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Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Surface Nitrogendioxide (NO2), Level 4 – Regional (Germany and neighboring countries)

The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AOD describes the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power by the absence of aerosols. Attenuation can be caused by absorption and/or scattering. AOD is the primary parameter to evaluate the impact of aerosols on weather and climate. Daily AOD observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Single-Scattering Albedo (ASSA), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol single-scattering albedo (ASSA) as derived from TROPOMI observations. ASSA is a measure of how much light is scattered by aerosols compared to how much is absorbed. It is important for understanding the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative forcing. ASSA is unitless; a value of unity implies that extinction is completely due to scattering; conversely, a single-scattering albedo of zero implies that extinction is completely due to absorption. Daily ASSA observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Eine holistische digitale Plattform für Landnutzungsplanung, Carbon Footprinting und Entscheidungsfindung in der europäischen Landwirtschaft, Teilvorhaben 1

A spatially explicit Global Reef Island Database (GRID) that captures distribution, diversity and relative vulnerability of the world's low-lying reef islands

Low-lying coral reef islands harbour a distinct, yet highly threatened biological and cultural diversity that is increasingly exposed to climate change impacts. The combination of low elevation, small size, sensitivity to changes in boundary conditions (sea level, waves and currents, locally generated sediment supply) and at some locations high population densities, is why low-lying reef islands (LRIs) are considered among the most vulnerable environments on Earth to climate change. To date, their global distribution and influence of climatic, oceanographic, and geologic setting are only poorly documented or restricted to smaller scales. Here, I present the first detailed global analysis of LRIs utilising freely available global datasets to produce a global reef island database (GRID) and associated intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics that can be used within a coastal vulnerability index (CVI). All datasets used to create the GRID were released between 30 November 2015 and 3 August 2023, while the current version of the GRID database was completed in November 2024. When developing the GRID, LRIs are defined as landmasses <30 km² located on or within 1 km of coral reef and with an elevation of <16 m. Development of the GRID required: 1) the creation of a global shoreline vector file containing the geographic distribution of LRIs and 2) the development of a comprehensive global database of LRIs including eight intrinsic and ten extrinsic variables extracted from global datasets. Intrinsic variables include: 1) human populations, 2) island area, 3) island perimeter, 4) mean elevation, 5) island circularity/shape, 6) underlying reef type, 7) geographic isolation and 8) distance to the nearest neighbouring reef island. Extrinsic variables include: 1) mean water depth, 2) standard deviation of mean water depth, 3) mean annual significant wave height, 4) mean annual wave period, 5) mean spring tidal range, 6) relative tidal range, 7) wave-tide regime, 8) relative wave exposure, 9) relative tropical storm exposure and 10) year-2100 projected median sea level rise rate. The GRID was initially derived from version 2.1 of the UNEP-WCMC Global Island Database, a global shoreline vector file based on geometry data from Open Street Map® (OSM) and released in November 2015. The initial vector file was projected using the Mollweide projection, an equal-area pseudo cylindrical map projection chosen for its accurate derivation of area, especially in regions close to the equator, where most LRIs are located. The final GRID contains 34,404 individual LRIs distributed throughout tropical regions of the world's oceans, amassing a total land area of nearly 11,000 km² with approximately 60,740 km of shoreline and housing around 2.6 million people. While intrinsic variables are typically spatially homogenous, LRIs are generally highly spatially clustered throughout the GRID with respect to extrinsic variables. The spatial distribution of LRIs within the GRID was validated using: 1) published data and 2) quantitative accuracy assessments using satellite imagery. Spatial distributions of LRIs captured in the GRID are extremely consistent with those published in the literature (r² = 0.96) and those derived from independent analysis of satellite imagery (r² = 0.94). Finally, the GRID was used to develop an island vulnerability index (IVI) for each LRI on a scale of 0-1 with 0 representing no vulnerability and 1 representing maximum vulnerability. The GRID database is provided as a tab-delimited text file as well as ESRI shapefiles (points and polygons in WGS84 and Mollweide projection) and a comma-separated value file.

Global filtered tropospheric NO2 slant column densities derived from 6-year averages of TROPOMI measurements over water for shipping signal detection

This dataset contains 6-year averages of global filtered tropospheric NO2 slant column densities (tSCDs) retrieved from the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite sensor TROPOMI (Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument) for the period from 1 May 2018 to 30 April 2024. All data are available on a 0.03° x 0.03° grid. The NO2 tSCDs are derived from the total slant columns by subtracting the across-track NO2 slant column stripe offset and spatially averaged stratospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) multiplied with the stratospheric air mass factor (AMF), provided in the TROPOMI NO2 product. The filtered NO2 tSCDs are developed to detect global shipping signals in the NO2 TROPOMI data. Therefore, only pixels over water are available in this dataset. The filtering methods include a high-pass filter with different box sizes (1°, 0.5°, 0.25°) and a Fourier filter. In addition, different flagging criteria are applied to the data with the standard box size of 1° for the high-pass filtering: no flagging, quality (qa) flagging, cloud fraction (CF) flagging, cloud height (CH) flagging, wind speed (wind) flagging, and sun glint (sg) flagging.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1294: Bereich Infrastruktur - Atmospheric and Earth system research with the 'High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft' (HALO), Langwelliger Strahlungsantrieb durch Aerosol-Wolken-Wechselwirkungen: Satelliten und Klimamodelle im Vergleich zu HALO

