PhytOakmeter (www.phytoakmeter.de) is a field platform using the Quercus robur oak clone DF159 outplanted since 2010. This platform is used to monitor the impact of climate change and land use management on the "soil - plant - interactor" complex. Sites from PhytOakmeter are located either in forest or grassland habitats and represent a wide range of environmental contexts with specific stressors. All sites are equipped with loggers measuring air and soil temperature and soil moisture. Soil cores have been collected to analyze their chemical and physical characteristic. The DKr plot in Kreinitz (Germany) started in 2010 with 12 oak trees outplanted yearly between 2010 and 2019 over two 11m x 15m grassland plots. Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured between 2016 and 2025, and soil chemistry was assessed yearly in the root-affected zone of trees aged between one and five years. Soil porosity and texture were evaluated in 2020. The bundled publication is supplemented by recorded precipitation and weather data from an automatic weather station located on site.
In diesem Vorhaben werden Anbauverfahren bereits etablierter Niedermoor-Paludikulturen in Bayern und Niedersachsen untersucht und optimiert sowie nachhaltige Produkte (weiter-) entwickelt. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist es, die langfristige Ertrags- und Qualitätsentwicklung von Typha, Phragmites, Phalaris und Carex auf den Bestandsflächen zu ermitteln und den Einfluss der Nährstoffversorgung und weiterer relevanter Faktoren zu quantifizieren. Die Auswirkungen von Nährstoffverfügbarkeit und einer möglichen Düngung auf die Biomassequantität und -qualität, den Stoffhaushalt (THG-Austausch und Nährstoffdynamik) und die Biodiversität werden untersucht. Die Anbauverfahren werden hinsichtlich ihrer Wirtschaftlichkeit bewertet. Ein weiteres Alleinstellungsmerkmal ist die Erstellung eines Pflanzenwachstumsmodells für Paludikulturarten. Die Projektpartner stellen die Infrastruktur und die Flächen in Süd- und Norddeutschland zur Verfügung: Großflächige 'Pilot Sites', 'Intensivmessstandorte' und insgesamt 36 'Mesokosmen'. Der Schwerpunkt des Vorhabens liegt auf der Nachhaltigkeit der gesamten Produktionskette vom Anbau bis zur Verwertung. Für stoffliche Verwertungskonzepte (Bioraffination, Biobasierte Werkstoffe) werden praxisnahe Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Das Konsortium wird im Projekt interdisziplinär zusammenarbeiten und gemeinsam mit Stakeholdern das Konzept der Paludikultur weiterentwickeln. Durch eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit Praxispartnern aus der Wirtschaft können kurzfristig praktische Ergebnisse in die Diskussion eingebracht und mittelfristig in die Umsetzung gebracht werden. Das Projekt soll bewerten, wie nachhaltig Niedermoor-Paludikulturen in Hinblick auf Produktivität, Verwertungsschienen und Ökonomie sowie auf Nährstoffdynamik, Biodiversität und Klimarelevanz auf Dauer sind. Die generierten Daten und Ergebnisse leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag im Wissenstransfer z.B. im Bereich Emissionsminderung der Sektoren Landwirtschaft und Landnutzung.
Which salt formations are suitable for storing hydrogen or compressed air? In the InSpEE-DS research project, scientists developed requirements and criteria for the assessment of suitable sites even if their exploration is still at an early stage and there is little knowledge of the salinaries’ structures. Scientists at DEEP.KBB GmbH in Hanover, worked together with their project partners at BGR and the Leibniz University Hanover, Institute for Geotechnics, to develop the planning basis for the site selection and for the construction of storage caverns in flat layered salt and multiple or double saliniferous formations. Such caverns could store renewable energy in the form of hydrogen or compressed air. While the previous project InSpEE was limited to salt formations of great thickness in Northern Germany, salt horizons of different ages have now been examined all over Germany. To estimate the potential, depth contour maps of the top and the base as well as thickness maps of the respective stratigraphic units were developed. Due to the present INSPIRE geological data model, it was necessary, in contrast to the original dataset, to classify the boundary lines of the potential storage areas in the Zechstein base and thickness layers, whereby the classification of these lines was taken from the top Zechstein layer. Consequently, the boundary element Depth criterion 2000 m (Teufe-Kriterium 2000 m) corresponds on each level to the 2000 m depth of Top Zechstein. However, the boundary of national borders and the boundary of the data basis could not be implemented in the data model and are therefore not included in the dataset. Information on compressed air and hydrogen storage potential is given for the identified areas and for the individual federal states. According to the Data Specification on Geology (D2.8.II.4_v3.0) the content of InSpEE-DS (INSPIRE) is stored in 18 INSPIRE-compliant GML files: InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Isopachs_Zechstein.gml contains the Zechstein isopachs. InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Isobaths_Top_Zechstein.gml and InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Isobaths_Basis_Zechstein.gml contain the isobaths of the top and basis of Zechstein. The three files InSpEE_DS_GeologicStructure_ThicknessMap_Zechstein, InSpEE_DS_GeologicStructure_Top_Zechstein and InSpEE_DS_GeologicStructure_Basis_Zechstein represent the faults of the Zechstein body as well as at the top and at the basis of the Zechstein body. InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Boundary_element_Potential_areas_Zechstein.gml contains the boundary elments of the potential areas at the top and the basis of Zechstein as well as of the Zechstein body. The three files InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Uncertainty_areas_ThicknessMap_Zechstein.