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The Trans-Amazon Drilling Project (TADP) recovered long drill core sequences from the Brazilian Amazon to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Amazon’s climate, fluvial system, and the composition and diversity of its forests. The original plan included a transect of three sites: the Acre Basin in the west, a central site in the Solimões Basin, and a third site in the Marajó Basin in the east. Plans for drilling in the Solimões Basin site were ultimately abandoned because of high inflation following the Covid-19 pandemic leading to budget constraints. This report summarizes the personnel, drilling engineering plans, operations, and ongoing analytical plans for the TADP drill cores that were recovered from the western and eastern Amazon in 2023 and 2024. All datasets provided in the operational dataset (Bezerra et al., 2026?) of the ICDP project Trans-Amazon Drilling Project (TADP) with the ICDP expedition identifier 5066 consist of metadata and data generated during the operational phases in 2023 and 2024. Here, a summary of explanations of the tables and data from the database of the project (mDIS TADP) are given and are complimented by additional information on data from measurements done in the field. Some basic definitions of identifiers used in ICDP are also introduced. All data and images from the laboratory work and first sampling party are available at the CSD database (https://osf.io/cp8wn/, available after login).
The GRIND project (Geological Research through Integrated Neoproterozoic Drilling) aims to establish a comprehensive drill core archive of the Neoproterozoic Era through three phases: Tonian (GRIND-TON), Cryogenian (GRIND-CRY), and the Ediacaran–Cambrian Transition (GRIND-ECT). The GRIND-ECT phase, the first to be completed, investigates environmental change and biological turnover of the late Ediacaran leading to the Cambrian Explosion. GRIND-ECT drilling targeted mixed siliciclastic–carbonate successions in Namibia and Brazil, with drilling conducted during operational campaigns in 2019 and 2022. A total of eight fully cored boreholes were completed, recovering more than 2.6 km of HQ core with consistently high recovery. All cores were split, documented, and archived at the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) core shed in Berlin-Spandau, Germany This report documents the ICDP operational dataset produced during Expedition 5064 and provides guidance on its structure, content, and use. The dataset comprises metadata, tabular data, and extensive image collections exported from the ICDP mobile Drilling Information System (mDIS), including site, hole, core, section, sample, lithology, and drilling records. All data are linked through ICDP combined identifiers and International Generic Sample Numbers (IGSNs), providing a robust and FAIR-compliant foundation for ongoing and future studies of the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition.
This data publication is supplementary to a study reconstructing hydrological regimes along Chile since the Last Glacial Maximum to investigate the forcing mechanisms and teleconnections affecting the climate of the west coast of South America by Läuchli et al. (2025). The dataset contains (1) a compilation of previously published and newly acquired radiocarbon ages for the gravity cores GeoB7139-2 (R/V Sonne Cruise SO156, Hebbeln and Shipboard Scientists, 2001), GeoB 3304-5 (R/V Sonne Cruise SO102, Hebbeln and Shipboard Scientists, 1995) and 22SL (Sonne Cruise SO161-5, Wiedicke-Hombach and Shipboard Scientific Party, 2002), (2) age-depth models generated for the gravity cores GeoB7139-2, GeoB3304-5 and 22SL, (3) the carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions of leaf wax n-alkanes for sites GeoB3304-5 and 22SL, (4) the carbon isotope composition of fluvial and marine surface sediments along Chile previously reported by Gaviria-Lugo et al. (2023) and (5) catchment-averaged climate variables derived from global maps. The dataset is provided here as a single .xlsx file containing several data sheets. In addition, a CSV file is provided for each table. The data were acquired as part of the German Science Foundation (DFG) priority program SPP-1803 “EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota” initiated and lead by Friedhelm von Blanckenburg and Todd Ehlers. The GeoB cores samples were provided by the MARUM Research Center (Bremen). The 22SL gravity core was stored and supplied by the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR, Hannover).
