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Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Kongsberg EM2040 working area dataset) of RV ALKOR during cruise AL652/2, MPA Fehmarnbelt, Baltic Sea

Swath sonar bathymetry data were acquired during cruise AL652-2 with the research vessel RV ALKOR using a hull-mounted Kongsberg EM2040 multibeam echosounder (MBES). The cruise took place between 25.05.2026 - 02.06.2026 in the German Baltic Sea. The approximate depth range of the mapped area is between 15-30m. To improve MBES data quality, sound velocity profile (SVP) casts were conducted in the vicinity of the mapped area prior to and after each survey using a Sound Velocity Probe. The data set includes data from an area called 'Oejet', which is a part of the Nature Conservation Area (NCA) 'Fehmarnbelt', located in the western Baltic Sea. The survey was carried out to support baseline habitat studies in this region. Data processing involved the application of a weak spline filter and manual cleaning to remove erroneous soundings, performed using Qimera (https://qps.nl/qimera/#). A bathymetric raster was generated and exported in GeoTIFF format with a spatial resolution of 0.25 m (negative depth values), referenced to WGS84 as the vertical datum and projected in UTM coordinates. The dataset consists of two surveys (Stations AL652-2_65, AL652-2_77) that were combined into a single final grid.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 3 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise PS145/1, Atlantic Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise PS145/1 (2024-11-25 to 2024-12-07). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 3 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction with SV data from SVPs, CTDs and World Ocean Atlas 18 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA18), tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

GTS Bulletin: SMVX21 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SMVX21 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SM): Main synoptic hour (Remarks from Volume-C: SHIP)

GTS Bulletin: ISID06 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISID06 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISI): Intermediate synoptic observations from fixed land stations A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10321;Diepholz;10325;Salzuflen, Bad;10348;Braunschweig;10356;Ummendorf;10359;Gardelegen;10365;Genthin;10368;Wiesenburg;10376;Baruth;10385;Berlin-Brandenburg;10396;Manschnow;10418;Lüdenscheid;10424;Werl;10433;Lügde-Paenbruch;10435;Warburg;10441;10442;Alfeld;10444;Göttingen;10449;Leinefelde;10452;Braunlage;) (Remarks from Volume-C: SYNOP)

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1158: Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; Bereich Infrastruktur - Antarktisforschung mit vergleichenden Untersuchungen in arktischen Eisgebieten, Biogene Opalisotope - neue Proxies zur Untersuchung vergangener Nährstoffkreisläufe und hydrographischer Strukturen im Südpazifik in Beziehung zu der Entwicklung des Klimas und der antarktischen Kryosphäre

