Offene Verbrennung von Pflanzenmaterial verschiedener Herkunft. Dabei Messung von Temperatur, Flussrate, Gewichtsverlust und Spurengaskonzentrationen im Abgas. Gemessene Spurengase: CO, CO2, CH4, C2-C10-Kohlenwasserstoffe, NO, N2O, NH3, HCN, CH3CN, SO2, H2S, CS2, COS.
The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
Water Vapour (H2O) concentration (globally) as derived from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI observations. H2O is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. In addition it is one of the most powerful drivers for weather phenomena in the troposphere. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Water Vapour (H2O), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.
Aerosol single-scattering albedo (ASSA) as derived from TROPOMI observations. ASSA is a measure of how much light is scattered by aerosols compared to how much is absorbed. It is important for understanding the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative forcing. ASSA is unitless; a value of unity implies that extinction is completely due to scattering; conversely, a single-scattering albedo of zero implies that extinction is completely due to absorption. Daily ASSA observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
Aerosols are an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The Aerosol layer height is provided in kilometres. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
Während der letzten Jahre wurde Salpetrige Säure (HONO) als eine Hauptquelle von OH-Radikalen in der unteren Atmosphäre erkannt. Da das OH Radikal für den Abbau der meisten Schadstoffe und die Bildung von Photooxidantien, wie z.B. Ozone, verantwortlich ist, sind die Identifizierung und die Quantifizierung von atmosphärischen HONO-Quellen von großer Bedeutung. Basierend auf Laborstudien wurden hauptsächlich bodennahe HONO-Quellen vorgeschlagen, um die unerwartet hohen HONO-Tageskonzentrationen in der unteren Atmosphäre zu erklären. Daraus resultierende vertikale Flussmessungen von HONO über atmosphärischen Oberflächen werden jedoch nur selten durchgeführt. Zudem wird hierbei auf Grund fehlender schneller und empfindlicher HONO-Messgeräte meist nur die aerodynamische Gradientenmethode eingesetzt, die mit großen Unsicherheiten behaftet ist. Daher soll im Rahmen des hier beantragten Projektes ein REA (Relaxed Eddy Accumulation) System, zur Quantifizierung vertikaler Flüsse salpetriger Säure (HONO) entwickelt und erprobt werden. Es soll ein Zweikanal-Messgerät aufgebaut werden, das auf dem LOPAP (Long Path Absorption Photometer)-Messprinzip basiert und das mit einem mikrometeorologischen Einlasssystem gekoppelt wird. Hierbei werden zwei schnelle Magnetventile mit Hilfe eines Ultraschallanemometers gesteuert und somit die beiden Kanäle für jeweils auf- und absteigende Luftmassen beprobt. Zusätzlich werden in einem dritten Kanal chemische Interferenzen bestimmt und zur Korrektur der Messsignale verwendet. Parallel zum Aufbau der Hardware soll für die Steuerung der Ventile und die Datenerfassung der meteorologischen Daten eine passende Software entwickelt werden. Das Gerät wird zunächst an der BUW auf seine technische Funktionalität getestet und optimiert. Zum Ende des Projektes sollen dann mit Hilfe des Messgerätes und begleitenden anderen Spurengasmessungen Tagesquellen von HONO über einem landwirtschaftlich genutzten Feld in Grignon (Frankreich) identifiziert und quantifiziert werden. Die gewonnenen Daten sollen mit Ergebnissen aus HONO-Gradientenmessungen verglichen werden, die im Rahmen eines früheren DFG-Projekts des Antragstellers am selben Messort gewonnen wurden.
The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. The operational H2O total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV/VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. The total H2O column is retrieved from GOME solar backscattered measurements in the red wavelength region (614-683.2 nm), using the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/
The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks) are used for retrieving the following geophysical cloud properties from GOME and GOME-2 data: cloud fraction (cloud cover), cloud-top pressure (cloud-top height), and cloud optical thickness (cloud-top albedo). OCRA is an optical sensor cloud detection algorithm that uses the PMD devices on GOME / GOME-2 to deliver cloud fractions for GOME / GOME-2 scenes. ROCINN takes the OCRA cloud fraction as input and uses a neural network training scheme to invert GOME / GOME-2 reflectivities in and around the O2-A band. VLIDORT [Spurr (2006)] templates of reflectances based on full polarization scattering of light are used to train the neural network. ROCINN retrieves cloud-top pressure and cloud-top albedo. The cloud-top pressure for GOME scenes is derived from the cloud-top height provided by ROCINN and an appropriate pressure profile. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/
Ziel diesen Antrags ist die Teilnahme der universitären Partner an den Messungen der Kampagne PGS (POLSTRACC/ GWLCYCLE/ SALSA), die im Winter 2015/2016 durchgeführt werden sollen. An der geplanten HALO Kampagne sind die Universitäten Frankfurt, Mainz, Heidelberg und Wuppertal beteiligt. Die Universität Mainz ist kein voller Partner dieses Antrages, da es kein Projekt der Universität Mainz (AG Prof. Peter Hoor) in der letzten Phase des Schwerpunktprogramms gab. Der finanzielle Teil der geplanten Aktivitäten der Universität Mainz soll daher über die Universität Frankfurt abgewickelt werden. Der wissenschaftliche Beitrag der Universität Mainz ist allerdings in einer ähnlichen Weise dargestellt wie für die anderen universitären Partner. Das Ziel von PGS ist es, Beobachtungen einer großen Zahl verschieden langlebiger Tracer zur Verfügung zu stellen, um chemische und dynamische Fragestellungen in der UTLS zu untersuchen (POLSTRACC und SALSA) und die Bildung und Propagation von Schwerwellen in der Atmosphäre zu untersuchen. (GWLCYCLE). Die Universitäten Frankfurt und Wuppertal schlagen vor hierfür GC Messungen von verschieden langlebigen Spurengasen und von CO2 (Wuppertal) durchzuführen. Die Universität Mainz schlägt den Betrieb eines Laser Spektrometers für schnelle Messungen von N2O, CH4 und CO vor und die Universität Heidelberg plant Messungen reaktiver Chlor und Bromverbindungen mit Hilfe der DOAS Technik. Die wissenschaftlichen Studien, die mit den gewonnen Daten durchgeführt werden sollen, werden im Antrag umrissen. Es sind Studien zu Herkunft und Transport von Luftmassen in der UTLS, zu Transportzeitskalen und zum chemischen Partitionierung. Es sei an dieser Stelle darauf hingewiesen, dass diese wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten zwar hier umrissen werden, die Studien selbst aber aufgrund der begrenzten Personalförderung und der kurzen Laufzeit nicht Teil dieses Antrags sind. Ziel dieses Antrags ist es, die Vorbereitung und Integration der Messgeräte zu ermöglichen, die Messungen durchzuführen und die Daten für die Datenbank auszuwerten. Wir beantragen daher hier den universitären Anteil an den Missionskosten (incl. Zertifizierung der Gesamtnutzlast und der Flugkosten), die Personalmittel, Reisekosten und Verbrauchskosten für die Durchführung der Messungen.
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