Introduction: By 2020, the community Wuestenrot wants to cover its energy needs through the utilization of renewable energy sources, such as biomass, solar energy, wind power and geothermal energy, within the town area of 3000 hectares. In order to elaborate a practicable scheme for realizing this idea in a 'real' community and to develop a roadmap for implementation, the project 'EnVisaGe' under the leadership of the Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences (HFT Stuttgart) was initiated. Accompanying particular demonstration projects are a) the implementation of a plus-energy district with 16 houses connected to a low exergy grid for heating and cooling, b) a biomass district heating grid with integrated solar thermal plants. Project goal: The aim of the project is to develop a durable roadmap for the energy self-sufficient and energy-plus community of Wüstenrot. The roadmap shall be incorporated in an energy usage plan for the community, that shall be implemented by 2020 and brings Wüstenrot in an energy-plus status on the ecobalance sheet. A main feature within the EnVisaGe project is the implementation of a 14,703-m2 energy-plus model district called 'Vordere Viehweide'. It consists of 16 residential houses, supplied by a cold local heating network connected to a large geothermal ('agrothermal') collector. Here PV systems for generating electricity are combined with decentralised heat pumps and thermal storage systems for providing domestic hot water as well as with batteries for storing electricity. Another demonstration project is a district heating grid fed by biomass and solar thermal energy in the neighbourhood 'Weihenbronn'. It's based on a formerly oil-fired grid for the town hall and was extended to an adjacent residential area.
Zielsetzung: Derzeit bewirtschaften Kleinwaldbesitzer ca. 60% der Europäischen Wälder. Damit liefern sie einen großen Anteil des Rohstoffes Holz für die Holz- und Papierindustrie und sichern die vielfältigen Ökosystemleistungen unserer Wälder. Europaweit stattfindende gesellschaftliche Veränderungen wie z.B. Urbanisierung, Gleichberechtigung oder digitaler Wandel verändern auch die Werte und Überzeugungen von Kleinwaldbesitzern und damit deren Einstellung und Bereitschaft zur Waldbewirtschaftung und Holzernte. Allerdings existieren zwischen den verschiedenen europäischen Ländern große Unterschiede in der Größe und Struktur von Kleinwaldbesitzern. Zudem unterscheiden sich die nationalen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und die finanziellen und strukturellen Anreizsysteme für eine nachhaltige Holzproduktion. Ziel des hier vorgeschlagenen Projektes ValoFor ist es, den Beitrag von Kleinwaldbesitzern beim Übergang zu einer auf Holzrohstoffen basierten Bioökonomie zu verstehen, und dabei die Werte und Überzeugungen der Kleinwaldbesitzer zu berücksichtigen. Dazu gehören die Analyse und der Vergleich von Waldbewirtschaftungsstrategien in Bezug auf die potenzielle Holzversorgung, Ökosystemleistungen und die Widerstandsfähigkeit der Wälder gegen den Klimawandel. Unsere Analyse soll die folgenden Schwerpunkte umfassen: 1) die Identifizierung von Schwellenwerten im Verhalten von Kleinwaldbesitzern in Bezug auf wirtschaftliche und sozioökonomische Faktoren mittels Umfragen und Entscheidungsexperimenten; 2) die Modellierung der Holzversorgung und die Bereitstellung von Ökosystemleistungen im Rahmen von drei Bewirtschaftungsstrategien unter Verwendung von Wachstumssimulationen und nationalen Waldinventuren und 3) eine quantitative Abwägung zwischen Holzproduktion, verschiedenen Ökosystemleistungen und der Widerstandsfähigkeit der Wälder gegenüber dem Klimawandel. Eine ökonomische Bewertung wird die Holzerträge in wirtschaftliche Prognosen für typische Kleinwaldbesitzer unter Berücksichtigung der europäischen und nationalen Holzmärkte und -Rahmenbedingungen umsetzen. ValoFor soll neue Erkenntnisse über das gekoppelte soziale-natürliche System der bewirtschafteten Wälder ermöglichen, und die tatsächlich erzielbaren Beiträge von Kleinwaldbesitzer zu den Herausforderungen einer biobasierten Wirtschaft quantifizieren. Darüber hinaus sollen Hindernisse für die Einbeziehung von Kleinwaldbesitzer in die Holzrohstoffproduktion ermittelt werden, und Instrumente für ihre Einbeziehung in die aktive Bewirtschaftung vorgeschlagen werden. ValoFor ist eine Projektkooperation mit Partnern aus Slowenien, Österreich, Deutschland, Schweden und Finnland und deckt damit knapp 50% der europäischen Rundholzproduktion ab und integriert Waldökosysteme vom Mittelmeerraum bis zum borealen Nadelwald.
Progress to targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals is a dataset under the National Energy and Climate Progress Reports (NECPRs), which is reported every second year (starting in 2023) by EU Member States. The dataset provides information regarding Member State's GHG and removals targets and progress in achieving them. The EEA collects and quality checks this data. The dataset links to data from GHG inventories and projections (also collected by the EEA), as well as Annual Emission Allocations (AEAs). This reporting obligation comes from the Governance Regulation 2018/1999, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2299 (Annex I).
