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METOP GOME-2 - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 SO2 total column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. Volcanoes are the largest soures of SO2 in the atmosphere, depending on the erruption the Sulfurous compounds can be injected into stratosphere but in most cases it stays within the troposphere. Another important source is the coal combustion. Desulfurisation facilities within the power stations have reduced the sulfur emissions around the globe. In the stratosphere sulfur is a key component for building up aerosols, which reflect parts of the solar irradiation. The total SO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the ultraviolet wavelength region [using the DOAS method]. Depending on the plume SO2 can be a very strong absorber, because of that the ODAS retrieval might have some smaller issues, they can be reduced by choosing different wavelenght ranges depending on the signal. We apply three different fitting windows between 310 and 360nm. For the AMF, we assume a plumeheight of 6 km altitude. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Ozone (O3) - Global

Gridded Level 3 ozone column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the stratosphere – where the majority of the total O3 amount is located - O3 plays an vital role for the UV protection. In the troposphere O3 is generated by chemical processes caused by natural and anthropogenic emission of NO2 and volatile organic components (VOCs) (e.g. HCHO). Direct exposure to O3 is harmfull for humans and our environment. The total O3 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the uv wavelength region 325-335nm [using the DOAS method]. To determine the AMF an iterative process is applied, the assumed profile depends on the latitude, month, but also on the total column. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud-Top Height (CTH), Level 3 – Global

Global Cloud-Top Height (CTH) as derived from the Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI instrument. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud-top height is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Single-Scattering Albedo (ASSA), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol single-scattering albedo (ASSA) as derived from TROPOMI observations. ASSA is a measure of how much light is scattered by aerosols compared to how much is absorbed. It is important for understanding the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative forcing. ASSA is unitless; a value of unity implies that extinction is completely due to scattering; conversely, a single-scattering albedo of zero implies that extinction is completely due to absorption. Daily ASSA observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

METOP GOME-2 - Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 tropospheric NO2 column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the troposphere NO2 is a short-lived atmospheric constituent caused by combustion processes, e.g. fossil fuel consumption or biomass buring or by lightning. NO2 plays an important role in the formation of ozone. The total NO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the visible wavelength region around 440nm [using the DOAS method]. To derive tropospheric NO2 columns, the estimated stratospheric component is substracted from the total column. In addition, an air mass factor based on monthly climatological NO2 profiles is considered. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Formaldehyde (HCHO) - Global

Gridded Level 3 formaldehyde (HCHO) column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the troposphere HCHO is a short-lived atmospheric constituent caused by incomplete combustion processes, e.g. fossil fuel consumption or biomass buring or it is build by atmospheric chemical species from other volatile organic component (VOCs). It plays an important role in the build up of tropospheric ozone. The total HCHO column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the UV wavelength region 328.5nm to 346nm [using the DOAS method]. In addition, an air mass factor based on monthly climatological HCHO profiles is considered. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) - Global

Gridded Level 3 cloud optical thickness derived from Metop/GOME observations. Cloud physical properties (cloud fraction, cloud top height, cloud optical thickness) are derived from GOME/GOME-2 observations using the OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks). For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/ The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

PGS: POLSTRACC / GWLCYCLE and SALSA: Teilnahme der universitären Partner an einer koordinierten Arktis Mission mit HALO

