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WISE WFD Reference Spatial Datasets reported under Water Framework Directive 2016 - PUBLIC VERSION - version 1.7, Jul. 2024

The dataset contains information on the European river basin districts, the river basin district sub-units, the surface water bodies and the groundwater bodies delineated for the 2nd River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) as well as the European monitoring sites used for the assessment of the status of the above mentioned surface water bodies and groundwater bodies. The information was reported to the European Commission under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) reporting obligations. The dataset compiles the available spatial data related to the 2nd RBMPs due in 2016 (hereafter WFD2016). See http://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations/715 for further information on the WFD2016 reporting. See also https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations/766 for information on the Environmental Quality Standards Directive - Preliminary programmes of measures and supplementary monitoring. Where available, spatial data related to the 3rd RBMPs due in 2022 (hereafter WFD2022) was used to update the WFD2016 data. See https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations/780 for further information on the WFD2022 reporting.

EU27_2020 basemap for EEA internal use

This Discomap web map service provides an EU-27 (2020) basemap for internal EEA use as a background layer in viewers or any other web application. It is provided as REST and as OGC WMS services, dynamic and cached. The cached service has a custom cache at the following scales: 1/50.000.000 1/42.000.000 1/36.000.000 (Europe's size) 1/30.000.000 1/20.000.000 1/10.000.000 1/5.000.000 1/2.500.000 1/1.000.000.

Percentage of urban schools located in Urban Heat Island Effect stronger than 2 degrees Celsius, Jun. 2022

This metadata refers to the vector data covering 100 cities in Europe in 2021, for which Urban Heat Island modelling is available, the percentage of educational facilities that are located within the extent of urban heat island of 2 degrees Celsius or more than the regional average. The Urban Heat Island intensity exacerbates high temperatures in cities and thus may pose additional risks to human thermal comfort and health. Urban heat island (UHI) is an urban or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the UHI effect is from the modification of land surfaces. The data is included in the European Climate and Health Observatory: https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/observatory. The European Climate and Health Observatory platform provides easy access to a wide range of relevant publications, tools, websites and other resources related to climate change and human health.

Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity modelling, Jan. 2020

The raster dataset of urban heat island modelling shows the fine-scale (100m pixel size) temperature differences (in degrees Celsius °C) across 100 European cities, depending on the land use, soil sealing, anthropogenic heat flux, vegetation index and climatic variables such as wind speed and incoming solar radiation. In the framework of the Copernicus European Health contract for the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), VITO provided 100m resolution hourly temperature data (2008-2017) for 100 European cities, based on simulations with the urban climate model UrbClim (De Ridder et al., 2015). As the cities vary in size, so do the model domains. They have been defined with the intention to have a more or less constant ratio of urban vs. non-urban pixels (as defined in the CORINE land use map), with a maximum of 400 by 400 pixels (due to computational restraints). From this data set, the average urban heat island intensity is mapped for the summer season (JJA), which is the standard way of working in the scientific literature (e.g. Dosio, 2016). The UHI is calculated by subtracting the rural (non-water) spatial P10 temperature value from the average temperature map. The 100 European cities for the urban simulations were selected based on user requirements within the health community.

Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity (90th percentile), Jan. 2020

This vector dataset shows the Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity (in degrees Celsius °C) for 100 European cities, based on their elevation above sea level, land use, soil sealing, vegetation index and anthropogenic heat flux. The Urban Heat Island intensity exacerbates high temperatures in cities and thus may pose additional risks to human thermal comfort and health. The UHI intensity is represented by spatial P90 (90th percentile) urban heat island intensity of a given city ("P90" field in the dataset). This indicator is calculated by subtracting the rural (non-water) spatial P10 (10th percentile) temperature value from the average, height-corrected (to exclude terrain effects), air temperature map. This indicator represents the specific exposure of single cities and due to the height correction will be comparable across Europe. The dataset has been created by VITO within the Copernicus Health contract for C3S and is based on UrbClim model (De Ridder et al. 2015). The 100 European cities for the urban simulations were selected based on user requirements within the health community.

