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METOP GOME-2 - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 SO2 total column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. Volcanoes are the largest soures of SO2 in the atmosphere, depending on the erruption the Sulfurous compounds can be injected into stratosphere but in most cases it stays within the troposphere. Another important source is the coal combustion. Desulfurisation facilities within the power stations have reduced the sulfur emissions around the globe. In the stratosphere sulfur is a key component for building up aerosols, which reflect parts of the solar irradiation. The total SO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the ultraviolet wavelength region [using the DOAS method]. Depending on the plume SO2 can be a very strong absorber, because of that the ODAS retrieval might have some smaller issues, they can be reduced by choosing different wavelenght ranges depending on the signal. We apply three different fitting windows between 310 and 360nm. For the AMF, we assume a plumeheight of 6 km altitude. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Ozone (O3) - Global

Gridded Level 3 ozone column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the stratosphere – where the majority of the total O3 amount is located - O3 plays an vital role for the UV protection. In the troposphere O3 is generated by chemical processes caused by natural and anthropogenic emission of NO2 and volatile organic components (VOCs) (e.g. HCHO). Direct exposure to O3 is harmfull for humans and our environment. The total O3 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the uv wavelength region 325-335nm [using the DOAS method]. To determine the AMF an iterative process is applied, the assumed profile depends on the latitude, month, but also on the total column. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

AVHRR - Land Surface Temperature (LST) - Europe, Daytime

The "Land Surface Temperature derived from NOAA-AVHRR data (LST_AVHRR)" is a fixed grid map (in stereographic projection ) with a spatial resolution of 1.1 km. The total size covering Europe is 4100 samples by 4300 lines. Within 24 hours of acquiring data from the satellite, day-time and night-time LSTs are calculated. In general, the products utilise data from all six of the passes that the satellite makes over Europe in each 24 hour period. For the daily day-time LST maps, the compositing criterion for the three day-time passes is maximum NDVI value and for daily night-time LST maps, the criterion is the maximum night-time LST value of the three night-time passes. Weekly and monthly day-time or night-time LST composite products are also produced by averaging daily day-time or daily night-time LST values, respectively. The range of LST values is scaled between –39.5°C and +87°C with a radiometric resolution of 0.5°C. A value of –40°C is used for water. Clouds are masked out as bad values. For additional information, please see: https://wdc.dlr.de/sensors/avhrr/

G20/2025/160 - Neugenehmigung eines BHKW in 24589 Nortorf

Die Stadtwerke Nortorf AöR, Poststraße 21, 24589 Nortorf plant die Neuanlage eines Satelliten Blockheizkraftwerkes in 24589 Nortorf, Heinkenborsteler Weg, Gemarkung Nortorf, Flur 543, Flurstücke 6, 7, 8, 9. Gegenstand des Genehmigungsantrags sind im Wesentlichen folgende Maßnahmen: • Errichtung eines Blockheizkraftwerks in einem Gebäude mit einer Feuerungswärmeleistung von 9,369 Megawatt, mit dazugehörenden Kühlaggregaten, • Errichtung eines Abgaskamins mit einer Höhe von 10,40 m, • Errichtung eines Warmwasserspeichers mit einer Höhe von 16,59 m und einem Außendurchmesser von 16,27 m, einem Volumen von 3.000 Kubikmetern, • Errichtung eines AdBlue Tanks mit einem Fassungsvermögen von 9.000 Litern.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1374: Biodiversitäts-Exploratorien; Exploratories for Long-Term and Large-Scale Biodiversity Research (Biodiversity Exploratories), Teilprojekt: Biodiversität über Skalen hinweg erkunden

In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurden die meisten Grünlandökosysteme in Mitteleuropa durch höhere Düngergaben und durch häufigeres Mähen oder Beweiden verändert. Diese Landnutzungs-Intensivierung hat zwar die Bereitstellung der Ökosystemleistung 'Futterproduktion' verbessert, jedoch die Biodiversität und die Bereitstellung anderer Ökosystemleistungen negativ beeinflusst. Vor allem aufgrund räumlicher Diskrepanzen zwischen ökologischen Prozessen und Managementeinheiten in gekoppelten sozial-ökologischen Systemen fehlt bisher ein mechanistisches Verständnis zu Effekten der Landnutzungs-Intensivierung auf die Beziehung der Biodiversität zu Ökosystemfunktionen und -leistungen. In unserem Projekt SEBAS wollen wir dieses mechanistische Verständnis verbessern, indem wir plotbasierte ökologische Forschung zur Landnutzungsintensität und zu sechs grundlegenden Biodiversitätsvariablen (engl. EBVs) mit einer satellitenbasierten Fernerkundung dieser Proxies verbinden. Wir werden Beziehungen zwischen funktionaler und struktureller Diversität und der Ökosystemleistung 'Futterproduktion' (oberirdische Biomasse bzw. Primärnettoproduktion) für managementrelevante Flächen analysieren. Dies sind Wiesen- bzw. Weideflächen, landwirtschaftliche Betriebe und Landschaften. Wir stellen die Hypothesen auf, dass (i) die sechs EBVs auf mehreren räumlichen Skalen unter Verwendung multimodaler Satellitenbild-Zeitreihendaten abgeleitet werden können, die mit vorhandenen und neu erhobenen Daten zur Landnutzungsintensität und zu EBVs kalibriert und validiert wurden; und dass (ii) Auswirkungen der Landnutzung auf die Beziehung der Biodiversität zu Ökosystemfunktionen und -leistungen über räumliche Skalen hinweg variieren. Hierbei dürfte die funktionale und strukturelle Diversität eine Schlüsselrolle für die Höhe und zeitliche Stabilität der Futterproduktion spielen. Das Projekt wird räumlich explizite EBV-Produkte auf Satelliten- und UAV-Basis liefern sowie neue Methoden entwickeln, die auf multiskalierten und multimodalen Fernerkundungs-Datensätzen (PlanetScope, RapidEye, Sentinel 1 & 2, Landsat, MODIS) sowie auf maschinellen Lern- und Hybridmodellen basieren. Durch Raum-für-Zeit-Substitutionen für Klimawandel und Landnutzungswandel werden wir zudem interaktive Auswirkungen dieser beiden wichtigsten Treiber des Globalen Wandels auf die Beziehung der Biodiversität zu Ökosystemfunktionen und -leistungen analysieren. Hierfür werden wir direkte und indirekte (biodiversitätsvermittelte) Auswirkungen der beiden Treiber auf die Futterproduktion mittels eines sozial-ökologischen Systemansatzes formalisieren und über Strukturgleichungsmodellen quantifizieren. Auf diese Weise werden wir ein tieferes Verständnis der Ökosystemfunktionen und -leistungen in mitteleuropäischen Grünländern erlangen.