Ziel diesen Antrags ist die Teilnahme der universitären Partner an den Messungen der Kampagne PGS (POLSTRACC/ GWLCYCLE/ SALSA), die im Winter 2015/2016 durchgeführt werden sollen. An der geplanten HALO Kampagne sind die Universitäten Frankfurt, Mainz, Heidelberg und Wuppertal beteiligt. Die Universität Mainz ist kein voller Partner dieses Antrages, da es kein Projekt der Universität Mainz (AG Prof. Peter Hoor) in der letzten Phase des Schwerpunktprogramms gab. Der finanzielle Teil der geplanten Aktivitäten der Universität Mainz soll daher über die Universität Frankfurt abgewickelt werden. Der wissenschaftliche Beitrag der Universität Mainz ist allerdings in einer ähnlichen Weise dargestellt wie für die anderen universitären Partner. Das Ziel von PGS ist es, Beobachtungen einer großen Zahl verschieden langlebiger Tracer zur Verfügung zu stellen, um chemische und dynamische Fragestellungen in der UTLS zu untersuchen (POLSTRACC und SALSA) und die Bildung und Propagation von Schwerwellen in der Atmosphäre zu untersuchen. (GWLCYCLE). Die Universitäten Frankfurt und Wuppertal schlagen vor hierfür GC Messungen von verschieden langlebigen Spurengasen und von CO2 (Wuppertal) durchzuführen. Die Universität Mainz schlägt den Betrieb eines Laser Spektrometers für schnelle Messungen von N2O, CH4 und CO vor und die Universität Heidelberg plant Messungen reaktiver Chlor und Bromverbindungen mit Hilfe der DOAS Technik. Die wissenschaftlichen Studien, die mit den gewonnen Daten durchgeführt werden sollen, werden im Antrag umrissen. Es sind Studien zu Herkunft und Transport von Luftmassen in der UTLS, zu Transportzeitskalen und zum chemischen Partitionierung. Es sei an dieser Stelle darauf hingewiesen, dass diese wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten zwar hier umrissen werden, die Studien selbst aber aufgrund der begrenzten Personalförderung und der kurzen Laufzeit nicht Teil dieses Antrags sind. Ziel dieses Antrags ist es, die Vorbereitung und Integration der Messgeräte zu ermöglichen, die Messungen durchzuführen und die Daten für die Datenbank auszuwerten. Wir beantragen daher hier den universitären Anteil an den Missionskosten (incl. Zertifizierung der Gesamtnutzlast und der Flugkosten), die Personalmittel, Reisekosten und Verbrauchskosten für die Durchführung der Messungen.

Modulare miniaturisierte photoakustische Gassensorik zur dezentralen Prozessüberwachung, Teilvorhaben: Simulation und Komponententests

Auswirkungen eines erhöhten CO2-Partialdruck auf die Struktur und Funktion mikrobieller Lebensgemeinschaften des Bodens, der Rhizosphäre und Rhizoplane im Langzeitversuch

Zusammensetzung und zeitliche Veränderungen der mikrobiellen Lebensgemeinschaften von Rhizoplane, Rhizosphäre und des Bodenkörpers eines extensiv genutzten Grünlandes sollen unter derzeitigem und erhöhtem atmosphärischen CO2-Partialdruck im Langzeitversuch (unter Einbindung und Verzahnung in das beantragte Vorhaben des Instituts für Pflanzenökologie der JLU-Gießen; Prof.Dr. H.-J. Jäger) untersucht werden. Dabei sollen molekularbiologische und z.T. klassisch kulturelle Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen. Untersuchungen zur Zusammensetzung der mikrobiellen Lebensgemeinschaften sollen mittels der in situ-Hybridisierung mit unterschiedlich spezifischen 16S bzw. 23S rRNA gerichtete Oligonukleotidsonden erfolgen (Gesamtzellzahlenbestimmug mittels DAPI Färbung). Dabei sollen mit Bezug auf das o.g. Parallelprojekt die Nitrifikanten und methanogenen Organismen quantifiziert und hinsichtlich ihrer Zusammensetzung beschrieben werden (Spurengasmessungen erfolgen parallel durch die AG Jäger). Eine Quantifizierung (und nachgehende weitgehende Qualifizierung) der Nitrifikanten, der methano- und der methylotrophen Organismen soll mittels des Most Probable Number (MPN) Verfahrens erfolgen. Zusätzlich soll die Bestimmung des Gehaltes an mikrobiellem C und N nach Fumigationextraktion erfolgen, um Zusammenhänge zwischen der direkt ermittelten Zellzahl und dem Gehalt an Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff in der mikrobiellen Biomasse zu erfassen.

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