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METOP GOME-2 - Ozone (O3) - Global

Gridded Level 3 ozone column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the stratosphere – where the majority of the total O3 amount is located - O3 plays an vital role for the UV protection. In the troposphere O3 is generated by chemical processes caused by natural and anthropogenic emission of NO2 and volatile organic components (VOCs) (e.g. HCHO). Direct exposure to O3 is harmfull for humans and our environment. The total O3 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the uv wavelength region 325-335nm [using the DOAS method]. To determine the AMF an iterative process is applied, the assumed profile depends on the latitude, month, but also on the total column. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ultraviolet Index (UVI), Level 3 – Global

UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

METOP GOME-2 - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 SO2 total column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. Volcanoes are the largest soures of SO2 in the atmosphere, depending on the erruption the Sulfurous compounds can be injected into stratosphere but in most cases it stays within the troposphere. Another important source is the coal combustion. Desulfurisation facilities within the power stations have reduced the sulfur emissions around the globe. In the stratosphere sulfur is a key component for building up aerosols, which reflect parts of the solar irradiation. The total SO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the ultraviolet wavelength region [using the DOAS method]. Depending on the plume SO2 can be a very strong absorber, because of that the ODAS retrieval might have some smaller issues, they can be reduced by choosing different wavelenght ranges depending on the signal. We apply three different fitting windows between 310 and 360nm. For the AMF, we assume a plumeheight of 6 km altitude. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) - Global

Gridded Level 3 cloud optical thickness derived from Metop/GOME observations. Cloud physical properties (cloud fraction, cloud top height, cloud optical thickness) are derived from GOME/GOME-2 observations using the OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks). For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/ The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AOD describes the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power by the absence of aerosols. Attenuation can be caused by absorption and/or scattering. AOD is the primary parameter to evaluate the impact of aerosols on weather and climate. Daily AOD observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Index (AI), Level 3 – Global

Aerosol Index (AI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AI is an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Layer Height (ALH), Level 3 – Global

Aerosols are an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The Aerosol layer height is provided in kilometres. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1294: Bereich Infrastruktur - Atmospheric and Earth system research with the 'High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft' (HALO), HALO 2020 – Wolkeneinfluss auf solare aktinische Strahlung: Bewertung satelliten-unterstützter Strahlungstransportrechnungen mit HALO Messungen

In diesem Projekt sollen gemessene spektrale aktinische UV/VIS-Strahlungsflussdichten von sechs HALO-Missionen verwendet werden, um Strahlungstransportmodell-Vorhersagen zu überprüfen, die auf der Grundlage von Wolkeneigenschaften aus Satellitenbeobachtungen durchgeführt werden. Fünf der HALO-Missionen wurden bereits durchgeführt: TECHNO (2010), NARVAL-I (2014), OMO (2015), EMERGE (2017/2018) und CAFE-Africa (2018), mit einer Gesamtzahl von etwa 75 Forschungsflügen. Zudem sollen die Daten von CAFE-Brazil (2020) in die Auswertung einfließen. Der Hauptzweck der Messungen der aktinischen Strahlungsflussdichten ist die anschließende Berechnung von Photolysefrequenzen, die wichtige Größen in der Photochemie darstellen. Die HALO-Messungen bieten eine seltene Gelegenheit satelliten-gestützte Strahlungstransportmodell-Vorhersagen von Photolysefrequenzen zu überprüfen, da sie hochaufgelöste Stichproben aus verschiedenen Höhen und global verteilten Einsatzgebieten liefern. Zudem wurden während TECHNO, NARVAL und OMO durch einen Missionspartner spektrale Strahldichtemessungen in Nadir-Richtung durchgeführt. Diese Messungen umfassen den gesamten solaren Spektralbereich und bieten daher unabhängige lokale Informationen über Wolken unter dem Flugzeug, was die Interpretation und korrekte Anwendung der verfügbaren Wolkeneigenschaften erleichtern wird. Das Hauptziel des Projektes ist es herauszufinden, ob gemessene und durch ein Strahlungstransportmodell vorhergesagte Photolysefrequenzen durch den Einsatz der Satellitendaten in akzeptable Übereinstimmung gebracht werden können. Sollte dies gelingen, dann könnten auf der Grundlage satellitengestützter Wolkeninformationen nutzer-definierte 3D Felder von Photolysefrequenzen berechnet werden. Diese Felder können genutzt werden, um Vorhersagen von Chemie-Transportmodellen zu überprüfen, oder sie können in zukünftigen Anwendungen direkt in diese Modelle einfließen. Eine entsprechende Fallstudie soll im Rahmen dieses Projektes durchgeführt werden. Davon würden auch zukünftige HALO-Missionen und deren wissenschaftliche Interpretationen profitieren.

