering maintenance activities, (b) removing outliers, defined as data exhibiting changes of more than two standard deviations within one time step, and (c) visually checks.

Continuous water level observations at station BEFmate_I3low, 2020-01 to 2022-05

Data presented here were collected between 2020-01 and 2022-05 at station BEFmate_I3low within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems, https://uol.de/dynacom/ ) involving the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were established in the back-barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog (Germany). Groundwater levels at different elevation zones were measured using pressure loggers deployed in dip wells within the experimental islands as well as in the saltmarsh enclosed plots. Measurements were obtained using a Hobo U20L Water Level Logger (Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA/USA) that was pre-calibrated by the manufacturer. Logged data were retrieved in the field using a Hobo Underwater Shuttle (U-DTW-1) and were read out with the HOBOware Pro (V3.7.28) software. Subsequent data processing was done using MATLAB (R2024b). Atmospheric pressure correction for water-level calculations was applied using data from a nearby weather station. Post-processing and quality control included (a) the removal of data covering maintenance activities, (b) an outlier detection, and (c) visual checks. Outliers in water level and temperature time series were detected using a moving-median filter and a 3-sigma criterion, with additional cross-checking against a reference sensor. Identified outliers were removed, and height-corrected water level series were produced to ensure consistency across sensors and years.

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