We compiled available information for burrowing animals in Chile in two tables: "2020-042_Uebernickel-et-al_Vertebrates" and "2020-042_Uebernickel-et-al_Invertebrates". A discussion about burrowing vertebrates and invertebrates and the effect of the communities at selected sites in arid to humid Chile is given in Übernickel et al. (2021): Reviews and syntheses: Composition and characteristics of burrowing animals along a climate and ecological gradient, Chile. The purpose of these tables is to provide an overview of burrowing vertebrates and invertebrate species in Chile. The degree of known details of their natural history varies and is often minimal. For invertebrates, the majority of the published work is taxonomic or descriptive that hardly encounter biologic or ecologic aspects of the respective species. The geographic distribution of most invertebrate species remains largely unknown, as they have been topic of single investigations at specific research sites in Chile. The tables are intended as starting point for follow up research. Quantification of distributional ranges, density, excavation rates, burrow or gallery dimensions and further parameters of these species, is important to quantify the biotic influence they have on a landscape level. From publications mostly treating single species, we have compiled this comprehensive dataset of 45 digging or soil-moving vertebrate and 345 invertebrate species. It includes a list of species names with morphological digging adaptations and species observed to dig. In vertebrates excavating behavior is documented for mammals, lizards and birds. In invertebrates, excavating behavior is mentioned for Chilean spiders, scorpions, camel spider, beetles, cicadas, wasps, bees, ants, a termite and antlions. Chile is characterized by an endemic fauna, especially true for arthropods, with limited distributional ranges. Currently, these largely still unknown species are under thread of extinction by the destruction of habitats, desertification and climate change. We encourage specialists to add information to this first compilation.
A compilation of 90,688 published radiometric dates for sedimentary rocks from the South American Andes and adjacent parts of South America have been tabulated for access by researchers via GEOROC Expert Datasets. The compilation exists as a spreadsheet for access via MS Excel, Google Sheets, and other spreadsheet applications. Initial igneous compilations were utilized in two publications by the author, Pilger (1981, 1984). The compilations have been added to in subsequent years with the metamorphic and sedimentary compilations separated in the last few years. Locations in latitude and longitude are largely taken from the original source, if provided, with UTM locations maintained and converted; in some cases, sample locations were digitized from electronic maps if coordinates were otherwise not available. Analytical results are not included to prevent the files from becoming too large. The existing compilation incorporates compilations by other workers in smaller regions of the Andes. References to original and compilation sources are included. While I am updating reconstructions of the South American and Nazca/Farallon plates, incorporating recent studies in the three oceans, for comparison with the igneous dates for the past 80 m. y., it is hoped that the spreadsheets will be of value to other workers. Reliability: In most cases the data have been copy/pasted from published or appendix tables. In a few cases, the location has been digitized from published maps; the (equatorial equidistant) maps were copied into Google Earth and positioned according to indicated coordinates, with locations digitized and copied/pasted into the spreadsheet. (It is possible that published maps are conventional Mercator-based, even if not so identified, rather than either equatorial equidistant or Universal Transverse Mercator; this can be a source of error in location. For UTMs, the errors should be minor.) Duplicates are largely recognized by equivalent IDs, dates, and uncertainties. Where primary sources have been accessed, duplicate data points in compilations are deleted. (Analytic data are NOT included.) This compilation is part of a series. Companion compilations of radiometric dates from igneous and metamorphic rocks are available at https://doi.org/10.5880/digis.e.2023.005 and https://doi.org/10.5880/digis.e.2023.007, respectively.
A compilation of 29,574 published radiometric dates for metamorphic rocks from the South American Andes and adjacent parts of South America have been tabulated for access by researchers via GEOROC Expert Datasets. The compilation exists as a spreadsheet for access via MS Excel, Google Sheets, and other spreadsheet applications. Initial igneous compilations were utilized in two publications by the author, Pilger (1981, 1984). The compilations have been added to in subsequent years with the metamorphic and sedimentary compilations separated in the last few years. Locations in latitude and longitude are largely taken from the original source, if provided, with UTM locations maintained and converted; in some cases, sample locations were digitized from electronic maps if coordinates were otherwise not available. Analytical results are not included to prevent the files from becoming too large. The existing compilation incorporates compilations by other workers in smaller regions of the Andes. References to original and compilation sources are included. While I am updating reconstructions of the South American and Nazca/Farallon plates, incorporating recent studies in the three oceans, for comparison with the igneous dates for the past 80 m. y., it is hoped that the spreadsheets will be of value to other workers. Reliability: In most cases the data have been copy/pasted from published or appendix tables. In a few cases, the location has been digitized from published maps; the (equatorial equidistant) maps were copied into Google Earth and positioned according to indicated coordinates, with locations digitized and copied/pasted into the spreadsheet. (It is possible that published maps are conventional Mercator-based, even if not so identified, rather than either equatorial equidistant or Universal Transverse Mercator; this can be a source of error in location. For UTMs, the errors should be minor.) Duplicates are largely recognized by equivalent IDs, dates, and uncertainties. Where primary sources have been accessed, duplicate data points in compilations are deleted. (Analytic data are NOT included.) This compilation is part of a series. Companion compilations of radiometric dates from igneous and sedimentary rocks are available at https://doi.org/10.5880/digis.e.2023.005 and https://doi.org/10.5880/digis.e.2023.006, respectively.