Area inundated with 1m sea level rise, Jan. 2020

The dataset shows the percentage of cities' administrative area (core city based on the Urban Morphological Zones dataset) inundated by the sea level rise of 1 metre, without any coastal flooding defences present for a series of individual coastal European cities (included in Urban Audit). The dataset has been computed using the CReSIS (Centre for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets) dataset for 2018.

Percentage of urban hospitals located in Urban Heat Island Effect stronger than 2 degrees Celsius, Jun. 2022

This metadata refers to the vector data covering 100 cities in Europe in 2021, for which Urban Heat Island modelling is available, the percentage of healthcare services (hospitals) that are located within the extent of urban heat island of 2 degrees or more than the regional average. The Urban Heat Island intensity exacerbates high temperatures in cities and thus may pose additional risks to human thermal comfort and health. Urban heat island (UHI) is an urban or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the UHI effect is from the modification of land surfaces. The data is included in the European Climate and Health Observatory: https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/observatory. The European Climate and Health Observatory platform provides easy access to a wide range of relevant publications, tools, websites and other resources related to climate change and human health.

Area inundated with 2m sea level rise, Jan. 2020

This metadata refers to a dataset that shows the percentage of cities' administrative area (core city based on the Urban Morphological Zones dataset) inundated by the sea level rise of 2 metres, without any coastal flooding defences present for a series of individual coastal European cities (included in Urban Audit). The dataset has been computed using the CReSIS (Centre for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets) dataset for 2018.

Concentrations of heavy metals in European agricultural soils, Oct. 2020

This data set contains current and critical metal concentrations and its exceedances in topsoils, as well as data related to the current and critical metal inputs to and outputs from soils (uptake, accumulation and leaching) and the resulting exceedances of critical metal inputs. This data set has been compiled by the European Topic Centre on Urban, Land and Soil Systems (ETC/ULS) in the context of a study on metal and nutrient dynamics where the fate and dynamics of the most abundant heavy metals and nutrients in agricultural soils were investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of agricultural intensification in Europe, and to understand its environmental impact. Metal concentrations in soils were used from two consecutive Europe-wide geochemical surveys, sampled in 1998 (FOREGS survey) and 2009 (GEMAS survey). For land use, the 2010 Eurostat data were used. The metals included in this data set are cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The results on the fate of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) are included in a separate dataset. Cu and Zn are minor nutrients but at high inputs, they may cause adverse impacts on soil biodiversity, whereas Cd and Pb are toxic metals that may lead to soil degradation, by both affecting soil biodiversity and food quality. Metal budgets based on spatially explicit input and output data were calculated using the INTEGRATOR model; approximately 40,000 so-called NCUs as unique combinations of soil type, administrative region, slope class and altitude class were used. Available critical limits for food, water and soil organisms, from different existing regulations and studies, were converted to soil property-dependent critical metal concentrations (soil-based quality standards), which were then used to calculate critical metal inputs. The results allow for the first time to identifying spatial hot spots for critical environmental impact of soil pollution for the four most abundant heavy metals. It thus informs policy processes important for planning and guiding sustainable agriculture and soil management. The work is methodologically novel, as it applies endpoint risk to thresholds in soils, and thus guides future impact studies. Updates with more recent land use and soil data are now possible. The description of the included model results and the reference report is provided under "lineage". The data set is provided as SHP and also in a GDB, the latter including as well the N and P concentrations. An Excel file "Metadata heavy metals nutrients.xlsx" with the attribute metadata is provided with the data set.

Average travel time to the nearest hospital in minutes, NUTS3 regions, 2020

This metadata refers to the vector dataset presenting, for NUTS3 regions, the average travel time to the nearest hospital in 2020. The data has been developed by Eurostat to measure how easily basic services can be reached by the resident population, based on spatial analyses of the location of healthcare facilities, combined with the road network. (note this could have been across a national border). The data is included in the European Climate and Health Observatory: https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/observatory. The European Climate and Health Observatory platform provides easy access to a wide range of relevant publications, tools, websites and other resources related to climate change and human health.

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