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GTS Bulletin: ISND77 AMDW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND77 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)

First-principles kinetic modeling for solar hydrogen production

The development of sustainable and efficient energy conversion processes at interfaces is at the center of the rapidly growing field of basic energy science. How successful this challenge can be addressed will ultimately depend on the acquired degree of molecular-level understanding. In this respect, the severe knowledge gap in electro- or photocatalytic conversions compared to corresponding thermal processes in heterogeneous catalysis is staggering. This discrepancy is most blatant in the present status of predictive-quality, viz. first-principles based modelling in the two fields, which largely owes to multifactorial methodological issues connected with the treatment of the electrochemical environment and the description of the surface redox chemistry driven by the photo-excited charges or external potentials.Successfully tackling these complexities will advance modelling methodology in (photo)electrocatalysis to a similar level as already established in heterogeneous catalysis, with an impact that likely even supersedes the one seen there in the last decade. A corresponding method development is the core objective of the present proposal, with particular emphasis on numerically efficient approaches that will ultimately allow to reach comprehensive microkinetic formulations. Synergistically combining the methodological expertise of the two participating groups we specifically aim to implement and advance implicit and mixed implicit/explicit solvation models, as well as QM/MM approaches to describe energy-related processes at solid-liquid interfaces. With the clear objective to develop general-purpose methodology we will illustrate their use with applications to hydrogen generation through water splitting. Disentangling the electro- resp. photocatalytic effect with respect to the corresponding dark reaction, this concerns both the hydrogen evolution reaction at metal electrodes like Pt and direct water splitting at oxide photocatalysts like TiO2. Through this we expect to arrive at a detailed mechanistic understanding that will culminate in the formulation of comprehensive microkinetic models of the light- or potential-driven redox process. Evaluating these models with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations will unambiguously identify the rate-determining and overpotential-creating steps and therewith provide the basis for a rational optimization of the overall process. As such our study will provide a key example of how systematic method development in computational approaches to basic energy sciences leads to breakthrough progress and serves both fundamental understanding and cutting-edge application.

Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 3 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise PS145/1

Multibeam data were collected with RV Polarstern along the route of cruise PS145/1 and data acquisition was continuously monitored during the survey. Multibeam sonar system was Teledyne/Atlas Hydrosweep DS3. SVPs were retrieved from SV probe and CTD data, as well as synthetic profiles from World Ocean Atlas 18. SVPs were processed with HydrOffice SoundSpeedManager (https://www.hydroffice.org/soundspeed/main) and extended with World Ocean Atlas 18 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA18). SVP data were applied during acquisition. Multibeam data are unprocessed and may contain outliers and blunders and should not be used for grid calculations and charting projects without further editing. The raw multibeam sonar data in Teledyne Reson multibeam processing format (.s7k) were recorded with Teledyne PDS software. Raw data files can be processed using software packages like CARIS HIPS/SIPS. For updated vessel configuration files check further details.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 2 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise ANT-XXIII/8 (PS69), Southern Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XXIII/8 (2006-11-23 to 2007-01-30). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 2 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction with SV data from CTDs and World Ocean Atlas 18 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA18), tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 2 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise ANT-XIX/1 (PS61), Atlantic Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XIX/1 (2001-11-08 to 2001-11-30). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 2 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction by cross fan calibration, tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 3 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise PS145/1, Atlantic Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise PS145/1 (2024-11-25 to 2024-12-07). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 3 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction with SV data from SVPs, CTDs and World Ocean Atlas 18 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA18), tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