A compilation of 39,070 published radiometric dates for igneous rocks from the South American Andes and adjacent parts of South America have been tabulated for access by researchers via GEOROC Expert Datasets. The compilation exists as a spreadsheet for access via MS Excel, Google Sheets, and other spreadsheet applications. Initial igneous compilations were utilized in two publications by the author, Pilger (1981, 1984). The compilations have been added to in subsequent years with the metamorphic and sedimentary compilations separated in the last few years. Locations in latitude and longitude are largely taken from the original source, if provided, with UTM locations maintained and converted; in some cases, sample locations were digitized from electronic maps if coordinates were otherwise not available. Analytical results are not included to prevent the files from becoming too large. The existing compilation incorporates compilations by other workers in smaller regions of the Andes. References to original and compilation sources are included. While I am updating reconstructions of the South American and Nazca/Farallon plates, incorporating recent studies in the three oceans, for comparison with the igneous dates for the past 80 m. y., it is hoped that the spreadsheets will be of value to other workers. Reliability: In most cases the data have been copy/pasted from published or appendix tables. In a few cases, the location has been digitized from published maps; the (equatorial equidistant) maps were copied into Google Earth and positioned according to indicated coordinates, with locations digitized and copied/pasted into the spreadsheet. (It is possible that published maps are conventional Mercator-based, even if not so identified, rather than either equatorial equidistant or Universal Transverse Mercator; this can be a source of error in location. For UTMs, the errors should be minor.) Duplicates are largely recognized by equivalent IDs, dates, and uncertainties. Where primary sources have been accessed, duplicate data points in compilations are deleted. (Analytic data are NOT included.) This compilation is part of a series. Companion compilations of radiometric dates from sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are available at https://doi.org/10.5880/digis.e.2023.006 and https://doi.org/10.5880/digis.e.2023.007, respectively.
The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota” (www.earthshape.net) installed three meteorological stations at an elevational gradient in the National Park La Campana, Chile, in the sector Ocoa, within one catchment, that is one of the four EarthShape core research sites. They are located at a valley position, at the slope and the crest of the catchment. For reference, the valley station is neighbouring a weather station (Campbell Scientific) that the EarthShape project has installed earlier, in 2016 (Übernickel et al., 2020). The other two weather stations are installed on higher elevations. The weather stations are intended to provide baseline meteorological data along the elevational gradient within the La Campana catchment. Each station is configured to include sensors that record air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure as well as total solar radiation at 2 m height; precipitation at 1 m height. The data recording started in March 2019. This publication provides raw data as downloaded from the three stations, appended to one single *.xlsx file per station. The data is measured in 30 minutes intervals. The full description of the data and methods is provided in the data description file.
The South American gravimetric geoid model, named GEOID2021, was computed thanks to a collaboration of several institutions, companies and universities of South America. The model covers the area between 15°N and 60°S in latitude and 100°W and 30°W in longitude, with a grid resolution of 5' x 5'. It is based on 959,404 terrestrial gravimetric points, the XGM2019 global geopotential model up to degree and order 200 and the SRTMv3 digital terrain model. The short wavelengths of the solution were estimated via Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) with the modified Stokes kernel proposed by Vaníček and Kleusberg (1987). On the other hand, long and medium wavelengths were removed and replaced in the framework of a remove-compute-restore procedure. Regions without gravimetric observations were completed using XGM2019 to its full degree. The calculation of the geoid model was performed by the Canadian package SHGEO (Stokes-Helmert Geoid Software). The comparison between the estimated geoid heights and GPS/levelling data at 4464 points in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela (2931, 176, 464, 703 and 190 points, respectively) shows differences with an RMS ranging from 34 cm for Argentina to 92 cm for Ecuador. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
The South American gravimetric quasi-geoid model, named QGEOID2021, was computed thanks to a collaboration of several institutions, companies and universities of South America. The model covers the area between 15°N and 60°S in latitude and 100°W and 30°W in longitude, with a grid resolution of 5' x 5'. It is based on 959,404 terrestrial gravimetric points, the XGM2019 global geopotential model up to degree and order 200 and the SRTMv3 digital terrain model. The short wavelengths of the solution were estimated via Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) with the modified Stokes kernel proposed by Vaníček and Kleusberg (1987). On the other hand, long and medium wavelengths were removed and replaced in the framework of a remove-compute-restore procedure. Regions without gravimetric observations were completed using XGM2019 to its full degree. The calculation of the geoid model was performed by the Canadian package SHGEO (Stokes-Helmert Geoid Software). The quasi-geoid model was obtained by the classical geoid/quasi-geoid separation term (Heiskanen and Moritz, 1967). The comparison between height anomalies and GPS/levelling data at 1108 points in Brazil shows differences with an RMS of 41 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
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