Floristische und soziologische Untersuchungen im Naturschutzgebiet Alter Rhein bei Bienen-Praest (Altrheinschlinge im Kreis Kleve), Kernstueck des ueberregionalen Schutzgebiets Unterer Niederrhein, deuten auf dramatische, voellig unerwartete Verschiebungen im Florenbestand und im Gesellschaftsaufbau innerhalb von nur 15 Jahren hin: Zwar stieg die Artenzahl von rund 170 (1975) auf knapp 200 (1990) an, doch spiegeln sich darin vor allem negative Biotopveraenderungen wider (zB Zunahme von Trockniszeigern, Stickstoffzeigern und Salzzeigern). Auf Gesellschaftsebene ergab sich ein aehnliches Bild. Auch hier darf der zahlenmaessige Anstieg deutlich unterscheidbarer Gefaesspflanzengemeinschaften (1975: 18, 1990: 21) nicht ueber negative Entwicklungstendenzen hinwegtaeuschen (zB ernsthafte Gefaehrdung der seltenen Seekannengesellschaften und des Wasserschwadenroehrichts). Als Gruende dafuer wurden ua eine Verschlechterung der Wasser- und Bodenqualitaet durch Ueberweidung, Intensivduengung umliegender Kulturflaechen, Herbizidverschleppung, Abwassereinleitung, Salzfracht des Hauptstroms und nicht zuletzt atmosphaerischer Schadstoffeintrag festgestellt. Im Interesse grossraeumiger Planungen zur Erhaltung und Sicherung, vor allem aber auch einer naturnahen Rueckentwicklung wurden inzwischen auch andere Feuchtbiotope des genannten Schutzgebiets von internationaler Bedeutung in die Erhebungen und Untersuchungen einbezogen.
Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) is a plant pathogen of economic and ecologic importance. It is globally distributed in a wide range of forest, fruit, and ornamental trees and shrubs. In several areas of cherry and walnut production CLRV causes severe losses in yield and quality. With current reference to the rapid dissemination and strong symptom expression in Finnish birches and the Germany-wide distribution of CLRV in birches and elderberry, we continuously investigate and gradually reveal CLRV transmission pathways as by pollen, seeds or water. However, modes and interactions responsible for the wide intergeneric host transmission as well as for the exceptional CLRV epidemic in Fennoscandia still remain unknown. In this project systematic studies shall investigate biological vectors as a causal agent to finally derive control mechanisms and strategies to avoid new epidemics in different hosts and geographic regions. Detailed monitoring of the invertebrate fauna of birch stands/forests and elderberry plantations in Germany and Finland shall reveal potential vectors to subsequently study them in detail by approved virus detection methods and transmission experiments. Molecular analyses of the CLRV coat protein shall prove its role as a viral determinant for a virus/vector interaction. Consequently, this project essentially will contribute important answers on the CLRV epidemiology, and this will be a key element within the first network of research on plant viral pathogens in forest trees.
Subproject 3 will investigate the effect of shifting from continuously flooded rice cropping to crop rotation (including non-flooded systems) and diversified crops on the soil fauna communities and associated ecosystem functions. In both flooded and non-flooded systems, functional groups with a major impact on soil functions will be identified and their response to changing management regimes as well as their re-colonization capability after crop rotation will be quantified. Soil functions corresponding to specific functional groups, i.e. biogenic structural damage of the puddle layer, water loss and nutrient leaching, will be determined by correlating soil fauna data with soil service data of SP4, SP5 and SP7 and with data collected within this subproject (SP3). In addition to the field data acquired directly at the IRRI, microcosm experiments covering the broader range of environmental conditions expected under future climate conditions will be set up to determine the compositional and functional robustness of major components of the local soil fauna. Food webs will be modeled based on the soil animal data available to gain a thorough understanding of i) the factors shaping biological communities in rice cropping systems, and ii) C- and N-flow mediated by soil communities in rice fields. Advanced statistical modeling for quantification of species - environment relationships integrating all data subsets will specify the impact of crop diversification in rice agro-ecosystems on soil biota and on the related ecosystem services.
