API src

Found 1740 results.

Related terms

METOP GOME-2 - Cloud Fraction (CF) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks) are used for retrieving the following geophysical cloud properties from GOME and GOME-2 data: cloud fraction (cloud cover), cloud-top pressure (cloud-top height), and cloud optical thickness (cloud-top albedo). OCRA is an optical sensor cloud detection algorithm that uses the PMD devices on GOME / GOME-2 to deliver cloud fractions for GOME / GOME-2 scenes. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AOD describes the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power by the absence of aerosols. Attenuation can be caused by absorption and/or scattering. AOD is the primary parameter to evaluate the impact of aerosols on weather and climate. Daily AOD observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Index (AI), Level 3 – Global

Aerosol Index (AI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AI is an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Single-Scattering Albedo (ASSA), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol single-scattering albedo (ASSA) as derived from TROPOMI observations. ASSA is a measure of how much light is scattered by aerosols compared to how much is absorbed. It is important for understanding the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative forcing. ASSA is unitless; a value of unity implies that extinction is completely due to scattering; conversely, a single-scattering albedo of zero implies that extinction is completely due to absorption. Daily ASSA observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Layer Height (ALH), Level 3 – Global

Aerosols are an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The Aerosol layer height is provided in kilometres. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ultraviolet Index (UVI), Level 3 – Global

UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1788: Study of Earth system dynamics with a constellation of potential field missions, Effekte durch Schwerewellen in der Thermosphäre/Ionosphäre infolge von Aufwärtskopplung

Das Thermosphären/Ionosphären (T/I) System wird sowohl von oben (solar, geomagnetisch), als auch von unten stark beeinflusst. Einer der wichtigsten Einflüsse von unten sind Wellen (z.B. planetare Wellen, Gezeiten, oder Schwerewellen), die größtenteils in der Troposphäre bzw. an der Tropopause angeregt werden. Die vertikale Ausbreitung der Wellen bewirkt hierbei eine vertikale Kopplung der T/I mit der unteren und mittleren Atmosphäre. Vor allem der Einfluss von Schwerewellen (GW) ist hierbei weitestgehend unverstanden. Einer der Gründe hierfür ist, dass GW sehr kleinskalig sind (einige zehn bis zu wenigen tausend km) - eine Herausforderung, sowohl für Beobachtungen, als auch für Modelle. Wir werden GW Verteilungen in der T/I aus verschiedenen in situ Satelliten-Datensätzen ableiten (z.B., sowohl in Neutral-, als auch in Elektronendichten). Hierfür werden Datensätze der Satelliten(-konstellationen) SWARM, CHAMP, GOCE und GRACE verwendet werden. Es sollen charakteristische globale Verteilungen bestimmt, und die wichtigsten zeitlichen Variationen (z.B. Jahresgang, Halbjahresgang und solarer Zyklus) untersucht werden. Diese GW Verteilungen werden dann mit von den Satelliteninstrumenten HIRDLS und SABER gemessenen Datensätzen (GW Varianzen, GW Impulsflüssen und Windbeschleunigungen durch GW) in der Stratosphäre und Mesosphäre verglichen. Einige Datensätze (CHAMP, GRACE, SABER) sind mehr als 10 Jahre lang. Räumliche und zeitliche Korrelationen zwischen den GW Verteilungen in der T/I (250-500km Höhe) und den GW Verteilungen in der mittleren Atmosphäre (Stratosphäre und Mesosphäre) für den gesamten Höhenbereich 20-100km werden untersucht werden. Diese Korrelationen sollen Aufschluss darüber geben, welche Höhenbereiche und Regionen in der mittleren Atmosphäre den stärksten Einfluss auf die GW Verteilung in der T/I haben. Insbesondere Windbeschleunigungen durch GW, beobachtet von HIRDLS und SABER, können zusätzliche Hinweise darauf geben, ob Sekundär-GW, die mutmaßlich in Gebieten starker GW Dissipation angeregt werden, in entscheidendem Maße zur globalen GW Verteilung in der T/I beitragen. Zusätzlich wird der Versuch unternommen, sowohl GW Impulsfluss, als auch Windbeschleunigungen durch GW aus den Messungen in der T/I abzuleiten. Solche Datensätze sind von besonderem Interesse für einen direkten Vergleich mit von globalen Zirkulationsmodellen simulierten GW Verteilungen in der T/I. Diese werden für eine konsistente Simulation der T/I in Zirkulationsmodellen (GCM) benötigt, stellen dort aber auch eine Hauptunsicherheit dar, da eine Validierung der modellierten GW durch Messungen fehlt.

