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Versöhnen von fragmentierten und umstrittenen Landschaften

RECONNECT konzentriert sich auf die Entkopplung der Erhaltung der biologischen Vielfalt von anderen Anliegen an Landschaften und Gesellschaften. Fragmentierung, Konflikt und Entkopplung können institutioneller, ökologischer und sozialer Natur sein. Dies äußert sich in unterbrochenen ökologischen Strömen durch Habitatnetzwerke, in isolierter sektoraler Planung und in pluralen Lebensstilen und Werten - was zu Spannungen zwischen Erhaltungs-, Gerechtigkeits- und Produktionszielen führt. Wir werden mit Stakeholdern zusammenarbeiten, um anhand von vier Fallbeispielen fundiertes Wissen über die Möglichkeiten des Umgangs mit institutionellen, ökologischen und sozialen Grenzen zu gewinnen. Untersuchungsgebiete in Frankreich, Deutschland, Südafrika und Schweden erstrecken sich entlang von Stadt-/Land-Gradienten mit kontrastierenden Arten des Managements von Schutzgebieten und umliegenden Landschaften. Der inter- und transdisziplinäre "Wiederverkopplungs"-Ansatz wird erreicht durch 1) die Entwicklung eines kohärenten Satzes von Instrumenten und Prozessen zur systematischen Identifizierung und Bewertung der Verbindungen zwischen Ökosystemen, gemeinschaftlichen Werten und verschiedenen institutionellen Arrangements; und 2) die Entwicklung von Governance-Modellen und -Praktiken zum Offenlegen und zur Bewältigung von Spannungen sowie zur Verbindung von Menschen und Ökosystemen. Sozial-ökologische System- und Governance-Forscher werden im Arbeitspaket (WP) 1 den sozial-ökologischen Kontext für den Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt bewerten und integrierte Governance-Optionen für die Durchführung wirksamer Erhaltungsmaßnahmen identifizieren. Naturschutzbiologen und funktionelle Ökologen nutzen in WP2 ihre Fähigkeiten in der Modellierung von Biodiversität und Ökosystemdienstleistungen, um die verschiedenen Dimensionen der funktionellen Konnektivität zu quantifizieren. In WP3 erforschen Landschaftsökologen und Geographen die Werte der Natur und identifizieren Synergien und Bereiche für die Wiedervernetzung. In WP4 versuchen Experten für institutionelle Analyse und Wissenskooperation, verschiedene Bereiche für Zusammenarbeit und Konfliktmanagement zu bewerten. In WP5 führen Experten für Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften und transdisziplinäre Deliberation die Synthese der Projektergebnisse durch. Spezialisten für Naturschutzpolitik und Kommunikation werden in WP6 die Ergebnisse über einschlägige Kommunikationsplattformen wie PANORAMA und das EU Knowledge Centre for Biodiversity verbreiten. Gemeinsam werden die Arbeitspakete sektorübergreifende Governance in die Umsetzung des Globalen Biodiversitätsrahmens nach 2020 einbringen.

Management alpiner Mähwiesen: Best practices zur Wahrung eines günstigen Erhaltungszustandes angesichts von Unternutzung im Kontext unterschiedlicher Eigentumsregime innerhalb und außerhalb von Schutzgebieten

