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Coastal Atmosphere & Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and Bio-Optical mapping of Marine optical Properties (BiOMaP): the near- surface marine bio-optical data

The CoASTS-BiOMaP data set comprises in situ near-surface inherent (e.g., absorption, scattering and backscattering coefficient s) and apparent (e.g., normalized-water leaving radiance and the corresponding remote sensing reflectance) optical properties of relevance for satellite ocean colour applications. The data were produced through the Coastal Atmosphere & Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and the Bio-Optical mapping of Marine optical Properties (BiOMaP) measurement programs implemented by the Marine Optical Laboratory of the Joint Research Center (JRC) in collaboration with a number of European institutions. Common to both CoASTS and BiOMaP is the standardization of instruments, measurement methods, quality control schemes and processing codes to enforce temporal and spatial consistency to data products. CoASTS measurements comprise 125 field campaigns and 637 stations performed from December 1998 up to March 2016 benefitting of the Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower (AAOT) in the northern Adriatic Sea to generate time series data at a fixed coastal site. CoASTS data exhibit occurrence of waters with optical properties largely determined by phytoplankton, as well as diverse concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and of coloured organic matter (CDOM). BiOMaP measurements comprise 36 bio-optical oceanographic campaigns and 1915 stations performed between July 2000 and May 2022 using a variety of oceanographic vessels to produce spatially distributed data across various European Seas. BiOMaP measurement regions include: the Baltic Sea exhibiting waters dominated by a high concentration of CDOM; the Adriatic Sea, Black Sea, North Sea (comprising the English Channel), Ligurian Sea, Iberian Shelf and the Greenland Sea, characterized by a variety of optically complex waters determined by diverse concentrations of CDOM and SPM; the Eastern and Western Mediterranean oligotrophic and mesotrophic Seas.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics obtained through ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) in the anoxic basin Mariager Fjord, Gotland Basin, and Black Sea

We studied dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics in the anoxic basin Mariager Fjord, Gotland Basin, and Black Sea. Therefore, we performed a mass spectrometric analysis of DOM extracts via FT-ICR MS on a 15 Tesla solariX XR Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany). The system was equipped with an electrospray ionization source (ESI, Bruker Apollo II) applied in negative ionization mode. Methanol extracts were mixed with ultrapure water (50:50 v/v) for FT-ICR MS analysis and diluted to a final DOC concentration of 2.5 mg C/L. 200 single scans with an ion accumulation time of 0.1 s were recorded over a mass range of m/z 100 to 1,000 Da and added to one spectrum. Data processing, molecular formula assignments, and compound category classifications were done with the software pipeline ICBM-OCEAN. All sample data was normalized to the intensity sum of 1. FT-ICR-MS data from Mariager Fjord (Denmark), Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea), Black Sea, and an abiotic (de)oxygenation experiment are provided. The data consists of the molecular formula with corresponding m/z measured at an FT-ICR-MS and relative intensities for each sample of these molecular formulas. Additionally, we included common molecular parameters, including H/C, O/C and S/C ratios for each molecular formula.

Prevention and Management of Marine Litter in European Seas

Kurzbeschreibung Konferenz im Auftrag des BMUB und in Zusammenarbeit mit der Europäischen Kommission (DG ENV) mit ca. 200 Teilnehmern, Vorbereitung gemeinsam mit den Regionalen Meeresschutzübereinkommen (HELCOM, OSPAR, MEDPOL und BSC) mit dem Ziel, auf Basis eines gemeinsamen Verständnisses der relevanten Eintragsquellen und –pfade und der ökologischen Auswirkungen die Entwicklung Regionaler Aktionspläne gegen Meeresmüll (RAPs ML) für den Nordostatlantik, die Ostsee und das Schwarze Meer zu unterstützen. Ergebnisse Issue Paper, Outcome Paper, in Folge Verabschiedung Regionaler Aktionspläne gegen Meeresmüll (MEDPOL 2013, OSPAR 2014, HELCOM 2015), Link siehe Website

Coastal Atmosphere & Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and Bio-Optical mapping of Marine optical Properties (BiOMaP): the water hyperspectral absorption coefficients

