Boron (B) is an essential microelement for plants. Despite the use of modern fertilization methods, B deficiency still causes losses in agricultural plant production. Even though many positive effects of B on plant growth and physiology have been reported, a large majority of B functions and the regulatory mechanisms controlling the B nutritional status remain unknown. The main objective of this project is to elucidate how the greatly B deficiency-sensitive Brassica crop plants process and regulate their B status during vegetative and reproductive growth. In this context, the project aims at identifying the mode of action of B in mechanisms regulating the B status itself and uncovering those mechanisms contributing to B efficiency in different genotypes. Plant species subjected to investigation will be the agronomically important oilseed and vegetable plant Brassica napus (rapeseed) and its close relative the genetic and molecular model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Questions addressed within the scope of this project should lead to a detailed understanding of mechanisms controlling B uptake and allocation from the level of the whole plant down to the cellular level. B transport routes and rates will be determined in sink- and source tissues and in developmental periods with a particularly high B demand. A special focus will be on the identification of B transport bottlenecks and the analysis of B deficiency-sensitive transport processes to and within the highly B-demanding reproductive organs. Recent studies in Arabidopsis suggest that Nodulin26-like Intrinsic Proteins (NIPs), which belong to the aquaporin channel protein family, are essential for plant B uptake and distribution. The systematic focus on the molecular and physiological characterization of B. napus NIPs will clarify their role in B transport and will identify novel NIP-associated mechanisms playing key roles in the B response network.To further resolve the mostly unknown impact of the B nutritional status on gene regulation and metabolism, a transcript and metabolite profile of B-sufficient and B-deficient rapeseed plants will be generated. Additionally, an Arabidopsis transcription factor knockout collection (greater 300 lines) will be screened for abnormalities in responses to the B nutritional status. This will identify yet unknown B-responsive genes (transcription factors and their targets) and gene products (enzymes or metabolite variations) playing key roles in signalling pathways and mechanisms regulating the B homeostasis. Boron (in form of boric acid) and arsenite (As) share in all likelihood the same NIP-mediated transport pathways. To assess the consequences of this dual transport pathway the so far unstudied impact of the plants B nutritional status on the accumulation and distribution of As will be investigated in B. napus. Moreover, the current dimension of the As contamination of Brassica-based food products, to which consumers are exposed to, will be analyzed. usw.
Auf- und Abbauprozesse im marinen Oekosystem der westlichen Ostsee unter dem Einfluss von Abwaessern werden untersucht. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Blaualgen und heterotrophen Bakterien werden dabei von besonderem Interesse sein. Das Studium dieser Prozesse erfolgt in der westlichen Ostsee und in Fjorden der schwedischen Ostseekueste. An Methoden kommen die Mikroautoradiographic, die Tritium-Tracer Technik sowie die C14-H3-Doppelmarkierung zur Anwendung.
Zielsetzung: Bereits 1987 wurde in einem Firmengebaeude in Wetzlar erstmals der Erdsondenteil einer erdgekoppelten Waermepumpe als Kaeltespeicher benutzt und direkt zur Kuehlung eines Konferenzraumes im Sommer herangezogen. Nunmehr sollen durch weitere Untersuchungen die Einsatzfaehigkeit und Auslegungskriterien fuer derartige energiesparende Raumkuehlungsanlagen festgestellt werden. Arbeiten und bisherige Ergebnisse: In zwei Gebaeuden (Technorama, Duesseldorf, und Betriebsgebaeude Geotherm, Linden) wird eine Raumkuehlung mit Kaeltespeicherung im Erdreich betrieben. Dabei ist in Linden nur die direkte Kaelterueckgewinnung vorgesehen, waehrend in Duesseldorf zur Deckung des Spitzenbedarfs reversible Waermepumpen zugeschaltet werden koennen. Beide Anlagen haben im Sommer 1991 voll zufriedenstellend gearbeitet. Studien fuer den Einsatz in anderen Gebaeuden liegen vor; fuer die Auslegungsrechnung wurden PC-Programme der Universitaet Lund, Schweden, eingesetzt. In einem eigenen Projekt wurde ein Bericht zum Stand der Technik erstellt.
Introduction: By 2020, the community Wuestenrot wants to cover its energy needs through the utilization of renewable energy sources, such as biomass, solar energy, wind power and geothermal energy, within the town area of 3000 hectares. In order to elaborate a practicable scheme for realizing this idea in a 'real' community and to develop a roadmap for implementation, the project 'EnVisaGe' under the leadership of the Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences (HFT Stuttgart) was initiated. Accompanying particular demonstration projects are a) the implementation of a plus-energy district with 16 houses connected to a low exergy grid for heating and cooling, b) a biomass district heating grid with integrated solar thermal plants. Project goal: The aim of the project is to develop a durable roadmap for the energy self-sufficient and energy-plus community of Wüstenrot. The roadmap shall be incorporated in an energy usage plan for the community, that shall be implemented by 2020 and brings Wüstenrot in an energy-plus status on the ecobalance sheet. A main feature within the EnVisaGe project is the implementation of a 14,703-m2 energy-plus model district called 'Vordere Viehweide'. It consists of 16 residential houses, supplied by a cold local heating network connected to a large geothermal ('agrothermal') collector. Here PV systems for generating electricity are combined with decentralised heat pumps and thermal storage systems for providing domestic hot water as well as with batteries for storing electricity. Another demonstration project is a district heating grid fed by biomass and solar thermal energy in the neighbourhood 'Weihenbronn'. It's based on a formerly oil-fired grid for the town hall and was extended to an adjacent residential area.