Nachtaufnahme Hamburg

Bei dieser Nachtaufnahme handelt es sich um ein Mosaik, welches aus zwei unterschiedlichen Datensätzen besteht. Datensatz 1 [Zentrum und Randgebiete] - Satellitenaufnahmen: Jilin-1 - Spektrale Auflösung: RGB - Aufnahmezeitraum: 12/21 – 01/22 - Quelle: Chang Guang Satellite Technology CO., LTD (CGSTL)/Veritas Imagery Services Ltd Datensatz 2 [vereinzelte Randgebiete] - Astronautenphotographie: NASA - Spektrale Auflösung: RGB - Aufnahmezeitraum: 03/22 - Quelle: Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA Johnson Space Center; https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ Hinweise: Die Datensätze unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich ihrer geometrischen Auflösung. Die Datensätze sind spektral nicht zueinander kalibriert. Verwendung nur zu Visualisierungszwecken.

Post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO Geopotential GSM Coefficients COST-G RL02 (Level-2B Product)

Post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO spherical harmonic coefficients of COST-G RL02 Level-2 GSM products representing an estimate of Earth's gravity field variations during the specified timespan. Post-processing steps comprise: (1) subtraction of a long-term mean field; (2) optionally, decorrelation and smoothing with VDK filter (anisotropic filter taking the actual error covariance information of the underlying GSM coefficients into account, see Horvath et al. (2018)); (3) replacement of coefficients C20 and C30 (only for the months within the period from 2016/11 through 2017/06) and its formal standard deviations by values estimated from a combination of GRACE/GRACE-FO and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR); (4) subtraction of linear trend caused by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) as provided by a numerical model; (5) insertion of geocenter coefficients (C10, C11, S11); and (6) removal of estimated aliased signal of the S2 tide (161 days period). These coefficients represent signals caused by water mass redistribution over the continents and in the oceans. These post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO GSM products are denoted as Level-2B products. There are multiple variants of Level-2B products available that differ by the characteristics of the anisotropic filter applied. These variants are distinguishable by the following strings in the product file names: - 'NFIL': Level-2B product is not filtered - 'VDK1': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK1 - 'VDK2': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK2 - 'VDK3': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK3 - 'VDK4': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK4 - 'VDK5': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK5 - 'VDK6': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK6 - 'VDK7': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK7 - 'VDK8': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK8 The individual auxiliary data sets and models used during the post-processing steps mentioned above are provided as well (in the aux_data folder): - 'GRAVIS-2B_COSTG_0200_2002095-2020091_NFIL_0001.gz': Long-term mean field calculated as unweighted average of the 183 available GFZ RL06 GSM products in the period from 2002/04 through 2020/03 - 'GRAVIS-2B_COSTG_0200_GRACE+SLR_LOW_DEGREES_0001.dat': Time series of coefficients C20, C30, C21 and S21 estimated from a combination of GRACE/GRACE-FO and SLR - 'GRAVIS-2B_COSTG_0200_GIA_ICE-6G_D_VM5a_0001.gz': Model from Peltier et al. (2018) for subtraction of linear trend caused by GIA - 'GRAVIS-2B_COSTG_0200_GEOCENTER_0001.dat': Time series with geocenter coefficients estimated from COST-G RL02.1 Further information about the Level-2B products and the auxiliary data is provided in the header of the corresponding data files. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Version History: 22 July 2025: Initial release of the data (Version 0001).

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Surface Nitrogendioxide (NO2), Level 4 – Regional (Germany and neighboring countries)

The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AOD describes the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power by the absence of aerosols. Attenuation can be caused by absorption and/or scattering. AOD is the primary parameter to evaluate the impact of aerosols on weather and climate. Daily AOD observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Single-Scattering Albedo (ASSA), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol single-scattering albedo (ASSA) as derived from TROPOMI observations. ASSA is a measure of how much light is scattered by aerosols compared to how much is absorbed. It is important for understanding the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative forcing. ASSA is unitless; a value of unity implies that extinction is completely due to scattering; conversely, a single-scattering albedo of zero implies that extinction is completely due to absorption. Daily ASSA observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

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