Der Verlauf der atmosphärischen CO2-Konzentrationen während der vergangenen Klimazyklen ist durch ein Sägezahnmuster mit Maxima in Warmzeiten und Minima in Kaltzeiten geprägt. Es besteht derzeit Konsens, dass insbesondere der Süd Ozean (SO) eine Schlüsselfunktion bei der Steuerung der CO2-Entwicklung einnimmt. Allerdings sind die dabei wirksamen Mechanismen, die in Zusammenhang mit Änderungen der Windmuster, Ozeanzirkulation, Stratifizierung der Wassersäule, Meereisausdehnung und biologischer Produktion stehen, noch nicht ausreichend bekannt. Daten zur Wirkung dieser Prozesse im Wechsel von Warm- und Kaltzeiten beziehen sich bislang fast ausschließlich auf den atlantischen SO. Um ein umfassendes Bild der Klimasteuerung durch den SO zu erhalten muss geklärt werden, wie weit sich die aus dem atlantischen SO bekannten Prozesswirkungen auf den pazifischen SO übertragen lassen. Dies ist deshalb von Bedeutung, da der pazifische SO den größten Teil des SO einnimmt. Darüber hinaus stellt er das hauptsächliche Abflussgebiet des Westantarktischen Eisschildes (WAIS) in den SO dar. Im Rahmen des Projektes sollen mit einer neu entwickelten Proxy-Methode Paläoumwelt-Zeitreihen an ausgewählten Sedimentkernen von latitudinalen Schnitten über den pazifischen SO hinweg gewonnen werden. Dabei handelt es sich um kombinierte Sauerstoff- und Siliziumisotopenmessungen an gereinigten Diatomeen und Radiolarien. Es sollen erstmalig die physikalischen Eigenschaften und Nährstoffbedingungen in verschiedenen Stockwerken des Oberflächenwassers aus verschiedenen Ablagerungsräumen und während unterschiedlicher Klimabedingungen beschrieben werden. Dies umfasst Bedingungen von kälter als heute (z.B. Letztes Glaziales Maximum) bis zu wärmer als heute (z.B. Marines Isotopen Stadium, MIS 5.5). Die Untersuchungen geben Hinweise zur (1) Sensitivität des antarktischen Ökosystems auf den Eintrag von Mikronährstoffen (Eisendüngung), (2) Oberflächenwasserstratifizierung und (3) 'Silicic-Acid leakage'-Hypothese, und tragen damit zur Überprüfung verschiedener Hypothesen zur Klimawirksamkeit von SO-Prozessen bei. Die neuen Proxies bilden überdies Oberflächen-Salzgehaltsanomalien ab, die Hinweise zur Stabilität des WAIS unter verschiedenen Klimabedingungen geben. Darüber hinaus kann die Hypothese getestet werden, nach der der WAIS während MIS 5.5 vollständig abgebaut war. Die Projektergebnisse sollen mit Simulationen mit einem kombinierten biogeochemischen (Si-Isotope beinhaltenden) Atmosphäre-Ozean-Zirkulations-Modell aus einem laufenden SPP1158-DFG Projekt an der CAU Kiel (PI B. Schneider) verglichen werden. Damit sollen die jeweiligen Beiträge der Ozeanzirkulation und der biologischen Produktion zum CO2-Austausch zwischen Ozean und Atmosphäre getrennt und statistisch analysiert werden. Informationen zu Staubeintrag, biogenen Flussraten, physikalischen Ozeanparametern und zur Erstellung von Altersmodellen stehen durch Zusammenarbeit mit anderen (inter)nationalen Projekten zur Verfügung.

HODOR: Hydroacoustic and Optical Dataset for Oceanic Research

HODOR (Hydroacoustic and Optical Dataset for Oceanic Research) is one of the first datasets to provide synchronized sonar and optical stereo camera videos, comprising over 400 hours of continuous recordings. The purpose of HODOR is to support the development of machine learning and deep learning algorithms for marine applications, multimodal sensor fusion techniques, biomass quantification, and long-term ecological studies. The data was collected with a stationary underwater fish observatory (UFO) in the Kiel Fjord, an inlet of the Baltic Sea in northern Germany, and includes an 86-day subset of the recordings from 2021, which was selected based on automated detections using the YOLOv5 model

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (EM 1002 echosounder entire dataset) of RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM62/2

Swath sonar bathymetry data used for that dataset was recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM62/2 using Kongsberg EM1002 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 23.03.2017 and 27.03.2017 in the Baltic Sea. The cruise aimed to investigate the impact of the Littorina transgression on the inflow of saline waters into the western Baltic and assessed the potential for future diminution of ventilation in the central and northern deeper basins due to isostatic uplift [CSR]. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. During the MSM62/2 cruise, the moonpooled KONGSBERG EM1002 multibeam echosounder (MBES) was utilized to perform bathymetric mapping in shallow depths. The echosounder has a curved transducer in which 111 beams are formed for each ping while the seafloor is detected using amplitude and phase information for each beam sounding. For further information on the system, consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. Postprocessing and products were conducted by the Seafloor-Imaging & Mapping group of MARUM/FB5, responsible person Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de). The open source software MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, https://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system, 2017) was utilized for this purpose. A sound velocity correction profile was applied to the MSM62/2 data; there were no further corrections for roll, pitch and heave applied during postprocessing. A tide correction was applied, based on the Oregon State University (OSU) tidal prediction software (OTPS) that is retrievable through MB-System. CTD measurements during the cruise were sufficient to represent the changes in the sound velocity throughout the study area. Using Mbeditviz, artefacts were cleaned manually. NetCDF (GMT) grids of the edited data as well as statistics were created with mbgrid. The published bathymetric EM1002 grid of the cruise MSM62/2 has a resolution of 15 m. No total propagated uncertainty (TPU) has been calculated to gather vertical or horizontal accuracy. A higher resolution is, at least partly, achievable. The grid extended with _num represents a raster dataset with the statistical number of beams/depths taken into account to create the depth of the cell. The extended _sd -grid contains the standard deviation for each cell. The DTMs projections are given in Geographic coordinate system Lat/Lon; Geodetic Datum: WGS84.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (EM 1002 echosounder entire dataset) of RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM51/1