Observation et etude des effets meteorologiques locaux des tours de refroidissement de centrale nucleaires, principalement dans le cadre des constats meteorologiques de Goesgen et de Leibstadt. A Goesgen, un reseau de 6 cameras automatiques a permis d'observer l'evolution du panache de vapeur et de son ombre portee au sol. Une distribution fine de la diminution d'insolation autour de la tour de refroidissement sera ainsi obtenue. Des mesures de temperature, humidite, duree d'insolation et de precipitations ont ete egalement effectuees en quelques points avant et apres la mise en service de cette tour de refroidissement. Leur comparaison permet de cerner les modifications de ces parametres qui ont pu intervenir apres cette mise en service. Des mesures analogues ont debute a Leibstadt. En cas de besoin, les resultats de ces etudes seront extrapoles a d'autres projets de tour de refroidissement. (FRA)
Background and Objectives: The project area is located in the Ashanti Region of Ghana / West Africa in the transition zone of the moist semideciduous forest and tropical savannah zone. Main land use in this region is subsistence agriculture with large fallow areas. As an alternative land-use, forest plantations are under development by the Ghanaian wood processing company DuPaul Wood Treatment Ltd. Labourers from the surrounding villages are employed as permanent or casual plantation workers. Within three forest plantation projects of approximately 6,000 ha, DuPaul offers an area of 164 ha (referred to as Papasi Plantation) - which is mainly planted with Teak (Tectona grandis) - for research purposes. In return, the company expects consultations to improve the management for sustainable timber and pole production with exotic and native tree species. Results: In a first research approach, the Papasi Plantation was assessed in terms of vegetation classification, timber resources (in qualitative and quantitative terms) and soil and site conditions. A permanent sampling plot system was established to enable long-term monitoring of stand dynamics including observation of stand response to silvicultural treatments. Site conditions are ideally suited for Teak and some stands show exceptionally good growth performances. However, poor weed management and a lack of fire control and silvicultural management led to high mortality and poor growth performance of some stands, resulting in relative low overall growth averages. In a second step, a social baseline study was carried out in the surrounding villages and identified landowner conflicts between some villagers and DuPaul, which could be one reason for the fire damages. However, the study also revealed a general interest for collaboration in agroforestry on DuPaul land on both sides. Thirdly, a silvicultural management concept was elaborated and an improved integration of the rural population into DuPaul's forest plantation projects is already initiated. If landowner conflicts can be solved, the development of forest plantations can contribute significantly to the economic income of rural households while environmental benefits provide long-term opportunities for sustainable development of the region. Funding: GTZ supported PPP-Measure, Foundation
Der WebFeatureService (WFS) stellt die gemeldeten "Online-Anliegen" der Bürger und Unternehmen, wie z.B. Schlaglöcher oder beschädigte Verkehrslichter, im Melde-Michel dar. Zur genaueren Beschreibung der Daten und Datenverantwortung nutzen Sie bitte den Verweis zur Datensatzbeschreibung.
Die Mängelmeldungen der Bürger und Unternehmen wie z.B. Schlaglöcher oder beschädigte Verkehrszeichen werden in einer Datenbank gespeichert und bereitgestellt und im Melde-Michel sichtbar dargestellt.
Der Melde-Michel stellt in der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg einen Mängelmeldedienst für Bürger und Unternehmen im Rahmen einer Webanwendung zur Verfügung. Die Meldung von Mängeln ist ebenfalls telefonisch über den Telefonischen HamburgService (Telefonnummer 115) möglich. Hierbei werden Infrastruktur-Mängel z. B. Schlaglöcher, beschädigte Verkehrslichter, Schäden beim städtischen Grün und mehr auf einfache Weise an die jeweils zuständige Dienststelle oder das jeweils beauftragte Unternehmen übermittelt. Bei der Nutzung via Smartphone kann die Lokalisierung mittels Standortermittlung erfolgen. Zusätzlich zur auszuwählenden Schaden-Kategorie können optional weitere Informationen, z.B. Beschreibung, Kontaktdaten und Fotos mitgegeben werden.
In today's biodiversity crisis, there is an urgent need to monitor terrestrial and aquatic species in their natural habitats, especially those that may be endangered, invasive or elusive. Traditional species observation methods, based on acoustic or observational surveys are inefficient, costly and time consuming. On the other hand, DNA is continuously deposited in the environment from natural processes and this environmental DNA (eDNA) allows us to detect species and reconstruct their communities with a high level of sensitivity. These data can be used to obtain occurrence records and to collect more population information in field. Crucially, these data are necessary to inform management agencies about the current state of our biodiversity, and are especially urgent for species that are currently data deficient. The aims of this study are to firstly identify occurrence records from diverse sources (databases, literature) and generate a database of distributional data for species of crustacean and mollusks that are data deficient in Sweden. Secondly, we aim to detect threatened species in Swedish marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats using novel genomic methods (DNA metabarcoding, ddPCR). Finally, based on the new data, we will run species distribution and population models, to improve information on geographic range and population status for threatened invertebrates. The results will be integrated into current monitoring programmes (e.g. red-listing) and action plans.
Deviant behaviour on various levels of the food supply chain may cause food risks. It entails irregular technological procedures which cause (increased probabilities of) adverse outcomes for buyers and consumers. Besides technological hazards and hitherto unknown health threats, moral hazard and malpractice in food businesses represent an additional source of risk which can be termed 'behavioural food risk'. From a regulatory perspective, adverse outcomes associated with deviance represent negative externalities that are caused by the breaking of rules designed to prevent them. From a rational choice perspective, the probability of malpractice increases with the benefits for its authors. It decreases with the probability of detection and resulting losses. It also decreases with bonds to social norms that protect producers from yielding to economic temptations. The design of mechanisms that reduce behavioural risks and prevent malpractice requires an understanding of why food businesses obey or do not obey the rules. This project aims to contribute to a better understanding of malpractice on the restaurant/retail level through comparative case studies and statistical analyses of food inspection and survey data. Accounting for the complexity of economic behaviour, we will not only look at economic incentives but consider all relevant behavioural determinants, including social context factors.
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