Berg-Mähwiesen sind ein über die EU-FFH-Richtlinie geschützter Lebensraumtyp (Code 6520) und beheimaten viele Pflanzen- und Tierarten, die ebenfalls über EU-Richtlinien (FFH, Vogelschutz) geschützt sind. Der günstige Erhaltungszustand dieser Wiesen und Arten, sowohl innerhalb wie außerhalb von Schutzgebieten (Natura 2000-Gebiete), ist oftmals durch eine landwirtschaftliche Nutzungsaufgabe oder verminderte menschliche Nutzungsaktivitäten (Unternutzung) gefährdet. Politische Ansätze werden dieser Problematik kaum gerecht, da sie hauptsächlich auf Übernutzung fokussieren, wohingegen Unternutzung und Nutzungsaufgabe weit weniger adressiert werden. Der gegenwärtige qualitative und quantitative Verschlechterungstrend für Berg-Mähwiesen und eine aktuelle EU-Klage gegen Deutschland wegen unzureichender Aktivitäten zur Erhaltung dieses Lebensraums belegen die hohe Dringlichkeit, die verbleibenden Flächen mit günstigem Erhaltungszustand zu schützen und von zuträglichen Managementpraktiken („best practices“) zu lernen. Das übergeordnete Ziel von ALPMEMA ist es, „best practices“ zu identifizieren, die dem Trend zur Unternutzung von Berg-Mähwiesen gegensteuern und zur Wahrung eines günstigen Erhaltungszustandes beitragen. Dabei soll der Einfluss verschiedener Eigentumsregime sowie des Status als Schutzgebiet erklärt werden. Über eine transnationale, vergleichend angelegte Metaanalyse und Feldarbeiten innerhalb und außerhalb von Schutzgebieten in Schweden, Österreich, Deutschland und Armenien wird ein interdisziplinär zusammengesetztes Team in enger Zusammenarbeit mit lokalen Stakeholdern a) auf der Grundlage von Erfahrungswissen in den Untersuchungsgebieten aktuelle transnationale, inter- und transdisziplinäre Ansätze zur Erhaltung von Berg-Mähwiesen identifizieren (“best practices”), b) weitere innovative Management-Instrumente, Akteurskoalitionen und andere neuartige Praktiken identifizieren, die dazu geeignet sind, den Herausforderung der Unternutzung von Berg-Mähwiesen zu begegnen und deren Ausdehnung sogar zu erhöhen, c) den Einfluss erklären, den verschiedene Eigentumsregime und die Berücksichtigung von Berg-Mähwiesen als Schutzgebiete auf „best practices“ haben, d) durch den Einsatz von Fernerkundung und bodengebundenen Überprüfungsverfahren den Grad der Nutzungsintensität von Berg-Mähwiesen sichtbar machen, sowie die wesentlichen aktuellen und potenziellen räumliche Ausprägungen von Unternutzung auf deren günstigen Erhaltungszustand aufzeigen, e) Szenarien für Berg-Mähwiesen für die Jahre 2030 und 2050 über spielerische Ansätze gemeinsam mit Stakeholdern entwickeln. ALPMEMA wird das Potenzial für sozial-ökologische Synergien von Praktiken zur Erhaltung von Berg-Mähwiesen herausarbeiten, innerhalb und außerhalb von Schutzgebieten und für verschiedene eigentumsrechtliche Konstellationen, um im Kontext der Gefahr der Unternutzung zur Erhaltung dieses Lebensraumtyps und der an ihn gebundenen Arten sowie zur biokulturellen Diversität beitragen.

WISE WFD Reference Spatial Datasets reported under Water Framework Directive 2016 - INTERNAL VERSION - version 1.9, Sep. 2025

The dataset contains information on the European river basin districts, the river basin district sub-units, the surface water bodies and the groundwater bodies delineated for the 2nd River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) as well as the European monitoring sites used for the assessment of the status of the above mentioned surface water bodies and groundwater bodies. This data set is available only for internal use of the European Commission and the European Environment Agency. Please use the "PUBLIC VERSION": https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/catalogue/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/6f122aa0-5677-47c3-a081-f6b14b87d81b for external use. The information was reported to the European Commission under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) reporting obligations. The dataset compiles the available spatial data related to the 2nd RBMPs due in 2016 (hereafter WFD2016). See http://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations/715 for further information on the WFD2016 reporting. See also https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations/766 for information on the Environmental Quality Standards Directive - Preliminary programmes of measures and supplementary monitoring. Where available, spatial data related to the 3rd RBMPs due in 2022 (hereafter WFD2022) was used to update the WFD2016 data. See https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations/780 for further information on the WFD2022 reporting. Note: * This dataset has been reported by the member states. The subsequent QC revealed some problems caused by self-intersections elements. Data in GPKG-format should be processed using QGIS.

Population trend of bird species: datasets from Article 12, Birds Directive 2009/147/EC reporting (2013-2018) - INTERNAL VERSION - Oct. 2020

All EU Member States are requested to monitor birds listed in the Birds Directive (2009/147/EC) and send a report about the progress made with the implementation of the Directive every 6 years following an agreed format. The assessment of breeding population short-term trend at the level of country is here presented. The spatial dataset contains gridded birds distribution data (10 km grid cells) as reported by EU Member States for the 2013-2018 period. The dataset is aggregated by species code and country in the attribute CO_MS. By use of the aggregated attribute [CO_MS], the tabular data can be joined to the spatial data to obtain e.g. the EU population status and trend. This metadata refers to the INTERNAL dataset as it includes species flagged as sensitive by Member States. Therefore, its access is restricted to only internal use by EEA.