Klimamonitoring mit Radio-Okkultationsdaten

Die Bereitstellung genauer, langzeit-stabiler Messdaten wurde vom Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) im Report des Jahres 2001 als eine der Aktionen höchster Priorität für die zukünftige Klimabeobachtung definiert. Bis jetzt war es nicht möglich, Trends in der Atmosphärentemperatur mit Satellitendaten in überzeugender Genauigkeit zu bestimmen. Radio-Okkultationsdaten (RO), die mittels Signalen von Navigationssatelliten (GNSS - Global Navigation Satellite System) gewonnen werden, haben das Potential, die Probleme traditioneller Datenquellen zu lösen. Die besondere Eignung für die Klimabeobachtung resultiert aus der einzigartigen Kombination aus hoher Genauigkeit, hoher vertikaler Auflösung, Langzeit-Stabilität, globaler Bedeckung und Allwetter-Tauglichkeit. Die Eignung zur Klimabeobachtung wurde durch Simulationsstudien und klimatologische Analysen echter Daten nachgewiesen. CLIMROCC verwendet RO Daten der Okkultationssensoren auf den Satelliten CHAMP, SAC-C, MetOp (Start geplant für April 2006) und COSMIC (Start geplant für März 2006). Mit ihnen werden genaue, validierte Monats-, Saison- und Jahresklimatologien von Temperatur, Geopotentieller Höhe, Feuchte und Refraktivität in der oberen Troposphäre und unteren Stratosphäre (UTLS) mit einer horizontalen Auflösung von ca. 500 - 1500 km berechnet. Diese Arbeit baut auf existierenden Einzelsatelliten-Klimatologien von CHAMP auf, der erstmals die Möglichkeit bot, solche Klimatologien zu bilden. Zurzeit werden Temperaturfelder für die Jahre 2002-2005 berechnet; das Projekt wird Ende 2005 abgeschlossen sein. Durch Hinzunahme weiterer Klimaparameter und Ausweitung auf Multisatelliten-Klimatologien, mithilfe der Daten von COSMIC und MetOp, die eine noch höhere Qualität versprechen, zielt CLIMROCC darauf ab, einen neuen Standard für Referenz- Klimatologien in der UTLS Region zu setzen. Die Klimatologien werden modellunabhängig durch statistische Flächenmittelung berechnet, zusammen mit sorgfältigen Abschätzungen der Beobachtungs- und Repräsentativitätsfehler. Sie werden einerseits mit Analysefeldern der führenden Wettervorhersagezentren validiert, andererseits werden die Klimatologien unterschiedlicher RO Sensoren untereinander verglichen. Basierend auf diesen klimatologischen Feldern werden Indikatoren für den Klimawandel untersucht. Das übergeordnete Ziel von CLIMROCC ist, die Änderung des Klimas in der UTLS Region mit neuartiger Genauigkeit und Konsistenz zu beobachten, und damit unsere Fähigkeit zu verbessern, Klimavariabilität und Klimawandel zu detektieren, die Ursachen zu verstehen und gute Klimavorhersagen zu berechnen.

METOP GOME-2 - Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 NO2 total (NO2 tropospheric) column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the troposphere NO2 is a short-lived atmospheric constituent caused by combustion processes, e.g. fossil fuel consumption or biomass buring or by lightning. In the troposphere as well as in the stratosphere NO2 plays an important role in the ozone chemistry. The total NO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the visible wavelength region around 440nm [using the DOAS method]. To derive tropospheric NO2 columns, the estimated stratospheric component is substracted from the total column. In addition, an air mass factor based on monthly climatological NO2 profiles is considered. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

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