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CO2 degassing from karstic springs in Southern Germany

This study examines characteristics of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and partial pressures of CO2 characteristics (pCO2) in the source springs and headwaters of four karstic watersheds, via dissolved inorganic carbon concentration and stable carbon isotope measurements. All four spring sources are located in Southern Germany and were measured for water chemistry and stable isotopes with nearby headwater stream points, which were located up to 100 m downstream of the discharge points. Seasonal sampling covered winter, spring, summer, and autumn in 2018.

Stabile Isotopenanalyse der Nahrung von Elateridenlarven

Die Nahrungswahl von Drahtwürmern (Coleoptera: Elateridae) im Agrarland und ihre Beeinflussung durch Umweltfaktoren analysiert mittels Stabiler Isotope. Als Drahtwürmer werden die Larven der Schnellkäfer (Coleoptera: Elateridae) bezeichnet, welche häufig in Agrarböden anzutreffen sind. Die meisten Drahtwurmarten sind polyphag und fressen neben Wurzeln auch abgestorbenes Pflanzenmaterial. Bestimmte Arten treten jedoch weltweit als bedeutende Schädlinge an verschiedensten Kulturpflanzen auf. Es wird angenommen, dass bestimmte Bodenparameter (z.B. Humusgehalt, Feuchte) und die Fruchtfolge die Nahrungswahl der Drahtwürmer entscheidend beeinflussen. Im Freiland konnten diese Beziehungen bis heute jedoch nicht nachgewiesen werden. Ein besseres Verständnis der Wechselwirkung zwischen diesen Faktoren und der Nahrungswahl der Drahtwürmer würde aber die Einschätzung der tatsächlichen Rolle bestimmter Drahtwurmarten erheblich erleichtern und eine Basis für die Vorhersage und Kontrolle von Drahtwurmschäden darstellen. Im vorliegenden Projekt wird erstmals die Stabile-Isotopen-Methode angewandt, um die Nahrungswahl von Elateridenlarven zu untersuchen. Dabei geben die unter Freilandbedingungen gewonnenen Isotopendaten der Drahtwürmer darüber Auskunft, von welchen Nahrungssubstraten sich diese Tiere ernähren. Zusätzliche Laborexperimente ergänzen die Befunde aus dem Freiland und helfen bei ihrer Interpretation. Um allgemeine Aussagen über die Nahrungswahl von Drahtwürmern in Mitteleuropa zu erhalten, werden verschiedenste Standorte in Österreich und Deutschland beprobt. Weiters wird das Nahrungswahlverhalten mit bestimmten Bodenparametern in Beziehung gesetzt, um zu analysieren, wie diese Parameter die Nahrungswahl der Drahtwürmer und ihr Schadpotential beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse dieses Projektes stellen damit eine Basis für alle weiteren Schritte zur Entwicklung von Regulationsmaßnahmen bei Drahtwürmern dar.

Early Miocene intensification of the North African hydrological cycle: multi-proxy evidence from the shelf carbonates of Malta - Geochemical data

A total of 140 samples were collected from the il-Blata section outcropping on the Mediterranean Island of Malta (base of section at 35.9004˚N, 14.3309˚E, top of section at 35.9000˚N, 14.3314˚E). 16 of these samples were selected to determine the 87Sr/86Sr in the bulk sediment and used to generate numerical ages using the LOWESS FIT for Sr-Stratigraphy (McArthur et al., 2012). All 87Sr/86Sr measurements conducted at the University of Geneva using a Thermo Neptune PLUS Multi-Collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Data and numerical age model presented in table S1. The εNd data from (Bialik et al., 2019) were recalibrated to fit the new age model and presented in table S2. The percentage carbonate matter was measured using a FOGl digital calcimeter at the University of Malta (table S3). Dry powders were used to generate a stable isotope (δ18O & δ13C) record (table S4), all measurements were conducted on a Gasbench II coupled to a Thermo Delta V Advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University. Dry bulk sediment powders were also used to obtain major element composition and calculate element ratios Sr/Ca, Ti/Al, K/Al, Zr/Al, Si/Ti. All element measurements were conducted at The School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University using a hand-held Olympus Delta Innov-X XRF gun. Element data presented in table S5. Mean values of the ratios Sr/Ca, Ti/Al, K/Al, Zr/Al and Si/Ti were obtained for three different parts in the section in order to determine regime changes (table S6).

Information and meterological data of collection sites of land snails from Europe

The first table provide data on the meteorological conditions of the sites where land snails were collected, and the calculated stable oxygen isotope compositions of local rainwater.

Stable carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope data of land snails from natural populations across Europe

These data include carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope compositions of shells of natural populations of three land snail species (Clausilia pumila, Succinella oblonga and Trochulus hispidus) across Europe. δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O and Δ₄₇ values of snail shells from field-collections were determined in two laboratories (Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, and Geological Institute, ETH Zürich) using IRMS. Detailed analysis and interpretations of the results obtained can be read in the original publication.

