This data set includes videos depicting the evolution of six numerical tectonic models of rift-inversion orogens. For these models we apply the 2D thermo-mechanical geodynamic code ASPECT, coupled with FastScape for the inclusion of surface processes. With the results from these models, we examine mantle serpentinization in rift-inversion orogens, and their associated natural hydrogen gas (H2) potential. Detailed descriptions of the model set-up and results can be found in Zwaan et al. (2026) in JGR Solid Earth. The software used for this research can be found in a Zwaan et al. (2026) Zenodo software publication.
This image dataset contains results (original top-view and cross-section photographs) obtained from a series of 12 crustal-scale physical analogue modelling experiments performed in the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory (TecLab) at Utrecht University. We employed analogue modelling to study the inversion of extensional basins that are parallel and oblique to their boundaries. The key parameters of this study are: (i) the obliquity angle (0°, 10° or 20°) of shortening in relation to the strike of the initial rift structures; (ii) the basal décollement rheology; and (iii) the rheology of the basin fill.
All analogue experiments are rectangular, 2 cm thick and consist of deformable brittle or brittle–ductile layers. Deformable parts in entirely brittle models are made of a homogeneous layer of quartz sand for the initial, non-stretched, pre-rift model crust. The subsequently resulting grabens are filled with syn- to post-extensional sediments of quartz sand, feldspar sand, or glass beads. Variations to these setups entail either a brittle layer of glass beads at the base of the above described brittle crust, or, for brittle-ductile models, a viscous layer of PDMS silicone putty with fillers. All experiments are built on one fixed above two mobile plastic sheets, their transition is pre-defining velocity discontinuities (VDs). In a first stage, deformation is induced in all models by two electric motors pulling the two mobile plastic sheets in opposite directions parallel to the backstop. These sheets are then fixed once the extensional phase is finished. VDs positioned both orthogonally and obliquely with respect to the backstop allow graben structures to form at angles of 0°, 10° and 20° to the subsequent shortening direction. In a second stage, a rigid backstop moves into the model to create compressive deformation within the entirely brittle or brittle-ductile layers. Top-view photographs were taken at regular time intervals throughout each experiment (see below for details). Cross-section photographs were taken at the end of each experiment. Therefore, the top-view photographs enable surface deformation to be tracked and analysed through time and space, while the cross-sections demonstrate the overall vertical deformation of each model.
For more details about the models, see Sieberer et al. (2023). The properties of the materials used are described in Sieberer et al. (2023), Klinkmüller et al. (2016) and Willingshofer et al. (2018). All models are scaled according to the principles of geometric, rheological, and kinematic similarity between nature and models (Hubbert, 1937; Weijermars & Schmeling, 1986).