End biodiversity loss through improved tracking of threatened invertebrates

In today's biodiversity crisis, there is an urgent need to monitor terrestrial and aquatic species in their natural habitats, especially those that may be endangered, invasive or elusive. Traditional species observation methods, based on acoustic or observational surveys are inefficient, costly and time consuming. On the other hand, DNA is continuously deposited in the environment from natural processes and this environmental DNA (eDNA) allows us to detect species and reconstruct their communities with a high level of sensitivity. These data can be used to obtain occurrence records and to collect more population information in field. Crucially, these data are necessary to inform management agencies about the current state of our biodiversity, and are especially urgent for species that are currently data deficient. The aims of this study are to firstly identify occurrence records from diverse sources (databases, literature) and generate a database of distributional data for species of crustacean and mollusks that are data deficient in Sweden. Secondly, we aim to detect threatened species in Swedish marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats using novel genomic methods (DNA metabarcoding, ddPCR). Finally, based on the new data, we will run species distribution and population models, to improve information on geographic range and population status for threatened invertebrates. The results will be integrated into current monitoring programmes (e.g. red-listing) and action plans.

Biogeochemical Processes in Tropical Soils

In recent years science has taken an increased interest in mineralization processes in tropical soils in particular under minimal tillage operations. Plant litter quality and management strongly affect mineralization-nitrification processes in soil and hence the fate of nitrogen in ecosystems and the environment. Plant secondary metabolites like lignin and polyphenols are poorly degradable and interact with proteins (protein binding capacity) and hence protect them from microbial attack. Nitrification, a microbiological process, directly and indirectly influences the efficiency of recovery of N in the vegetation as well as the loss of N (through denitrification and leaching) causing environmental pollution to water bodies and contributes to global warming (e.g. the greenhouse gas N2O is emitted as a by-product of nitrification and denitrification). Nitrifiers comprise a relatively narrow species diversity (at least as known to date) and are generally thought to be sensitive to low soil pH and stress. Despite these properties nitrification occurs in acid tropical soils with high levels of aluminium and manganese. Thus the main objective of the project will be the identification of micro-organisms and mechanisms responsible for mineralization-nitrification processes in acid tropical soils and the influence of long-term litter input of different chemical qualities and minimal tillage options. The project will include the use of stable isotopes (15N, 13C), mass spectrometry, gas chromatography (CO2, N2O), biochemical methods (PLFA) and molecular biology (16s rRNA., PCR, DGGE)

Carbon, water and nutrient dynamics in vascular plant- vs. Sphagnum-dominated bog ecosystems in southern Patagonia

In bog ecosystems, vegetation controls key processes such as the retention of carbon, water and nutrients. In northern hemispherical bogs, a shift from Sphagnum- to vascular plant-dominated vegetation is often traced back to Climate Change and increased anthropogenic nitrogen deposition and coincides with substantially reduced capacities in carbon, water and nutrient retention. In southern Patagonia, bogs dominated by Sphagnum and vascular plants coexist since millennia under similar environmental settings. Thus, South Patagonian bogs may serve as ideal examples for the long-term effect of vascular plant invasion on carbon, water and nutrient balances of bog ecosystems. The contemporary balances of carbon and water of both a bog dominated by Sphagnum and vascular plants are determined by CO2- H2O and CH4 flux measurements and an estimation of lateral water losses as well as losses via dissolved organic and inorganic carbon compounds. The high time resolution of simultaneous eddy covariance measurements of CO2 and H2O in both bog types and the strong interaction between climatic variables and the physiology of bog plants allow for direct comparisons of carbon and water fluxes during cold, warm, dry, wet, cloudy or sunny periods. By the combination with leaf-scale measurements of gas exchange and fluorescence, plant-physiological controls of photosynthesis and transpiration can be identified. Long-term peat accumulation rates will be determined by carbon density and age-depth profiles including a characterization of peat humification characteristics. A reciprocal transplantation experiment with incorporated shading, liming and labeled N addition treatments is conducted to explore driving factors affecting competition between Sphagnum and vascular plants as well as the interactions between CO2-, CH4-, and water fluxes and decisive plant functional traits affecting key processes for carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. Decomposition rates and driving below ground processes are analyzed with a litter bag field experiment and an incubation experiment in the laboratory.