Auswertung von Fernerkundungsbildern aus Wattgebieten mit Hilfe digitaler Korrelationen

Wattgebiete der deutschen Nordseekueste sollen mit Hilfe von digitalen Korrelationsverfahren auf ein gemeinsames Referenzbild entzerrt werden (unitemporale Korrelation). Zeitliche Aenderungen der Vegetation und der Topographie sollen durch multitemporale Korrelation entdeckt werden. Als Ausgangsdaten dienen digitalisierte Reihenmesskamerabilder, RADAR-Aufnahmen, sowie Magnetbaender des Erderkundungssatelliten LANDSAT und des M2S-Multispektralabtasters.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1294: Bereich Infrastruktur - Atmospheric and Earth system research with the 'High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft' (HALO), CoMet (Carbon Dioxide and Methane) Mission

Confronting Climate Change is one of the paramount societal challenges of our time. The main cause for global warming is the increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere. Together, carbon dioxide and methane, being the two most important greenhouse gases, globally contribute to about 81% of the anthropogenic radiative forcing. However, there are still significant deficits in the knowledge about the budgets of these two major greenhouse gases such that the ability to accurately predict our future climate remains substantially compromised. Different feedback mechanisms which are insufficiently understood have significant impact on the quality of climate projections. In order to accurately predict future climate of our planet and support observing emission targets in the framework of international agreements, the investigation of sources and sinks of the greenhouse gases and their feedback mechanisms is indispensable. In the past years, inverse modelling has emerged as a key method for obtaining quantitative information on the sources and sinks of the greenhouse gases. However, this technique requires the availability of sufficient amounts of precise and independent data on various spatial scales. Therefore, observing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases is of significant importance for this purpose. In contrast to point measurements, airborne instruments are able to provide regional-scale data of greenhouse gases which are urgently required, though currently lacking. Providing such data from remote sensing instruments supported by the best currently available in-situ sensors, and additionally comparing the results of the greenhouse gas columns retrieved from aircraft to the network of ground-based stations is the mission goal of the HALO CoMet campaign. The overarching objective of HALO CoMet is to improve our understanding and to better quantify the carbon dioxide and methane cycles. Through analysing the CoMet data, scientists will accumulate new knowledge on the global distribution and temporal variation of the greenhouse gases. These findings will help to better understand the global carbon cycle and its influence on climate. These new findings will be utilized for predicting future climate change and assessing its impact. Within the frame of CoMet and due to the operational possibilities we will concentrate on small to sub-continental scales. This does not only allow to identify local emission sources of greenhouse gases, but also opens up the opportunity to use important remote sensing and in-situ data information for the inverse modelling approach for regional budgeting. The project also aims at developing new methodologies for greenhouse gas measurements, and promotes technological developments necessary for future Earth-observing satellites.

Wechselwirkung von Schwerewellen und Madden Julian Oszillation

Die Madden-Julian Oszillation (MJO) (Madden & Julian 1971, 1972) ist der dominante Teil der intrasessionalen Variabilität der tropischen Atmosphäre. Sie äußert sich vor allem in ostwärts wandernden Gebieten tiefer Konvektion und erhöhten Niederschlages. Weiterhin beeinflusst die MJO durch dynamische Kopplung das lokale Wetter des Indischen Ozeans und der Pazifischen Inseln. Außerdem spielt die durch vertikale Kopplung vermittelte Interaktion mit anderen wiederkehrenden dynamischen Phänomenen, wie zum Beispiel der Quasizweijahresschwingung der inneren Tropen (Quasi-biennial Oscillation, QBO), eine wichtige Rolle für das Verständnis tropischer Winde. Obwohl die Datenbasis über die MJO, der tiefen tropischen Konvektion und des Niederschlag in den Tropen im Verlauf der letzten Jahrzehnte eine deutliche Verbesserung erfuhr, verbleibt die Modellierung und Simulation der MJO als ein ernstes Problem heutiger atmosphärischer Modelle. Aus diesem Grunde beschäftigt sich das hier vorgeschlagene Projekt mit wichtigen Fragestellungen bezüglich dieser Modellierungsprobleme. Dabei wird auf Methoden, welche während der Anfertigung meiner Doktorarbeit zur Modellierung konvektiver Schwerewellen entstanden, zurückgegriffen. Das Projekt gliedert sich hierbei folgendermaßen in zwei wesentliche wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen:Wie beeinflusst die MJO die Ausbreitung und Dissipation konvektiv angeregter Schwerewellen?Wie wirken diese konvektiven Schwerewellen zurück auf die MJO und deren Konvektion?Das zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen notwendige Werkzeug ist ein gekoppeltes Modell konvektiv angeregter Schwerewellen und ihrer Ausbreitung, welches ich bereits sehr erfolgreich für Studien meiner Dissertation nutzte. Zusätzlich wird die Anwendung des WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) Modells die numerische Modellierung auf der Mesoskala unterstützen. Einen weiteren Fokus setzt das Projekt auf Impulsflussspektren der Schwerewellen und ihrer durch die MJO induzierten Variabilität. Es wird außerdem untersucht, ob diese MJO induzierte Variabilität von Satelliteninstrumenten aus beobachtet werden kann. Dies wird Einsichten in den durch flache und tiefe Konvektion emittierten Schwerewellenimpulsfluss eröffnen. Im Falle der Feedbackmechanismen wird der Schwerpunkt auf den Einfluss des Schwerewellendrag auf die sekundäre Zirkulation der MJO gelegt.

1 2 3 4 5 … 172 173 174