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METOP GOME-2 - Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 tropospheric NO2 column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the troposphere NO2 is a short-lived atmospheric constituent caused by combustion processes, e.g. fossil fuel consumption or biomass buring or by lightning. NO2 plays an important role in the formation of ozone. The total NO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the visible wavelength region around 440nm [using the DOAS method]. To derive tropospheric NO2 columns, the estimated stratospheric component is substracted from the total column. In addition, an air mass factor based on monthly climatological NO2 profiles is considered. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Single-Scattering Albedo (ASSA), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol single-scattering albedo (ASSA) as derived from TROPOMI observations. ASSA is a measure of how much light is scattered by aerosols compared to how much is absorbed. It is important for understanding the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative forcing. ASSA is unitless; a value of unity implies that extinction is completely due to scattering; conversely, a single-scattering albedo of zero implies that extinction is completely due to absorption. Daily ASSA observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

METOP GOME-2 - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 SO2 total column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. Volcanoes are the largest soures of SO2 in the atmosphere, depending on the erruption the Sulfurous compounds can be injected into stratosphere but in most cases it stays within the troposphere. Another important source is the coal combustion. Desulfurisation facilities within the power stations have reduced the sulfur emissions around the globe. In the stratosphere sulfur is a key component for building up aerosols, which reflect parts of the solar irradiation. The total SO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the ultraviolet wavelength region [using the DOAS method]. Depending on the plume SO2 can be a very strong absorber, because of that the ODAS retrieval might have some smaller issues, they can be reduced by choosing different wavelenght ranges depending on the signal. We apply three different fitting windows between 310 and 360nm. For the AMF, we assume a plumeheight of 6 km altitude. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) - Global

Gridded Level 3 NO2 total (NO2 tropospheric) column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the troposphere NO2 is a short-lived atmospheric constituent caused by combustion processes, e.g. fossil fuel consumption or biomass buring or by lightning. In the troposphere as well as in the stratosphere NO2 plays an important role in the ozone chemistry. The total NO2 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the visible wavelength region around 440nm [using the DOAS method]. To derive tropospheric NO2 columns, the estimated stratospheric component is substracted from the total column. In addition, an air mass factor based on monthly climatological NO2 profiles is considered. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Formaldehyde (HCHO) - Global

Gridded Level 3 formaldehyde (HCHO) column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the troposphere HCHO is a short-lived atmospheric constituent caused by incomplete combustion processes, e.g. fossil fuel consumption or biomass buring or it is build by atmospheric chemical species from other volatile organic component (VOCs). It plays an important role in the build up of tropospheric ozone. The total HCHO column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the UV wavelength region 328.5nm to 346nm [using the DOAS method]. In addition, an air mass factor based on monthly climatological HCHO profiles is considered. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

METOP GOME-2 - Ozone (O3) - Global

Gridded Level 3 ozone column densities derived from the Metop/GOME-2-instruments. In the stratosphere – where the majority of the total O3 amount is located - O3 plays an vital role for the UV protection. In the troposphere O3 is generated by chemical processes caused by natural and anthropogenic emission of NO2 and volatile organic components (VOCs) (e.g. HCHO). Direct exposure to O3 is harmfull for humans and our environment. The total O3 column is retrieved from GOME solar back-scattered measurements in the uv wavelength region 325-335nm [using the DOAS method]. To determine the AMF an iterative process is applied, the assumed profile depends on the latitude, month, but also on the total column. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Three instruments operate on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in 2006, 2012, and 2018, respectively. GOME-2 measures a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distribution. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Composition Monitoring (AC-SAF).

Emission von Spurengasen bei Biomasseverbrennung

Offene Verbrennung von Pflanzenmaterial verschiedener Herkunft. Dabei Messung von Temperatur, Flussrate, Gewichtsverlust und Spurengaskonzentrationen im Abgas. Gemessene Spurengase: CO, CO2, CH4, C2-C10-Kohlenwasserstoffe, NO, N2O, NH3, HCN, CH3CN, SO2, H2S, CS2, COS.

