In the context of global change, marine organisms are subjected not only to gradual changes in abiotic parameters, but also to an increasing number of extreme events, such as heatwaves. However, we still know little about the influence of heatwaves on the structure of marine communities, and experimental studies are needed to test the impact of heatwaves alone, and in combination with other environmental drivers. Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment and applied an integrated multiple driver design to assess the potential impact of heatwaves under ambient and future environmental conditions on natural coastal plankton communities. To represent future environmental conditions, temperature and pH were manipulated based on the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 proposed by the IPCC for 2100, and dissolved N:P ratios were increased to simulate the conditions expected in European coastal zones. Throughout the experiment, we measured abiotic conditions as well as the abundance of bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and microzooplankton.
The data presented herein originates from a mesocosm study conducted as part of the BMBF CDRmare, Retake project (grant agreement no. 03F0895A), aimed at investigating the ecological ramifications of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). Twelve mesocosms were deployed in Helgoland South Harbor, Germany, and systematically sampled using integrated water samplers over the period spanning from March 12th to April 20th, 2023. Six alkalinity levels under two dilution scenarios were established to differentiate between localized and uniform OAE additions. Alkalinity was increased stepwise to ΔTAmax = 1250 μmol kg-1 (250 μmol TA kg-1 increments) using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with calcium chloride (CaCl2) to simulate cation release during calcium-based mineral dissolution, causing strong carbonate chemistry perturbations (e.g., pHT > 9.25). The dataset encompasses a spectrum of sediment trap particle flux data, water column biogeochemistry including pigment variables, inorganic nutrients, carbonate chemistry parameters. The study and data set offer insights into impacts of alkalinity enhancement on marine ecosystems and their associated biogeochemistry.
The 11.8 m-long composite sediment record from the hardwater lake of Sacrower See, located near the city of Potsdam (north-eastern Germany), has been characterised by a range of analytical techniques. These include magnetic susceptibility, chemical parameters (XRF core scanning, CNS analysis, biogenic silica) and stable isotopes (13C, 15N). The chronology covers the entire Holocene and the concluding Lateglacial (Alleröd, Younger Dryas) and is based on age-depth modelling using radiocarbon dates refined by the onset of the local varve chronology in 1870 CE (Lüder et al., 2006) and by the Laacher See Tephra, an isochrone dated to 13,000 cal. BP. It offers a detailed environmental reconstruction providing insights into depositional processes influenced by both natural climatic variations and human activities (Enters et al., 2009; Kirilova et al., 2009). The Lateglacial and Early Holocene are distinguished by the stabilisation of natural landscapes characterised by the presence of pine-birch (Alleröd) and mixed oak forests (Early Holocene). This development was interrupted by the climatic deterioration of the Younger Dryas, which resulted in a destabilisation of vegetation and increased natural soil erosion. It is evident that, for the first time around 5500 cal. BP, anthropogenic forest clearing became a factor, which subsequently led to increasing cultural soil erosion further accelerating during the Bronze Age (3600-3200 cal. BP), the Early Iron Age (2800-2600 cal. BP) and the Middle Ages (900-600 cal. BP). In the course of industrialisation since the 19th century, human impact underwent a transition from the destabilisation of soils to the phenomenon of eutrophication. This transition resulted in the occurrence of hypolimnetic anoxia, accompanied by the formation of carbonaceous varves.
This database expands the Poulton et al., 2018 (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.888182) database of pelagic calcium carbonate (CP) rate measurements from isotopic tracer uptake in incubated discrete water samples, as discussed in Daniels et al., 2018 (doi:10.5194/essd-10-1859-2018), and accompanies Marsh et al. (in prep.). The database now includes more CP (new data n = 400; complete database n = 3165), net primary production rate (PP) (new data n = 399; complete database n = 3150), total coccolithophore cell counts (new data n = 240; complete database n = 1512), and Emiliania huxleyi cell counts (new data n = 27; complete database n = 612). This expanded database maintains the record of data, including the principal investigator, expedition, OS region, doi reference (where available), collection date and year, sample ID, latitude, longitude, sampling and light depth, and method of measuring CP. We further expand the Poulton et al. (2018) data collection by including ancillary and environmental data, including: optical depth (OD, n = 3165), pHtotal (hereinafter referred to as pHT, n = 398), temperature (n = 1160), salinity (n = 1161), and the concentrations of chlorophyll a (n = 1363), NOx (NO3 or the sum of NO3 + NO2, n = 1161), silicic acid (Si(OH)4, n= 1156), phosphate (PO4, n = 1232), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, n = 318), total alkalinity (TA, n = 307), bicarbonate ion concentration (n = 349), and carbonate ion concentration (n = 352). All data was matched to CP, sample bottle identifiers (Niskin bottle numbers), and/or sampling depth values. This global database (81 °N - 64 °S, 132 °E - 174 °W) now covers expeditions and upper ocean measurements (0 - 193 m) from 1989 to 2024. Global in-situ geolocated data spanning time is valuable for modelling, satellite algorithms, and capturing calcium carbonate production in the global ocean. This expanded database, including the environmental, nutrient, chlorophyll a, and carbonate chemistry data, also allows for analysis of factors influencing calcium carbonate production on a global scale. This data amalgamation contributes to understanding the biogeochemistry of the oceans, global carbon cycle, and ocean acidification.