Subproject 3 will investigate the effect of shifting from continuously flooded rice cropping to crop rotation (including non-flooded systems) and diversified crops on the soil fauna communities and associated ecosystem functions. In both flooded and non-flooded systems, functional groups with a major impact on soil functions will be identified and their response to changing management regimes as well as their re-colonization capability after crop rotation will be quantified. Soil functions corresponding to specific functional groups, i.e. biogenic structural damage of the puddle layer, water loss and nutrient leaching, will be determined by correlating soil fauna data with soil service data of SP4, SP5 and SP7 and with data collected within this subproject (SP3). In addition to the field data acquired directly at the IRRI, microcosm experiments covering the broader range of environmental conditions expected under future climate conditions will be set up to determine the compositional and functional robustness of major components of the local soil fauna. Food webs will be modeled based on the soil animal data available to gain a thorough understanding of i) the factors shaping biological communities in rice cropping systems, and ii) C- and N-flow mediated by soil communities in rice fields. Advanced statistical modeling for quantification of species - environment relationships integrating all data subsets will specify the impact of crop diversification in rice agro-ecosystems on soil biota and on the related ecosystem services.
Progress to targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals is a dataset under the National Energy and Climate Progress Reports (NECPRs), which is reported every second year (starting in 2023) by EU Member States. The dataset provides information regarding Member State's GHG and removals targets and progress in achieving them. The EEA collects and quality checks this data. The dataset links to data from GHG inventories and projections (also collected by the EEA), as well as Annual Emission Allocations (AEAs). This reporting obligation comes from the Governance Regulation 2018/1999, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2299 (Annex I).
DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]
Deviant behaviour on various levels of the food supply chain may cause food risks. It entails irregular technological procedures which cause (increased probabilities of) adverse outcomes for buyers and consumers. Besides technological hazards and hitherto unknown health threats, moral hazard and malpractice in food businesses represent an additional source of risk which can be termed 'behavioural food risk'. From a regulatory perspective, adverse outcomes associated with deviance represent negative externalities that are caused by the breaking of rules designed to prevent them. From a rational choice perspective, the probability of malpractice increases with the benefits for its authors. It decreases with the probability of detection and resulting losses. It also decreases with bonds to social norms that protect producers from yielding to economic temptations. The design of mechanisms that reduce behavioural risks and prevent malpractice requires an understanding of why food businesses obey or do not obey the rules. This project aims to contribute to a better understanding of malpractice on the restaurant/retail level through comparative case studies and statistical analyses of food inspection and survey data. Accounting for the complexity of economic behaviour, we will not only look at economic incentives but consider all relevant behavioural determinants, including social context factors.
The grid is based on the recommendation at the 1st European Workshop on Reference Grids in 2003 and later INSPIRE geographical grid systems. For each country three vector polygon grid shape files, 1, 10 and 100 km, are available. The grids cover at least country borders - plus 15km buffer - and, where applicable, marine Exclusive Economic Zones v7.0 - plus 15km buffer - (www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/marbound). Note that the extent of the grid into the marine area does not reflect the extent of the territorial waters.
This subproject aims to analyze the fragmentation of forest policy at both an international and national level for the selected countries, employing a discourse analysis approach. It is split into two sub-subprojects (SSPs). 'SSPa' conducts an analysis of discursive genealogies of forest policy in Germany, Sweden, and the US. 'SSPb' investigates the history of forest related discourses in three global environmental policy processes (UNFF, CBD, and UNFCCC). In doing so, both SSPs follow a three step procedure: In the first work package, relevant literature is reviewed and a theoretical and analytical framework is developed. In the second work package, empirical data (mostly formal and informal policy documents) are gathered and analyzed. In the third work package, emphasis is placed on the role of political 'elites' in the creation of fragmented forest policy discourses at different levels; in-depth interviews with policy stakeholders and experts add another perspective to the analysis in this work package. The project is expected to develop a new understanding not only of the fragmentation of multi-level and multi-sector forest policy discourses, but also of the way in which 'discourse elites' interact with and within these discourses. The results of the work packages will be published in peer reviewed journals and discussed with policy stakeholders and scientists in conferences and workshops.
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