Bruchfreie Modellierung atmosphärischer Zusammensetzung mit ICON-ART

Produktion und Konsumption (Flüsse) der klimarelevanten Spurengase, Lachgas und Methan in einem Dauergrünland unter steigender atmosphärischer CO2-Konzentration

Außer dem bekannten Treibhausgas Kohlendioxid (CO2) existieren weitere stark klimawirksame Spurengase biologischen Ursprungs, z.B. Lachgas (N2O) und Methan (CH4), die mikrobiell im Boden produziert (N2O, CH4) oder im Falle des Methans auch verbraucht (oxidiert) werden. Die steigende atmosphärische CO2-Konzentration kann sich über die Pflanzen in vielfacher Weise auf die bodenmikrobiellen, Spurengasproduzierenden Prozesse auswirken. So ist beispielsweise nachgewiesen worden, dass der Wasserverbrauch der Pflanzen unter erhöhtem CO2 häufig sinkt und die Abgabe von leicht zersetzbarem Kohlenstoff an den Boden (Wurzelexudation) steigt. Beides könnte die Denitrifikation und damit die N2O-Produktion begünstigen, ebenso die Methanproduktion, wenn im Boden anaerobe Bedingungen (z.B. durch Überflutung) eintreten. Steigende Bodenfeuchte würde zugleich die Sauerstoff-abhängige Methanoxidation im Oberboden hemmen. Zu diesem Thema existieren bislang weltweit nur Kurzzeit- und Laborstudien. Im hier vorgestellten Projekt werden im Freilandexperiment die Langzeitauswirkungen steigender atmosphärischer CO2-Konzentrationen über das System Pflanze-Boden auf die Flüsse der klimawirksamen Spurengase N2O und CH4 in einem artenreichen Dauergrünland untersucht. Hierzu gelangt ein im Institut für Pflanzenökologie neuentwickeltes Freiland-CO2-Anreicherungssystem (FACE) zur Anwendung, bei dem die CO2-Konzentration in drei Anreicherungsringen seit Mai 1998 um etwa 20 Prozent gegenüber den drei Kontrollringen erhöht wurde. Über die Jahresbilanzierungen der Spurengasflüsse sowie über begleitende Prozessstudien soll geklärt werden, wie und auf welche Weise erhöhtes CO2 auf die N2O- und CH4-Spurengasflüsse rückwirkt. Die ersten Ergebnisse zeigen deutlich, dass in einem etablierten artenreichen Ökosystem wie dem untersuchten Feuchtgrünland zuerst die unterirdischen Prozesse auf die steigenden CO2-Konzentrationen reagierten (Bestandesatmung). Die oberirdische Biomasse zeigte erst nach etwa 1,5 Jahren der CO2-Anreicherung einen signifikanten Zuwachs gegenüber den Kontrollflächen. Im Jahr 1997, vor dem Beginn der CO2 -Anreicherung, waren sowohl die N2O-Emissionen als auch die CH4 Flüsse auf den (späteren) Anreicherungs- und den Kontrollflächen fast identisch. Seit Beginn der Anreicherung hingegen sind die N2O-Emissionen vor allem während der Vegetationsperiode dramatisch angestiegen: auf 278 Prozent der Emissionen der Kontrollflächen. Die Methanoxidation war rückläufig unter erhöhtem CO2: Mittlerweile oxidieren die CO2 Anreicherungsflächen 20 Prozent weniger CH4 als die Kontrollflächen (Jahr 2000), wobei auch hier der größte Unterschied während der Vegetationsperiode auftrat. Eine erhöhte Bodenfeuchte kommt als Erklärung nicht in Frage, da sich diese nicht geändert hat.

Optische Bestimmung von streckenintegrierten Aerosolparametern in der urbanen Atmosphäre

Ziel ist eine Geräteentwicklung für die unbeeinflusste Bestimmung von streckenintegrierten Aerosolparametern in einer anthropogen belasteten Atmosphäre. Das optische Messgerät wird in der Leipziger Stadtluft in 20 bis 40 m Höhe mit mehreren Lichtstrecken von einigen 100 m bis zu einigen Kilometern Länge gleichzeitig Messungen von Partikelextinktionsspektren bei Umgebungsfeuchte und für die Auswertung notwendige Spurengase durchführen. Aus den Extinktionsmessungen werden die Partikelgrößenverteilung und integrale Partikeleigenschaften im ungestörten Zustand mit Inversionsrechnungen berechnet.

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