Bei dem Datensatz handelt es sich um Fernerkundungsdaten aus dem Copernicus-Programm der Europäischen Kommission und der Europäischen Weltraumorganisation, die für das Gebiet von Sachsen-Anhalt aufbereitet wurden. Die Sentinel-2 Satelliten des Copernicus-Programm liefern multispektrale Aufnahmen im Wellenlängenbereich des sichtbaren Licht (VIS) und nahen Infrarotbereich (NIR) aus denen nahezu wolkenfreie Mosaikbilder erstellt werden. Diese Daten finden insbesondere in der Forst-, Wasser-, und Agrarwirtschaft Anwendung um z.B. zeitliche Veränderungen zu beobachten.
Confronting Climate Change is one of the paramount societal challenges of our time. The main cause for global warming is the increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere. Together, carbon dioxide and methane, being the two most important greenhouse gases, globally contribute to about 81% of the anthropogenic radiative forcing. However, there are still significant deficits in the knowledge about the budgets of these two major greenhouse gases such that the ability to accurately predict our future climate remains substantially compromised. Different feedback mechanisms which are insufficiently understood have significant impact on the quality of climate projections. In order to accurately predict future climate of our planet and support observing emission targets in the framework of international agreements, the investigation of sources and sinks of the greenhouse gases and their feedback mechanisms is indispensable. In the past years, inverse modelling has emerged as a key method for obtaining quantitative information on the sources and sinks of the greenhouse gases. However, this technique requires the availability of sufficient amounts of precise and independent data on various spatial scales. Therefore, observing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases is of significant importance for this purpose. In contrast to point measurements, airborne instruments are able to provide regional-scale data of greenhouse gases which are urgently required, though currently lacking. Providing such data from remote sensing instruments supported by the best currently available in-situ sensors, and additionally comparing the results of the greenhouse gas columns retrieved from aircraft to the network of ground-based stations is the mission goal of the HALO CoMet campaign. The overarching objective of HALO CoMet is to improve our understanding and to better quantify the carbon dioxide and methane cycles. Through analysing the CoMet data, scientists will accumulate new knowledge on the global distribution and temporal variation of the greenhouse gases. These findings will help to better understand the global carbon cycle and its influence on climate. These new findings will be utilized for predicting future climate change and assessing its impact. Within the frame of CoMet and due to the operational possibilities we will concentrate on small to sub-continental scales. This does not only allow to identify local emission sources of greenhouse gases, but also opens up the opportunity to use important remote sensing and in-situ data information for the inverse modelling approach for regional budgeting. The project also aims at developing new methodologies for greenhouse gas measurements, and promotes technological developments necessary for future Earth-observing satellites.
Die obere Bodenzone ist die zentrale Schnittstelle für die Speicherung und den Transfer von Wasser zwischen der Atmosphäre, der Biosphäre, den Oberflächengewässern und dem tieferen Untergrund. Die räumliche und zeitliche Variabilität seiner Eigenschaften und Zustände ist eine Herausforderung für das Verständnis und für die Quantifizierung des Wasserspeichers und daraus resultierender Wasserflüsse. Die Bestimmung der Bodenfeuchte ist entweder großflächig oder in Teilstücken der Einzugsgebiete möglich, dazu gehören hydrogeophysikalische Methoden (bodengestützt), verschiedene Fernerkundungsmethoden (Drohnen, Flugzeuge und Satelliten) oder invasive Bodenfeuchte-Netzwerke. Sie sind jedoch entweder nur durch zeitliche Momentaufnahmen begrenzt oder zu teuer, um auf ganze Einzugsgebiete oberhalb der Feldskala übertragen werden zu können. Bisher wurde die Methode der Detektion von Schwankungen des Neutronenhintergrunds (CRNS) als integrierende Messung der Bodenfeuchte in einer Fläche von ca. 15 Hektar eingesetzt. Verteilte Netzwerke dieser Sensoren gibt es bereits bis auf nationaler Ebene, jedoch mit Sensorabständen, die sehr viel größer sind als die CRNS-Integrationsfläche. Unser Ziel ist es, zeitliche Veränderungen des in Boden und Vegetation gespeicherten Wassers mit vollständiger Abdeckung auf der Skala von kleinen Einzugsgebieten bzw. hydrologischen Grundeinheiten (z.B. 1-10 km2), mit räumlicher Auflösung von wenigen Hektar und dichtem Abstand, vergleichbar mit der CRNS Integrationsfläche, zu messen. Dadurch lassen sich der nicht-invasive Charakter sowie die hohe Mobilität der CRNS-Sonden voll ausnutzen und kontinuierliche Bodenfeuchtekarten über einige Monate hinweg in einem bestimmten Gebiet erfassen. Dies wird eine raum-zeitliche Verteilung der Bodenfeuchte auch für landwirtschaftliche Felder und Waldstücke mit zeitlicher Auflösung im Stundenbereich liefern. Diese Messungen sollen auch zur Erprobung eines neu entwickelten Aufbaus einer CRNS Sonde mit winkelabhängiger Auflösung verwendet werden. Die geplanten Feldkampagnen sind ideal, um Daten für den Vergleich zu anderen Messmethoden (z.B. mobilem CRNS, Drohnenüberfliegungen) und zu hydrologischen Modellen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die zu erfassenden Muster der raum-zeitlichen Variabilität bilden die Grundlage für die quantitative Beschreibung des Wasserhaushalts und hydrologischer Prozesse im Einzugsgebiet. Und durch eine örtliche Erweiterung des CRNS-Netzes könnte sie sogar in Zukunft auf größere Gebiete (z.B. größer als 10 km2) ausgedehnt werden. Dieses Teilprojekt wird eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Kartierung der Bodenfeuchte in kleinen Einzugsgebieten während der gemeinsamen Feldkampagnen der Forschergruppe sein. Insgesamt wird es erste CRNS-Bodenfeuchte-Karten auf einer Skala liefern, die mindestens eine Ordnung über den bestehenden Boden-Sensor-Netzwerken liegt.
The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
Aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AOD describes the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power by the absence of aerosols. Attenuation can be caused by absorption and/or scattering. AOD is the primary parameter to evaluate the impact of aerosols on weather and climate. Daily AOD observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
Aerosol single-scattering albedo (ASSA) as derived from TROPOMI observations. ASSA is a measure of how much light is scattered by aerosols compared to how much is absorbed. It is important for understanding the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative forcing. ASSA is unitless; a value of unity implies that extinction is completely due to scattering; conversely, a single-scattering albedo of zero implies that extinction is completely due to absorption. Daily ASSA observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
Aerosol Index (AI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AI is an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
Aerosols are an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The Aerosol layer height is provided in kilometres. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. The operational SO2 total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV / VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. GDP 4.x performs a DOAS fit for SO2 slant column followed by an AMF / VCD computation using a single wavelength. Corrections are applied to the slant column for equatorial offset, interference of SO2 and SO2 absorption, and SZA dependence. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/
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