Meterological and stable carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope data of land snails from Europe

These data include site information and collection dates of land snails (Clausilia pumila, Succinella oblonga, Trochulus hispidus), meteorological data of collection sites using the ClimateEU software, as well as carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope compositions of snail shells of the mentioned three species from culturing experiments and natural populations across Europe. During the laboratory experiments at the University of Lodz (Poland) individuals of the three species were kept at 12, 18 and 24 °C temperatures in climate chambers, fed exclusively by fresh lettuce and humidity was controlled using tap water (δ¹⁸O: -9.29 ±0.52 ‰, V-SMOW). δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O and Δ₄₇ values of snail shells from lab experiments and field-collections were determined in two laboratories (Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, and Geological Institute, ETH Zürich) using IRMS. Detailed analysis and interpretations of the results obtained can be read in the original publication.

Spatial characterization of the composition of the isotope hydrobiogeochemistry along the Warnow River

A spatial study of the isotopic hydrobiogeochemical composition along the the Warnow River, which drains into the southern Baltic Sea, was carried out. The sampling took place on 29-30 April 2019 from the source up to the estuary. In addition to in situ physico-chemical parameters, surface water was sampled using a telescopic rod and a plastic beaker and preserved for further analysis. Major and trace elements and selected nutrients were measured using an ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific). Ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3) concentrations were measured using a QuAAtro autoanalyzer system. Chloride (Cl) concentrations were measured by electrical potential difference precipitation with 0.05 M AgNO3. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and δ13CDIC were measured using an isotope gas mass spectrometer (MAT 253) coupled to a Gasbench II. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and δ13CDOC using an Elementar iso TOC cube with Thermo Electron MAT 253 mass spectrometry, δ18OH2O, and δ2HH2O using a CRDS system (laser cavity-ring-down-spectroscopy, Picarro L2140- I). δ34S and δ18O of SO4 using a gas-isotope mass spectrometer MAT253 (Thermo-Finnigan) with EA-Isolink (Thermo-Fisher-Scientific).

forest_soil_fauna_densities_grouplevel_2008

<p>Original data comes from a project which takes or took place as part of the DFG priority program "Exploratories for large-scale and long-term functional biodiversity research". The data is stored together with descriptive metadata, in combination called a dataset, in the project repository (https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de). Species information was extracted from that original dataset. The second paragraph is part of the metadata of the original dataset.</p> <p>Changes in soil food web structure of the decomposer system with land use intensity in forest systems</p>

Geochemistry of pore water and sediments from Wismar Bay (Germany), southern Baltic Sea

Short sediment cores were taken at six stations in Wismar Bay, southern Baltic Sea (Germany) in May 2019 using a Rumohr-Lot device. Our aim in this study was to investigate the role of diagenetic element fluxes and different fresh water sources, including submarine groundwater discharge, on the water column in the bay. Porewaters were extracted from the sediment cores by applying the rhizon technique at a resolution between 2 and 5 cm. The porewaters were analyzed for major and trace metals and selected nutrients using a ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific), total sulphide by a Specord 40 spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13CDIC using an isotope gas mass spectrometre (MAT 253) coupled to a Gasbench II, and δ18OH2O, and δ2HH2O using a CRDS system (laser cavity-ring-down-spectroscopy, Picarro L2140- I). Sediment cores were further sliced at 2 to 4 cm resolution and each freeze-dried solid subsample was analyzed for contents of total carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur using an Elemental Analyzer (Euro Vector EuroEA 3, 052), inorganic carbon using an Elemental Analyzer multi EA (Analytik Jena), total mercury by a DMA-80 analyzer, and HCl-extractable Pb, Mn and Fe using an ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific).

Compilation of stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios of marine biota from the central and Northeast Atlantic, and the Mediterranean Sea

Bulk stable isotope ratios, primarily of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), are increasingly used to examine predator-prey interactions and food web structure. We compiled δ13C and δ15N values of marine taxa from 56 published sources to support investigations on trophic interactions in mesopelagic food webs and assess the importance of mesopelagic organisms in the marine ecosystem. A total of 2095 records were collected, representing 8716 individual organisms from 349 unique species or genera sampled across the central and Northeast Atlantic, and the Mediterranean Sea, between 1905 and 2020. Records include 185 benthic and pelagic fish, 47 cephalopods, 31 marine mammals, 30 crustaceans, 26 elasmobranchs, 16 seabirds, 4 marine turtles, 4 jelly fish, 3 copepods, 2 salps, in addition to data from several organisms only identified to higher taxonomic ranks (family or above). The dataset includes isotopic ratios measured in the tissues or in the whole body of individual organisms, or mean values (and standard deviations) from pooled samples. Because lipids have more negative δ13C values relative to other major biochemical compounds in plant and animal tissues (DeNiro & Epstein, 1977), many studies correct for the lipid effect by extracting lipids from samples before analysis, or a posteriori, through mathematical corrections (Post, 2002). Therefore, δ13C values were reported as uncorrected, lipid-extracted, or mathematically-corrected. When available, the total organic carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) was included. For each data record, we also provided the sampling location, geographic coordinates, month and year of sample collection, method of sample collection, taxonomic ranks (phylum, class, order, family), number and size (or size range) of sampled organisms, as well as the reference and DOI of the original data source, for further details on the samples analysed and/or the analytical techniques used.

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