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Found 29 results.

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Results of analogue tectonic models of rifting and tectonic lineament reactivation along the Main Ethiopian Rift

This data set includes results from a total of 13 analogue tectonic models aimed at simulating the activation of tectonic lineaments associated with the Main Ethiopian Rift in eastern Africa. We use a model set-up based on previous work by Zwaan et al. (2021, 2022). This set-up involves a velocity discontinuity (VD, i.e., the edge of a mobile base plate) to induce extension in the overlying brittle- and viscous model materials representing the upper and lower crust, respectively. Additional structural weaknesses (seeds) at the base of the brittle layer serve to represent activated tectonic weaknesses in nature. Model parameters (different VD and seed orientation, and different seed diameters) are summarized in Table 1. The model results presented in this data publication are obtained through Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) analyses. A more detailed description of model set-up, model results, and their interpretation can be found in Zwaan et al. (2025)

Datasets of analog modeling results for the V-shaped opening of the South China Sea: 3D DEMs and PIV results

This dataset compiles quantitative outputs from eight sandbox experiments conducted under different boundary conditions (differential extension, strong blocks, and a weak zone). It contains 3-D scanning–derived digital elevation models (DEMs) from the final stage of experiments simulating the V-shaped opening of the South China Sea. In addition, it includes particle image velocimetry (PIV) products at four extension states (25 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm, and 100 mm), together with the plotting codes used to generate the figures.

Rheology of PDMS silicones used for analogue modelling in the experimental tectonics laboratory at China University of Petroleum (CUP)

This dataset provides rheometric data of three PDMS silicones used for analogue modelling in the experimental tectonics laboratory at China University of Petroleum (CUP). The material samples have been analyzed at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam (HelTec) using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a plate-plate configuration at room temperature (21˚C). Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10^4 to 1 s^-1 were performed. According to our rheometric analysis, the material is quasi-Newtonian (n~1) at strain rates below 10-2 s-1 and weakly shear rate thinning above. The viscosities of the three materials range between 8*10^4 to 3*10^5 Pa s.

Rheology of PDMS-plasticine mixtures from the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory at CNR-IGG and the University of Florence (Italy)

This dataset provides rheometric data of three PDMS-plasticine mixtures used for centrifuge experiments at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of CNR-IGG at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Florence (Italy). The test became necessary as older plasticines used in PDMS-plasticine mixtures characterized rheologically in Zwaan et al. (2020) became unavailable. The material samples have been analyzed at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam (HelTec) using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a plate-plate configuration at room temperature (21˚C). Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10^-4 to 1 s^-1 were performed. According to our rheometric analysis, the new materials cover a range of viscosities from 8E^+04 to 4E^+07 Pas. They exhibit shear thinning behavior with high power law exponents (n-number). For PP45-1, PP45-2 and PP100, the respective n-numbers are 10, 8 and 3 at shear rates above 10^-3s^-1 and around 2 below.

Rheology of PDMS Korasilon fluids M used at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany

This dataset provides rheometric data of PDMS Korasilon® Fluids M used for analogue modelling at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany. The material samples have been analyzed at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam (HelTec) using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a plate-plate configuration at room temperature (21˚C). Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10^-4 to 10^-1 s^-1 were performed. According to our rheometric analysis, the material is Newtonian (n = 1) at strain rates below 1 s-1. The viscosities range from 10 to 2000 Pa s.

A Database of Centrifuge Analogue Models Testing the Influence of Pre-Existing Weak Zones During Continental Compression

This dataset presents the raw data of an experimental series of centrifuge models performed to test the influence of pre-existing weak zones in the lower crust (herein after referred to as Weak Lower Crust –WLC) during continental compression. We varied the width of the WLC, the dip of the interfaces bounding the WLC and the frictional properties at the WLC-LC interface by using lubricant (vaseline). In this dataset, we provide four different types of data, that can serve as supporting material and can be used for further analysis: 1) The top-view photos, taken at different stages and showing the deformation process of each model; 2) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) used to reconstruct the 3D deformation of the performed analogue models; 3) Line-drawing of fault and fracture patterns to be used for fault statistical quantification; 4) A Python script to draw swath profiles (outputs) of the analogue models. Further details on the modelling strategy can be found in the publication associated with this dataset and in Milazzo et al. (2021), using a similar setup for achieving compression in the centrifuge. Materials used for these analogue models were described in Corti (2012), Montanari et al. (2017), Del Ventisette et al. (2019), Zou et al. (2024) and Wan et al. (2025).