The CoASTS-BiOMaP data set of hyperspectral absorption coefficients, complementary to the bio-optical data set accessible at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971945, were determined from laboratory analysis of discrete water samples collected at approximately 1 m depth during the Coastal Atmosphere & Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and the Bio-Optical mapping of Marine optical Properties (BiOMaP) measurement programs. The dataset, resulting from the collaboration between the Marine Optical Laboratory of the Joint Research Center (JRC) and a number of European national institutions, comprises absorption coefficients of pigmented and non-pigmented particles in the 400-750 nm interval, and those by colored dissolved organic matter in the 350-680 nm interval, provided with 3 nm spectral resolution at 2 nm increment. All coefficients were determined applying identical sampling, laboratory, processing and quality control methods, regardless of the measurement program or geographic areas. A few spectra of absorption coefficients for pigmented particles exhibit some unrealistic negative values beyond approximately 500 nm explained by limits of the measurement methodology in the presence of a low concentration of particles largely associated with sampling in oligotrophic waters. These spectra were not excluded from the data set expecting their application can be still relevant once the absorption coefficients are corrected for their background in the near-infrared. Overall, the data set comprises absorption spectra from 2549 stations. Of these, 634 stations refer to 125 CoASTS field campaigns performed from October 1998 up to March 2016 on-board the Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower (AAOT) in the northern Adriatic Sea representing moderate optically complex waters with properties largely determined by phytoplankton, as well as diverse concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The remaining 1915 stations are from 36 BiOMaP oceanographic campaigns performed between July 2000 and May 2022 in various European marine regions: the Baltic Sea with waters dominated by a high concentration of CDOM; the Adriatic Sea, Black Sea, North Sea (comprising the English Channel), Ligurian Sea, Iberian Shelf and the Greenland Sea, exhibiting a variety of optically complex waters determined by diverse concentrations of CDOM and SPM; the Eastern and Western Mediterranean oligotrophic and mesotrophic Seas.

Molecular and elemental composition of dissolved organic matter in anoxic basins (Mariager Fjord, Denmark; Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea; Black Sea)

The sampling campaigns were conducted in the Black Sea (POS539), Baltic Sea/Gotland Basin (EMB324), and on a boat in Denmark/Mariager Fjord. All three study sites are differently influenced by ocean deoxygenation and anoxia. While Mariager Fjord waters are seasonally anoxic, the deep waters of Gotland Basin and Black Sea can remain anoxic for decades and millennia, respectively. Furthermore, to target potential abiotic reactions, we incubated filtered Gotland Basin waters at low (<1.5µM O2) and high (>200µM O2) oxygen concentrations. All samples were filtered to 0.2 µm pore size and acidified with hydrochloric acid to pH2. DOM was extracted and desalted prior to molecular analysis with ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) following an established method using cartridges filled with a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (Agilent Bond Elut PPL, 1 g). This data set contains two files: (1) environmental data, including oxygen concentrations, salinity, temperature, dissolved and solid-phase extractable dissolved carbon (DOC, SPE-DOC), nitrogen (TDN, SPE-DON), sulfur (SPE-DOS), and phosphorus (SPE-DOP), and (2) processed FT-ICR-MS data for all samples.

Environmental data from anoxic basins in the Mariager Fjord in Denmark, the Gotland Basin in the Baltic Sea, and the Black Sea

We studied dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics in the anoxic basin Mariager Fjord, Gotland Basin, and Black Sea. In this data set we provide environmental data (oxygen, salinity, temperature), dissolved and solid-phase extracted carbon (DOC, SPE-DOC), nitrogen (TDN, SPE-DON), sulfur (SPE-DOS), and phosphorus (SPE-DOP) concentrations. Elemental analysis of carbon and nitrogen were carried out with a High-temperature catalytic combustion, Shimadzu, Shimadzu TOC-VCPH equipped with TDN unit, analysis of extractable sulfur and phosphorus with Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH, iCAP PRO.