Biotopkartierung (SH4) Marine Daten

Der vorliegende Geodatensatz umfasst alle bis zum angegebenen Stand kartierten bzw. abgegrenzten FFH-Lebensraumtypen (= LRT) der Meeresgewässer und Gezeitenzonen (1110, 1130. 1140, 1160, 1170) ohne die LRT 1110 und 1170 der Ostsee, für die ein separater Datensatz bereitgestellt wird. Die Abgernzungen in der Nordsee wurden durch die zuständige Nationalparkverwaltung durchgeführt bzw. mit ihr abgestimmt und spiegeln den aktuellen Kenntnisstand wieder. Die Abgrenzungen in der Ostsee wurden in Abstimmung mit der Abteilung Wasserwirtschaft, Dezernat Küstengewässer z. T. anhand von Tiefenlinien und Exposition durchgeführt. Die Abgrenzungen erfolgten i. d. R. nicht durch tatsächliche Kartierung im klassischen Sinne durch Inaugenscheinnahme, sondern durch Detektion (z.B. Sonar) und dient in erster Linie der Abgrenzung LRT zur Erfüllung europarechtlicher Berichtspflichten. Die Anspache der z.T. flächenidentischen gesetzlichen Biotope sowie die Bewertung des Erhaltungsgrades der LRT wird in diesem Datensatz nicht abgebildet. Weitergehende Erläuterung zum Begriff "Wertbiotop": Im Rahmen der BK gehören zu den Wertbiotopen grundsätzlich alle Flächen, die entweder als gesetzlich geschützte Biotope gemäß § 30 BNatSchG i. V. m. § 21 LNatSchG gelten und/oder als Lebensraumtyp (LRT) gemäß Anhang I der FFH-Richtlinie (92/43/EWG, 21.05.1992) anzusprechen sind. Hinsichtlich des gesetzlichen Biotopschutzes ist der Stand nach der Novellierung des Landesnaturschutzgesetzes (LNatSchG) in 2016 (Veröffentlichung in dem GVO Nr. 7 vom 23.06.2016, Seite 162) berücksichtigt und schließt das „arten-und strukturreiche Dauergrünland“ mit ein. Auch die Änderungen aufgrund des § 21 Absatz 7 des Landesnaturschutzgesetzes (LNatSchG), zuletzt geändert durch Verordnung vom 27. März 2019 (GVOBl. Schl.-H. S. 85), sind berücksichtigt sowie - soweit bereits erhoben bzw. in Schleswig-Holstein überhaupt v.h. - auch die seit dem 1. März 2022 gem. § 30 Absatz 1 Nummer 7 BNatSchG neu erfassten gesetzlich geschützten Biotope. Zu den Wertbiotopen gehören im vorliegenden Geodatensatz sämtliche Flächen/ Geometrien, die in den Tabellenspalten „BTSCHUTZ_1“ und/oder „BTSCHUTZ_2“ der Attributtabelle einen Eintrag einer Biotopverordnungsnummer (VO) oder die in den Tabellenspalten „LRT_TYP_1“ und/oder „LRT_TYP_2“ einen Eintrag eines Natura 2000- bzw. EU-LRT-Codes aufweisen. Nachrichtlich weist das LfU darauf hin, dass der Schutz des § 30 BNatSchG i. V. m. § 21 LNatSchG aktiviert wird, wenn und sobald eine Fläche die charakteristischen Merkmale eines gesetzlich geschützten Biotopes erfüllt. Der in § 30 Abs. 7 thematisierten Registrierung, die sich nach Landesrecht richtet und zumeist in Biotopkartierungen, Listen oder Biotopverzeichnissen ihren Niederschlag findet, kommt daher eine lediglich deklaratorische Bedeutung zu. D.h. nicht erst durch die Kartierung bzw. Erfassung und Registrierung werden Flächen zum geschützten Biotop, sondern der Charakter als gesetzlich geschütztes Biotop ergibt sich unmittelbar aus dem Gesetz. Bei Fragen und in Zweifelsfällen ist mit der fachlich zuständigen Person im LfU Rücksprache zu halten. Hinweis: Daten der maritimen LRT 1110 und 1170 in der Ostsee, befinden sich in dem separaten Geodatensatz "Maritim_Daten_Ostsee_LRT_1110_und_1170".

GTS Bulletin: ISND39 AMDS - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND39 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)

GTS Bulletin: ISND88 AMDN - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND88 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)

GTS Bulletin: ISND32 AMDS - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND32 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)

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