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METOP GOME-2 - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 SO2 total column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. Volcanoes are the largest soures of SO2 in the atmosphere, depending on the erruption the Sulfurous compounds can be injected into stratosphere but in most cases it stays within the troposphere. Another important source is the coal combustion. Desulfurisation facilities within the power stations have reduced the sulfur emissions around the globe. In the stratosphere sulfur is a key component for building up aerosols, which reflect parts of the solar irradiation. The total SO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the ultraviolet wavelength region [using the DOAS method]. Depending on the plume SO2 can be a very strong absorber, because of that the ODAS retrieval might have some smaller issues, they can be reduced by choosing different wavelenght ranges depending on the signal. We apply three different fitting windows between 310 and 360nm. For the AMF, we assume a plumeheight of 6 km altitude. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Ozone (O3) - Global

Gridded Level 3 ozone column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the stratosphere – where the majority of the total O3 amount is located - O3 plays an vital role for the UV protection. In the troposphere O3 is generated by chemical processes caused by natural and anthropogenic emission of NO2 and volatile organic components (VOCs) (e.g. HCHO). Direct exposure to O3 is harmfull for humans and our environment. The total O3 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the uv wavelength region 325-335nm [using the DOAS method]. To determine the AMF an iterative process is applied, the assumed profile depends on the latitude, month, but also on the total column. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

Modulare miniaturisierte photoakustische Gassensorik zur dezentralen Prozessüberwachung, Teilvorhaben: Simulation und Komponententests

Auswirkungen eines erhöhten CO2-Partialdruck auf die Struktur und Funktion mikrobieller Lebensgemeinschaften des Bodens, der Rhizosphäre und Rhizoplane im Langzeitversuch

Zusammensetzung und zeitliche Veränderungen der mikrobiellen Lebensgemeinschaften von Rhizoplane, Rhizosphäre und des Bodenkörpers eines extensiv genutzten Grünlandes sollen unter derzeitigem und erhöhtem atmosphärischen CO2-Partialdruck im Langzeitversuch (unter Einbindung und Verzahnung in das beantragte Vorhaben des Instituts für Pflanzenökologie der JLU-Gießen; Prof.Dr. H.-J. Jäger) untersucht werden. Dabei sollen molekularbiologische und z.T. klassisch kulturelle Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen. Untersuchungen zur Zusammensetzung der mikrobiellen Lebensgemeinschaften sollen mittels der in situ-Hybridisierung mit unterschiedlich spezifischen 16S bzw. 23S rRNA gerichtete Oligonukleotidsonden erfolgen (Gesamtzellzahlenbestimmug mittels DAPI Färbung). Dabei sollen mit Bezug auf das o.g. Parallelprojekt die Nitrifikanten und methanogenen Organismen quantifiziert und hinsichtlich ihrer Zusammensetzung beschrieben werden (Spurengasmessungen erfolgen parallel durch die AG Jäger). Eine Quantifizierung (und nachgehende weitgehende Qualifizierung) der Nitrifikanten, der methano- und der methylotrophen Organismen soll mittels des Most Probable Number (MPN) Verfahrens erfolgen. Zusätzlich soll die Bestimmung des Gehaltes an mikrobiellem C und N nach Fumigationextraktion erfolgen, um Zusammenhänge zwischen der direkt ermittelten Zellzahl und dem Gehalt an Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff in der mikrobiellen Biomasse zu erfassen.

Optimierung von Waermeerzeugungsanlagen

Im Rahmen des Projektes wurde die Struktur der Waermegestehungskosten, des Primaerenergiebedarfs und der Treibhausgasemissionen, bewertet im CO2-Massstab fuer Waermeerzeugungsanlagen, wie sie fuer Contractingloesungen typisch sind untersucht und Optimierungsmoeglichkeiten dargestellt.

Langlebige Treibhausgase in der extratropischen Tropopausenregion

Die Mischungsverhältnisse der wichtigsten langlebigen Treibhausgase in der Atmosphäre steigen durch die anhaltenden anthropogenen Emissionen weiter an. Die langlebigen Treibhausgase, die am meisten zum menschengemachten Klimawandel beitragen, sind Kohlendioxid (CO2), Methan (CH4) und Lachgas (N2O). Neben ihrem Beitrag zum Klimawandel weisen die Verteilungen dieser Gase starke Gradienten über die Tropopause auf und sind daher gute Indikatoren atmosphärischer Transportpozesse. mit einer Lebensdauer von ca. 850 Jahren und kontinuierlich steigenden Mischungsverhältnissen ist auch Schwefelhexafluorid (SF6), ein synthetisches Gas mit starkem Erwärmungspotential, wird häufig als Indikator des sogenannten Alters von Luftmassen verwendet, das ein Maß für die Stärke der stratosphärischen Transports ist.Das Vorhaben basiert auf der Harmonisierung und wissenschaftlichen Auswertung bereits existierender Messdaten dieser vier wichtigsten Treibhausgase und weiterer langlebiger halogenierte Spurenstoffe der Messplattform IAGOS_CARIBIC aus der Tropopausenregion. Der Datensatz deckt den Zeitraum 2005-2020 and und wird ergänzt durch Daten existierende Messungen im Rahmen verschiedener Messkamapgnen des deutschen Forschungsflugzeugs HALO.Die Datenauswertung wird sich konzentrieren auf: Trends der Mischungsverhältnisse langlebiger Treibhausgase in der oberen Troposphäre, insbesondere ihren Zeitversatz zu Messungen an Bodenmessstationen, die Variabilität langlebiger Treibhausgase in der Tropopausenregion und die Identifizierung und Quellenzuordnung auffällig hoher Spurengasmischungsverhältnisse in der oberen Tropopause. Das Ziel ist ein bessseres Verständnis atmosphärischer Transportprozesse, vor allem in die und in der Tropopausenregion.Außerdem soll im Rahmen des Vorhabens ein bestehender Messaufbau für Messungen halogenierte Spurengase an Luftproben mittels Gaschromatographie (GC) gekoppelt mit Massenspektrometrie um eine kleine GC-Einheit zur Messung von SF6 bei minimalen Probenverbrauch erweitert werden. Dafür beinhaltet das Vorhaben Untersuchungen zur Eignung nicht-radioaktiver Nachweismethoden für SF6. Detektoren, die auf geplusten Entladungen basieren, sind grundsätzlich für Messungen von SF6 geeignet, wurden aber noch nicht für Messungen in der Atmosphäre verwendet. Ein solcher Detektor soll für den Aufbau der neuen GC-Einheit getestet werden. Als Alternative ist ein Elektroneinfangdetektor, die etablierte Messtechnik basierend auf dem radioaktiven Zerfall eines Nickelisotops, vorgesehen.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Surface Nitrogendioxide (NO2), Level 4 – Regional (Germany and neighboring countries)

The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AOD describes the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power by the absence of aerosols. Attenuation can be caused by absorption and/or scattering. AOD is the primary parameter to evaluate the impact of aerosols on weather and climate. Daily AOD observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud Optical Thickness (COT), Level 3 – Global

This product displays the Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) around the globe. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud optical thickness is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud Fraction (CF), Level 3 – Global

Global Cloud Fraction (CF). Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The radiometric cloud fraction is retrieved from the UV using the OCRA algorithm. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

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