Auf- und Abbauprozesse im marinen Oekosystem der westlichen Ostsee unter dem Einfluss von Abwaessern werden untersucht. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Blaualgen und heterotrophen Bakterien werden dabei von besonderem Interesse sein. Das Studium dieser Prozesse erfolgt in der westlichen Ostsee und in Fjorden der schwedischen Ostseekueste. An Methoden kommen die Mikroautoradiographic, die Tritium-Tracer Technik sowie die C14-H3-Doppelmarkierung zur Anwendung.
Deviant behaviour on various levels of the food supply chain may cause food risks. It entails irregular technological procedures which cause (increased probabilities of) adverse outcomes for buyers and consumers. Besides technological hazards and hitherto unknown health threats, moral hazard and malpractice in food businesses represent an additional source of risk which can be termed 'behavioural food risk'. From a regulatory perspective, adverse outcomes associated with deviance represent negative externalities that are caused by the breaking of rules designed to prevent them. From a rational choice perspective, the probability of malpractice increases with the benefits for its authors. It decreases with the probability of detection and resulting losses. It also decreases with bonds to social norms that protect producers from yielding to economic temptations. The design of mechanisms that reduce behavioural risks and prevent malpractice requires an understanding of why food businesses obey or do not obey the rules. This project aims to contribute to a better understanding of malpractice on the restaurant/retail level through comparative case studies and statistical analyses of food inspection and survey data. Accounting for the complexity of economic behaviour, we will not only look at economic incentives but consider all relevant behavioural determinants, including social context factors.
Steroid hormones are essential in orchestrating oocyte maturation, i.e. estrogens of follicular origin support the development of the female gamete and fertilization. In this project the concentration of free and conjugated estrogens during follicular development will be analysed and compared to local concentrations in the developing follicle. Cattle are suitable animal models because of the accessibility and suitability for frequent examination and sampling. Furthermore, it has been useful for understanding several features of human reproduction including follicular dynamics, the fate of the emerging follicles is orchestrated mainly by gonadotropins and steroid hormones in a similar manner. Ovarian SULT1E1 participates locally in the regulation of follicular estrogen activity. The ESTcatalysed down-regulation of estrogen activity enables normal ovulation. Conversely, sulfoconjugated estrogens may also be precursors of the production of free estrogens depending on estrogen sulfatase (StS) acitivity. In mammals, follicular luteinisation/ovulation is triggered by a surge in LH and is characterised by numerous physical and biochemical changes, including the decreased production of estradiol (E2). This loss in E2 biosynthetic capacity has been explained by a marked decrease in the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes involved in the follicular production of active estrogens. However, little is known about the regulation of enzymes/proteins responsible for the inactivation and elimination of estrogens, as mediated for example by EST during this period.
The Tropical Glaciology Group's research on Kilimanjaro started in 2002 and is in progress. Central aspects of our research plan are: 1) Development of the working hypothesis: From a synopsis of (i) proxy data indicating changes in East African climate since ca. 1850, (ii) 20th century instrumental data (temperature and precipitation), and (iii) the observations and interpretations made during two periods of fieldwork (June 2001 and July 2002) a scenario of modern glacier retreat on Kibo is reconstructed. This scenario offers the working hypothesis for our project. 2) Impact of local climate on the glaciers: This goal involves micrometeorological measurements on the glaciers, and the application of collected data to full glacier energy and mass balance models. These models quantify the impact of local climate on a glacier, based on pure physical system knowledge. Our models are validated by measured mass loss and surface temperature. 3) Latest Extent of the Kilimanjaro glaciers: Here, a satellite image was analyzed to derive the surface area and spatial distribution of glaciers on Kilimanjaro in February 2003. To validate this approach, an aerial flight was conducted in July 2005. 4) Linking local climate to large-scale circulation: As glacier behavior on Kilimanjaro, a totally free-standing mountain, is likely to reflect changes in larger-scale climate, this goal explores the large-scale climate mechanisms driving local Kilimanjaro climate. Well known large-scale forcings of east African climate are sea surface temperature variations in the Pacific and, more important, in the Indian Ocean. 5) Regional modification of large-scale circulation: The regional precipitation response in East Africa due to large-scale forcing is not adequately resolved in a global climate model as used in 4). Thus, mesoscale model experiments with the numerical atmospheric model RAMS will be conducted within this goal. They are thought to reveal the modification of atmospheric flow by the Kilimanjaro massif on a regional scale. 6) Practical aspects: Based on micro- and mesoscale results, (i) how much water is provided by glaciers, (ii) providing future projections of glacier behavior as basis for economic and societal studies (practical part), e.g., for studies on the impact of vanishing glaciers on Kibo's touristic appeal, and (iii) which impact does deforestation on the Kilimanjaro slopes have on summit climate? Referring to item 2), two new automatic weather stations have been installed in February 2005. They complete a station operated by Massachusetts University on the surface of the Northern Icefield since 2000.
DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]
DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]
DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]
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