Rheological tests of viscous material mixtures used as lithosphere analogues

This dataset contains rheological and density measurements of viscous material mixtures used to simulate the lithosphere in analogue modeling of tectonic processes. Simulating lithospheric deformation occurring in nature over geological time scales requires appropriately scaled materials for the laboratory experiments. Here, we characterize viscous materials that can exhibit Newtonian and/or non-Newtonian behavior depending on the applied strain rate. We conducted rotational tests in controlled shear rate mode (i.e., shear rate was increased while keeping the temperature constant) and temperature ramp tests (i.e., temperature was varied while keeping temperature constant) on eight different materials, including pure Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), pure plastiline (Hartum Color Plaxtin Soft), and mixtures of these materials with fillers (iron powder and/or silicone oil). This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at the Laboratory of Experimental Tectonics of the University Roma Tre supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.

A database of analogue models documenting fault reactivation during multiphase extension.

In this dataset we provide top-view photos and perspective photos (to create topographic data, i.e. Digital Elevation Models, DEMs) documenting analogue model deformation. For more details on modelling setup, experimental series Wang et al. (2021), to which this dataset is supplementary material. For details on analogue materials refer to Del Ventisette et al., 2019, Maestrelli et al. (2020). The analogue modelling experiments were carried out at the TOOLab (Tectonic Modelling Laboratory) of the Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources of the National Research Council of Italy, Italy, and the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Florence. The laboratory work that produced these data was supported by the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) and by the Joint Research Unit (JRU) EPOS Italia. Additional analysis, following the original work, was supported by the “Monitoring Earth’s Evolution and Tectonics” (MEET) project

Supplement to “Synchronization of great subduction megathrust earthquakes: Insights from scale model analysis”

This data set provides data from subduction zone earthquake experiments and analysis described in Rosenau et al. (2019). In the experiments analogue seismotectonic scale models of subduction zones characterized by two seismogenic asperities are used to study the interaction of asperities over multiple seismic cycles by means of static (Coulomb failure) stress transfer. Various asperity geometries (lateral/along-strike of the subduction zone distance and vertical/across-strike of the subduction zone offset) are tested on their effect on recurrence pattern of simulated great (M8+) earthquakes. The results demonstrate the role of stress coupling in the synchronization of asperities leading to multi-asperity M9+ events in nature. The data set contains time series of experimental surface velocities from which analogue earthquakes are detected and classified into synchronized events and solo events. The latter are subcategorized into main events and aftershocks and into normal and thrust events. An analogue earthquake catalogue lists all categorized events of the 12 experiments used for statistical analysis. Moreover, results from elastic dislocation modelling aimed ate quantifying the stress coupling between the asperities for the various geometries are summarized. Basic statistics of classified events (e.g. percentage of categorized events, coefficient of variation in size and recurrence time etc.) are documented. Matlab scripts are provided to visualize the data as in the paper.

Surface deformation and topography data from analogue modelling experiments addressing triaxial tectonics in regions of distributed extension

This data set includes the results of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEM) and digital image correlation (DIC) analysis applied to analogue modelling experiments. Twenty generic analogue models are extended on top of a rubber sheet. Two benchmark experiments are also reported. Detailed descriptions of the experiments can be found in Liu et al. (submitted) to which this data set is supplement. The data presented here are visualized as topography and the horizontal cumulative surface strain (principal strain and slip rake).

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