AVHRR - Sea Surface Temperature (SST) - Europe

The AVHRR Mulitchannel Sea Surface Temperature Map (MCSST) was the first result of DLR's AVHRR pathfinder activities. The goal of the product is to provide the user with actual Sea Surface Temperature (SST) maps in a defined format easy to access with the highest possible reliability on the thematic quality. After a phase of definition, the operational production chain was launched in March 1993 covering the entire Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. Since then, daily, weekly, and monthly data sets have been available until September 13, 1994, when the AVHRR on board the NOAA-11 spacecraft failed. The production of daily, weekly and monthly SST maps was resumed in February, 1995, based on NOAA-14 AVHRR data. The NOAA-14 AVHRR sensor became some technical difficulties, so the generation was stopped on October 3, 2001. Since March 2002, NOAA-16 AVHRR SST maps are available again. With the beginning of January 2004, the data of AVHRR on board of NOAA-16 exhibited some anormal features showing strips in the scenes. Facing the “bar coded” images of NOAA16-AVHRR which occurred first in September 2003, continued in January 2004 for the second time and appeared in April 2004 again, DFD has decided to stop the reception of NOAA16 data on April 6th, 2004, and to start the reception of NOAA-17 data on this day. On April 7th, 2004, the production of all former NOAA16-AVHRR products as e.g. the SST composites was successully established. NOAA-17 is an AM sensor which passes central Europe about 2 hours earlier than NOAA-16 (about 10:00 UTC instead of 12:00 UTC for NOAA-16). In spring 2007, the communication system of NOAA-17 has degraded or is operating with limitations. Therefore, DFD has decided to shift the production of higher level products (NDVI, LST and SST) from NOAA-17 to NOAA-18 in April 2007. In order to test the performance of our processing chains, we processed simultaneously all NOAA-17 and NOAA-18 data from January 1st, 2007 till March 29th, 2007. All products are be available via EOWEB. Please remember that NOAA-18 is a PM sensor which passes central Europe about 1.5 hours later than NOAA-17 (about 11:30 UTC instead of 10:00 UTC for NOAA17). The SST product is intended for climate modelers, oceanographers, and all geo science-related disciplines dealing with ocean surface parameters. In addition, SST maps covering the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea and the Western Atlantic equivalent to the Mediterranean MCSST maps are available since August 1994. The most important aspects of the MCSST maps are a) correct image registration and b) reasonable cloud screening to ensure that only cloud free pixels are taken for the later processing and compositing c) for deriving MCSST, only channel 4 and 5 are used.. The SST product consists of one 8 bit channel. For additional information, please see: https://wdc.dlr.de/sensors/avhrr/

Untersuchungen zur Vererbung von Qualitätseigenschaften bei Durumweizen und ihre Verbesserung

Von Seiten der Durumweizen-verarbeitenden Industrie besteht hohes Interesse an einer heimischen Rohstoffbasis. Durumweizen stammt ursprünglich aus Mittelmeerländern und Küstenregionen des Schwarzen Meeres und ist in Deutschland nicht adaptiert. Ein Schwerpunkt bei der Züchtung von Durumsorten im Hinblick auf die Qualität liegt daher auf der Bearbeitung der mehr von Umwelteinflüssen geprägten Merkmale glasiges Endosperm, Auswuchsresistenz und Resistenz gegenüber dunkelfleckigkeitsbildender Pilze. Der andere Schwerpunkt bezieht sich auf die hohen Anforderungen an das (gelbe) Farb- und Kochpotential bezüglich der Teigware. Die Entwicklung von Durumsorten schließt die Berücksichtigung von Ertrags- und Resistenzeigenschaften mit ein. Es konnten bereits Durumlinien hervorgebracht werden, die hohe Ertragsleistung mit hoher Ausprägung von Qualitätseigenschaften kombinieren. Aus dem Programm wurden in Frankreich die Sorte ORJAUNE, in Deutschland die Sorten DURAFIT und DURABON, in Spanien die Sorten BURGOS, COMBO und VETRODUR zugelassen.

Population trend of bird species: datasets from Article 12, Birds Directive 2009/147/EC reporting (2013-2018) - INTERNAL VERSION - Oct. 2020

All EU Member States are requested to monitor birds listed in the Birds Directive (2009/147/EC) and send a report about the progress made with the implementation of the Directive every 6 years following an agreed format. The assessment of breeding population short-term trend at the level of country is here presented. The spatial dataset contains gridded birds distribution data (10 km grid cells) as reported by EU Member States for the 2013-2018 period. The dataset is aggregated by species code and country in the attribute CO_MS. By use of the aggregated attribute [CO_MS], the tabular data can be joined to the spatial data to obtain e.g. the EU population status and trend. This metadata refers to the INTERNAL dataset as it includes species flagged as sensitive by Member States. Therefore, its access is restricted to only internal use by EEA.

Marine litter

This metadata refers to the presence of marine litter. It present information on marine litter items by beach and marine region, based on Marine Litter Watch (MLW). The European Environment Agency has developed Marine LitterWatch mobile app to collect information on marine litter and strengthen Europe’s knowledge base and thus provide support to European policy making. Marine LitterWatch is a citizen science based app that aims to help fill data gaps in beach litter monitoring.

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