Die Elementkarte stellt die räumliche Verteilung der klassifizierten Gehalte des 90. Perzentils von Siliziumdioxid (in Gew.-%) innerhalb der 184 geochemischen Gesteinseinheiten in Bayern dar. In die Auswertung gehen dabei nur die Daten der ersten (von maximal drei) Lithologien einer geochemischen Gesteinseinheit ein. Für Informationen im Hinblick auf die Auswertung der Daten sowie auf die kartenmäßige Darstellung wird auf die Metadaten der digitalen Lithogeochemischen Karte 1:25 000 von Bayern (dLGK25) verwiesen.
Die Elementkarte stellt die räumliche Verteilung der klassifizierten Gehalte des 50. Perzentils von Siliziumdioxid (in Gew.-%) innerhalb der 184 geochemischen Gesteinseinheiten in Bayern dar. In die Auswertung gehen dabei nur die Daten der ersten (von maximal drei) Lithologien einer geochemischen Gesteinseinheit ein. Für Informationen im Hinblick auf die Auswertung der Daten sowie auf die kartenmäßige Darstellung wird auf die Metadaten der digitalen Lithogeochemischen Karte 1:25 000 von Bayern (dLGK25) verwiesen.
Die Karte oberflächennaher Rohstoffe 1:200.000 (KOR 200) ist ein Kartenwerk, das gemeinsam von der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe und den Staatlichen Geologischen Diensten der Länder (SGD) im Auftrag des Bundesministers für Wirtschaft und Arbeit auf Beschluss der Länderwirtschaftsminister vom 22. Juni 1984 erarbeitet wird. Das Kartenwerk folgt dem Blattschnitt der topographischen Übersichtskarte 1:200.000 (TÜK 200) und besteht aus 55 Kartenblättern mit jeweils einem Erläuterungsheft. Es erfolgt eine Bestandsaufnahme, Beschreibung, Darstellung und Dokumentation der Vorkommen und Lagerstätten von mineralischen Rohstoffe, die üblicherweise im Tagebau bzw. an oder nahe der Erdoberfläche gewonnen werden. Im Besonderen sind dies Industrieminerale, Steine und Erden, Torfe, Braunkohle, Ölschiefer und Solen. Die Darstellung der oberflächennahen Rohstoffe und die zusätzlichen schriftlichen Informationen sind für die Erarbeitung überregionaler, bundesweiter Planungsunterlagen, die die Nutzung oberflächennaher mineralischer Rohstoffe berühren, unentbehrlich. Auf der Karte sind neben den umgrenzten, je nach Rohstoff farblich unterschiedlich dargestellten Lagerstätten- bzw. Rohstoffflächen "Abbaustellen" (=Betriebe) bzw. "Schwerpunkte mehrerer Abbaustellen" mit je einem Symbol dargestellt. Die Eintragungen in der Karte werden ergänzt durch Texterläuterungen. Die Erläuterungsbände haben üblicherweise einen Umfang von 40 - 80 Seiten und sind derzeit nur in der gedruckten Ausgabe der Karte verfügbar. Der Text ist gegliedert in: - Einführung - Beschreibung der Lagerstätten und Vorkommen nutzbarer Gesteine - Rohstoffwirtschaftliche Bewertung der Lagerstätten und Vorkommen oberflächennaher Rohstoffe im Blattgebiet - Verwertungsmöglichkeiten der im Blattgebiet vorkommenden nutzbaren Gesteine - Schriftenverzeichnis - Anhang (u. a. mit Generallegende und Blattübersicht) Die KOR 200 stellt somit die Rohstoffpotentiale in Deutschland in bundesweit vergleichbarer Weise dar und liefert eine Grundlage für künftige Such- und Erkundungsarbeiten sowie einen Beitrag zur Sicherung der Rohstoffversorgung.
Climate change-driven deglaciation and erosion in high-latitude regions enhance the flux of terrigenous material to the coastal ocean. Newly exposed land surfaces left behind by retreating glaciers are covered by glacial till, which is rich in fine-grained minerals. Many of these minerals are undersaturated in seawater and thus prone to dissolution (i.e., seafloor weathering). Consequently, intensified erosion and mineral weathering may act as an additional CO₂ sink while supplying alkalinity to coastal waters. To evaluate this hypothesis, we carried out a sediment geochemical study in the southwestern Baltic Sea, where coastal erosion of glacial till is the dominant source of terrigenous material to offshore depocenters. We analyzed glacial till from coastal cliffs, sediments, and pore waters for major element composition using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and an elemental analyzer. Water samples were further analyzed for dissolved redox species and dissolved silica by photometry and ion chromatography. These data were then used to quantify mineral dissolution and precipitation processes and to assess their net effect on inorganic carbon cycling.
Climate change-driven deglaciation and erosion in high-latitude regions enhance the flux of terrigenous material to the coastal ocean. Newly exposed land surfaces left behind by retreating glaciers are covered by glacial till, which is rich in fine-grained minerals. Many of these minerals are undersaturated in seawater and thus prone to dissolution (i.e., seafloor weathering). Consequently, intensified erosion and mineral weathering may act as an additional CO₂ sink while supplying alkalinity to coastal waters. To evaluate this hypothesis, we carried out a sediment geochemical study in the southwestern Baltic Sea, where coastal erosion of glacial till is the dominant source of terrigenous material to offshore depocenters. We analyzed glacial till from coastal cliffs, sediments, and pore waters for major element composition using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and an elemental analyzer. Water samples were further analyzed for dissolved redox species and dissolved silica by photometry and ion chromatography. These data were then used to quantify mineral dissolution and precipitation processes and to assess their net effect on inorganic carbon cycling.
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