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Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ozone (O3), Level 3 – Global

Ozone vertical column density in Dobson Units as derived from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI observations. The stratospheric ozone layer protects the biosphere from harmful solar ultraviolet radiation. Ozone in troposphere can pose risks to the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud-Top Height (CTH), Level 3 – Global

Global Cloud-Top Height (CTH) as derived from the Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI instrument. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud-top height is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Water Vapour (H2O), Level 3 – Global

Water Vapour (H2O) concentration (globally) as derived from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI observations. H2O is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. In addition it is one of the most powerful drivers for weather phenomena in the troposphere. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Water Vapour (H2O), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

METOP GOME-2 - Ozone (O3) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. The operational ozone total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV / VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. The new improved DOAS-style (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) algorithm called GDOAS, was selected as the basis for GDP version 4.0 in the framework of an ESA ITT. GDP 4.x performs a DOAS fit for ozone slant column and effective temperature followed by an iterative AMF / VCD computation using a single wavelength. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

Collection of data sources for the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign, North-West of Svalbard between 23 May - 26 June 2017

This data set unites the individual data of the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign, which was carried out north-west of Svalbard (Norway) between 23 May and 6 June 2017. The objective of ACLOUD was to study Arctic boundary layer and mid-level clouds and their role in Arctic amplification. Two research aircraft (Polar 5 and 6) jointly performed 22 research flights over the transition zone between open ocean and closed sea ice. Both aircraft were equipped with identical instrumentation for measurements of basic meteorological parameters, as well as for turbulent and radiative energy fluxes. In addition, on Polar 5 active and passive remote sensing instruments were installed, while Polar 6 operated in situ instruments to characterize cloud and aerosol particles as well as trace gases.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ultraviolet Index (UVI), Level 3 – Global

UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

METOP GOME-2 - Cloud Fraction (CF) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks) are used for retrieving the following geophysical cloud properties from GOME and GOME-2 data: cloud fraction (cloud cover), cloud-top pressure (cloud-top height), and cloud optical thickness (cloud-top albedo). OCRA is an optical sensor cloud detection algorithm that uses the PMD devices on GOME / GOME-2 to deliver cloud fractions for GOME / GOME-2 scenes. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

Emission von Spurengasen bei Biomasseverbrennung

Offene Verbrennung von Pflanzenmaterial verschiedener Herkunft. Dabei Messung von Temperatur, Flussrate, Gewichtsverlust und Spurengaskonzentrationen im Abgas. Gemessene Spurengase: CO, CO2, CH4, C2-C10-Kohlenwasserstoffe, NO, N2O, NH3, HCN, CH3CN, SO2, H2S, CS2, COS.

Quantifizierung des Einflusses der stratosphärischen Zirkulation auf die Abschätzung troposphärischer Emissionen

Neue Studien zeigen, dass die Emissionen eines der wichtigsten Fluochlorkohlenwasserstoffe (FCKWs), des CFC--11, seit 2012 wieder ansteigen, was eine ernste Bedrohung für die Ozonschicht bedeutet. Allerdings sind die Abschätzungen der FCKW Emissionen mit großen Unsicherheiten behaftet. Die größte Unsicherheit stammt von Änderungen der stratosphärischen Zirkulation und deren Darstellung in derzeitigen atmosphärischen Modellen und Reanalysen. Die Methodiken, um diese Zirkulationsänderungen in Modellen besser einzuschränken, sind unzureichend.Ziel des Projekts ist es den Einfluß von Jahr-zu-Jahr Variabilität und dekadischen Änderungen im stratosphärischen Transport auf troposphärische Änderungen langlebiger Spurenstoffe, mit Fokus auf FCKWs, besser zu verstehen. Dazu werden neue Methodiken entwickelt und verbessert, um das stratosphärische Altersspektrum abzuleiten, die Verteilung der Transportzeit durch die Stratosphäre. In einem ersten Schritt wird die Methoden-Evaluierung im Modell durchgeführt. Drei verschiedene Methodiken zur Berechnung des Altersspektrums aus Mischungsverhältnissen chemischer Spezies werden verglichen. Diese Methodiken basieren auf (i) einer inversen Gauss-Funktions Parametrisierung, (ii) einer verbesserten Parametrisierung, und (iii) einer direkten Inversions-Methode. Für einen "proof of concept" werden die Resultate aller drei Methoden mit Altersspektren aus dem Lagrangeschen Atmosphären-Modell CLaMS verglichen, die im Modell exakt mit einer Pultracer-Methode berechnet werden. Im zweiten Schritt werden die Methodiken angewendet auf hochaufgelöste in-situ Spurengas-Messdaten aus Luftproben von Flugzeug-Messungen und von neuesten AirCore Messungen. Die Kombination von neuartigen Simulations- und Berechnungs-Methoden mit neuesten Messdaten zur Bestimmung des stratosphärischen Altersspektrums wird zu bisher nicht dagewesenen Einschränkungen des stratosphärischen Transports in Modellen führen. Durch Vergleich der Modell-Altersspektren aus Simulationen die mit verschiedenen meteorologischen Reanalysen angetrieben wurden, einschließlich der neuesten ERA5 Reanalyse und älterer Produkte (ERA-Interim, MERRA-2, JRA-55), soll die Robustheit der Modell-Darstellung stratosphärischer Transportänderungen abgeschätzt werden. Schließlich werden die Variabilitäten im stratosphärischen Transport untersucht und quantifiziert, sowie die Effekte dieser Variabilität auf die Spurengaszusammensetzung der unteren Stratosphäre und auf troposphärische Trends. Die aus dem Projekt resultierenden verbesserten Methodiken zur Abschätzung troposphärischer Spurenstoff-Budgets sollen der wissenschaftlichen Community zugänglich gemacht werden, und werden einen wichtigen Schritt darstellen hin zu einer verbesserten Berechnung von Emissionen langlebiger ozonzerstörender Substanzen und Treibhausgase.

Modulare miniaturisierte photoakustische Gassensorik zur dezentralen Prozessüberwachung, Teilvorhaben: Simulation und Komponententests

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