GTS Bulletin: FCSN01 ESIA - Forecast (details are described in the abstract)

The FCSN01 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (F): Forecast T1T2 (FC): Aerodrome (VT < 12 hours) A1A2 (SN): Sweden (Remarks from Volume-C: NilReason)

Establishment of Teak plantations for high-value timber production in Ghana

Background and Objectives: The project area is located in the Ashanti Region of Ghana / West Africa in the transition zone of the moist semideciduous forest and tropical savannah zone. Main land use in this region is subsistence agriculture with large fallow areas. As an alternative land-use, forest plantations are under development by the Ghanaian wood processing company DuPaul Wood Treatment Ltd. Labourers from the surrounding villages are employed as permanent or casual plantation workers. Within three forest plantation projects of approximately 6,000 ha, DuPaul offers an area of 164 ha (referred to as Papasi Plantation) - which is mainly planted with Teak (Tectona grandis) - for research purposes. In return, the company expects consultations to improve the management for sustainable timber and pole production with exotic and native tree species. Results: In a first research approach, the Papasi Plantation was assessed in terms of vegetation classification, timber resources (in qualitative and quantitative terms) and soil and site conditions. A permanent sampling plot system was established to enable long-term monitoring of stand dynamics including observation of stand response to silvicultural treatments. Site conditions are ideally suited for Teak and some stands show exceptionally good growth performances. However, poor weed management and a lack of fire control and silvicultural management led to high mortality and poor growth performance of some stands, resulting in relative low overall growth averages. In a second step, a social baseline study was carried out in the surrounding villages and identified landowner conflicts between some villagers and DuPaul, which could be one reason for the fire damages. However, the study also revealed a general interest for collaboration in agroforestry on DuPaul land on both sides. Thirdly, a silvicultural management concept was elaborated and an improved integration of the rural population into DuPaul's forest plantation projects is already initiated. If landowner conflicts can be solved, the development of forest plantations can contribute significantly to the economic income of rural households while environmental benefits provide long-term opportunities for sustainable development of the region. Funding: GTZ supported PPP-Measure, Foundation

Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Yanqi Basin, Sinkiang, China

Irrigation in the Yanqi Basin, Sinkiang, China has led to water table rise and soil salination. A model is used to assess management options. These include more irrigation with groundwater, water saving irrigation techniques and others. The model relies on input data from remote sensing.The Yanqi Basin is located in the north-western Chinese province of Xinjiang.This agriculturally highly productive region is heavily irrigated with water drawn from the Kaidu River. The Kaidu River itself is mainly fed by snow and glacier melt from the Tian Mountain surrounding the basin. A very poor drainage system and an overexploitation of surface water have lead to a series of environmental problems: 1. Seepage water under irrigated fields has raised the groundwater table during the last years, causing strongly increased groundwater evaporation. The salt dissolved in the groundwater accumulates at the soil surface as the groundwater evaporates. This soil salinization leads to degradation of vegetation as well as to a loss of arable farmland. 2. The runoff from the Bostan Lake to the downstream Corridor is limited since large amount of water is used for irrigation in the Yanqi Basin. Nowadays, the runoff is maintained by pumping water from the lake to the river. The environmental and ecological system is facing a serious threat.In order to improve the situation in the Yanqi Basin, a jointly funded cooperation has been set up by the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) , China Institute of Geological and Environmental Monitoring (CIGEM) and Xinjiang Agricultural University. The situation could in principle be improved by using groundwater for irrigation, thus lowering the groundwater table and saving unproductive evaporation. However, this is associated with higher cost as groundwater has to be pumped. The major decision variable to steer the system into a desirable state is thus the ratio of irrigation water pumped from the aquifer and irrigation water drawn from the river. The basis to evaluate the ideal ratio between river and groundwater - applied to irrigation - will be a groundwater model combined with models describing the processes of the unsaturated zone. The project will focus on the following aspects of research: (...)

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