Der Strahlungsantrieb durch anthropogene Aerosole aufgrund von Aerosol-Wolken-Wechselwirkungen ist die Hauptunsicherheit bezüglich des Antriebs des Klimawandels. Für Flüssigwasserwolken, die den Strahlungsantrieb im solaren (kurzwelligen) Spektrum dominieren, konnten mittlerweile einige Fortschritte in der Quantifizierung erzielt werden. Im Gegensatz dazu gibt es für den Strahlungsantrieb im langwelligen (terrestrischen) Spektralbereich nur sehr grobe Abschätzungen von Klimamodellen. In Vorarbeiten haben wir einen Vorschlag entwickelt, wir aktive Fernerkundung zur Charakterisierung von Eiskristallkonzentrationen und Aerosol benutzt werden könnte, um eine beobachtungsbasierte Abschätzung des Strahlungsantriebs durch Aerosol-Wolken-Wechselwirkungen im langwelligen Spektrum zu ermöglichen. Allerdings sind die Satellitendaten höchst unsicher und benötigen eine Validierung mit Referenzdaten. In FLASH wird vorgeschlagen, (i) die Satelliten-abgeleitete Eiskristallkonzentration sowie ihre Sensitivität bezüglich Temperatur, Vertikalwind und Aerosolbedingungen mit den neuen In-situ-Daten von HALO zu validieren bzw. evaluieren, (ii) die Ableitung der Eiskristallkonzentration vom Satelliten mit der von Lidar und Radar an Bord von HALO zu verifizieren, (iii) Klimamodelle zu evaluieren und zur Interpretation der statistischen Relationen zu benutzen, und (iv) schließlich eine Abschätzung des Strahlungsantriebs durch Aerosol-Wolken-Wechselwirkungen und seines Unsicherheitsbereichs zu erarbeiten. Die Rolle von FLASH im SPP 1294 ist es, die vorhandenen Daten auszuwerten und mit den Daten geplanter Kampagnen in integrierender Weise zu arbeiten mit dem Ziel, eine bessere Abschätzung des Aerosol-Wolken-Strahlungsantriebs zu erreichen, neue innovative Satellitendaten zu validieren, und die relevanten Parametrisierungen in Klimamodellen zu evaluieren und zu verbessern.

Sonderforschungsbereich Transregio 172 (SFB TRR): Arktische Verstärkung: Klimarelevante Atmosphären- und Oberflächenprozesse und Rückkopplungsmechanismen (AC)3, Teilprojekt C03: Atmosphärische Zusammensetzung und Ozeanfarbe der Arktis abgeleitet von Satellitenmessungen

Die Änderungen und Verbindungen zwischen Halogenen und Phytoplankton sowie deren Reaktion auf veränderliche physikalische Eigenschaften (Meereisbedeckung und Dicke, welche abhängig vom Alter, Temperatur, Schichtung, Strahlung, usw. der Ozeanoberfläche und ABL ist) ist der wissenschaftliche Fokus dieses Teilprojekts. Um die Zielsetzungen zu erreichen werden konsistente und gemeinsame Datenprodukte, abgeleitet von Fernerkundungsinstrumenten auf Satelliten, generiert und analysiert um einen genaueren Einblick in die Änderungen der Bestandteile und Phytoplanktonarten sowie CDOM Absorption der letzten Jahrzehnte zu erhalten.

METOP GOME-2 - Cloud Fraction (CF) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks) are used for retrieving the following geophysical cloud properties from GOME and GOME-2 data: cloud fraction (cloud cover), cloud-top pressure (cloud-top height), and cloud optical thickness (cloud-top albedo). OCRA is an optical sensor cloud detection algorithm that uses the PMD devices on GOME / GOME-2 to deliver cloud fractions for GOME / GOME-2 scenes. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

Sentinel-2 Sachsen-Anhalt

Bei dem Datensatz handelt es sich um Fernerkundungsdaten aus dem Copernicus-Programm der Europäischen Kommission und der Europäischen Weltraumorganisation, die für das Gebiet von Sachsen-Anhalt aufbereitet wurden. Die Sentinel-2 Satelliten des Copernicus-Programm liefern multispektrale Aufnahmen im Wellenlängenbereich des sichtbaren Licht (VIS) und nahen Infrarotbereich (NIR) aus denen nahezu wolkenfreie Mosaikbilder erstellt werden. Diese Daten finden insbesondere in der Forst-, Wasser-, und Agrarwirtschaft Anwendung um z.B. zeitliche Veränderungen zu beobachten.

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