Swath sonar bathymetry data used for that dataset was recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM51/1 using Kongsberg EM1002 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 01.02.2016 and 27.02.2016 in the Baltic Sea. The cruise aimed to perform seismo- and hydroacoustic surveys, sampling of Holocene sediments and to investigate the water column wintertime mixing close to sea-ice limits. These surveys improved the understanding of variations in the ventilation of the deeper Baltic, considering not only external climate forcing but also the effects of postglacial sealevel rise and isostatic uplift [CSR]. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. During the MSM51-1 cruise, the moonpooled KONGSBERG EM1002 multibeam echosounder (MBES) was utilized to perform bathymetric mapping in shallow depths. 111 beams are formed for each ping while the seafloor is detected using amplitude and phase information for each beam sounding. For further information on the system, consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. Postprocessing and products were conducted by the Seafloor-Imaging & Mapping group of MARUM/FB5, responsible person Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de). The open source software MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, https://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system, 2017) was utilized for this purpose. A sound velocity correction profile was applied to the MSM51-1 data; there were no further corrections for roll, pitch and heave applied during postprocessing. A tide correction was applied, based on the Oregon State University (OSU) tidal prediction software (OTPS) that is retrievable through MB-System. CTD measurements during the cruise were sufficient to represent the changes in the sound velocity throughout the study area. Using Mbeditviz, artefacts were cleaned manually. NetCDF (GMT) grids of the edited data as well as statistics were created with mbgrid. The published bathymetric EM1002 grid of the cruise MSM51-1 has a resolution of 15 m. No total propagated uncertainty (TPU) has been calculated to gather vertical or horizontal accuracy. A higher resolution is, at least partly, achievable. The grid extended with _num represents a raster dataset with the statistical number of beams/depths taken into account to create the depth of the cell. The extended _sd -grid contains the standard deviation for each cell. The DTMs projections are given in Geographic coordinate system Lat/Lon; Geodetic Datum: WGS84.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Kongsberg EM2040 working area dataset) of RV ALKOR during cruise AL644, Baltic Sea

Swath sonar bathymetry data recorded during AL644 on RV ALKOR using the hull-mounted Kongsberg EM2040 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 17.11.2025 - 28.11.2025 in the German Baltic Sea. The approximate depth range of the mapped areas is between 10-30m. To improve MBES data quality, sound velocity profile (SVP) casts were conducted in the vicinity of the mapped area prior to and after each survey using a CTD. The data set includes data from the 'Adlergrund' (ADG), located within the Pommeranian Bay/Rønne Bank Nature Conservation Area (NCA), from the 'Kadet Trench ('KDR') NCA and the Fehmarn Belt ('FB') NCA. The mapping has been conducted for baseline habitat studies in the area. Data were manually edited for false measurements using Qimera (https://qps.nl/qimera/#). A raster was calculated and stored in GeoTIFF format with a 0.5 m resolution (negative values), WGS84 as vertical datum and UTM as a projection. The mapping has been conducted for baseline habitat studies in the area.

Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM2040 entire dataset) of RV ALKOR during cruise AL644

Swath sonar bathymetry data recorded during AL644 on RV ALKOR using the hull-mounted Kongsberg EM2040 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 17.11.2025 - 28.11.2025 in the German Baltic Sea. The approximate depth range of the mapped areas is between 10-30m. To improve MBES data quality, sound velocity profile (SVP) casts were conducted in the vicinity of the mapped area prior to and after each survey using a CTD. The data set includes data from the 'Adlergrund' (ADG), located within the Pommeranian Bay/Rønne Bank Nature Conservation Area (NCA), from the 'Kadet Trench ('KDR') NCA and the Fehmarn Belt ('FB') NCA. The mapping has been conducted for baseline habitat studies in the area.

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