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Uncertainty_areas_Top_Zechstein.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Uncertainty_areas_Basis_Zechstein.gml represent the uncertainty areas of the Zechstein body as well as at the top and at the basis of the Zechstein body. InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Potentially_usable_storage_areas_Storage_potential_in_the_federal_states.gml comprises the areas with storage potential for renewable energy in the form of hydrogen and compressed air. The six files InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Malm.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Keuper.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Muschelkalk.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Roet.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Zechstein.gml and InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Rotliegend.gml represent the salt distribution of the respective stratigraphic unit. InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_General_salt_distribution.gml represents the general salt distribution in Germany. This geographic information is product of a BMWi-funded research project "InSpEE-DS" running from the year 2015 to 2019. The acronym stands for "Information system salt: planning basis, selection criteria and estimation of the potential for the construction of salt caverns for the storage of renewable energies (hydrogen and compressed air) - double saline and flat salt layers".
<p><p>Megafauna plays an important role in benthic ecosystems and contributes significantly to benthic biomass in the Arctic. The distribution is mostly studied using towed cameras. Here, we compare the megafauna from two sites located at different distances from the Kongsfjord: one station at the entrance to the fjord, another on the outer shelf. Although they are only located 25 km apart and at comparable depth, there were significant differences in their species composition. While the inshore station was characterized by shrimps (2.57 +/- 2.18 ind./m**2) and brittlestars (3.21 +/- 3.21 ind./m**2), the offshore site harboured even higher brittlestar densities (15.23 +/- 9.32 ind./m**2) and high numbers of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus pallidus (1.23 +/- 1.09 ind./m**2). Phytodetrital concentrations of the upper sediment centimetres were significantly higher inshore compared with offshore. At a smaller scale, there were also differences in the composition of different transect sections. Several taxa were characterized by a patchy distribution along transects. We conclude that these differences were caused primarily by habitat characteristics. The seafloor inshore was characterized by glacial soft sediments, whereas the station offshore harboured large quantities of stones. Although the use of a new web-2.0-based tool, BIIGLE (http://www.BIIGLE.de), allowed us to analyse more images (~90) than could have been achieved by hand, taxon area curves indicated that the number of images analysed was not sufficient to capture the species inventory fully. New automated image analysis tools would enable a rapid analysis of larger quantities of camera footage.</p></p>
Background: Ghanas transition forests, neighbouring savannahs and timber plantations in the Ashanti region face a constant degradation due to the increased occurrence of fires. In most cases the fires are deliberately set by rural people for hunting purposes. Main target is a cane rat, here called grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus), whose bushmeat is highly esteemed throughout the country. The animal is a wild herbivorous rodent of subhumid areas in Africa south of the Sahara. The grasscutter meat is an important source of animal protein. Existing high-value timber plantations (mainly Teak, Tectona grandis) are affected by fires for hunting purposes. Thus resulting in growth reduction, loss of biomass or even complete destruction of the forest stands. It became obvious that solutions had to be sought for the reduction of the fire risk. Objectives: Since 2004 the Institute for World Forestry of the Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, Hamburg, Germany is cooperating with a Ghanaian timber plantation company (DuPaul Wood Treatment Ltd.) the German Foundation for Forest Conservation in Africa (Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika) and the Center for International Migration with the purpose to improve the livelihood of the rural population in the surroundings of the forest plantation sites and simultaneously to safeguard and improve the timber plantations. The introduction of grasscutter rearing systems to local farmers accompanied by permanent agricultural and agroforestry practices appeared to be a promising approach for the prevention of fires in the susceptible areas. Additionally a functioning grasscutter breeding system could contribute to the improvement of food security, development of income sources and the alleviation of poverty. The following measures are implemented: - Identification of farmers interested in grasscutter captive breeding, - Implementation of training courses for farmers on grasscutter rearing, - Delivery of breeding animals, - Supervision of rearing conditions by project staff, - Development of a local extension service for monitoring activities, - Evaluation of structures for grasscutter meat marketing. Results: After identification of key persons for animal rearing training courses were successfully passed and animals were delivered subsequently. Further investigations will evaluate the effects of the grasscutter rearing in the project region. This will be assessed through the - Acceptance of grasscutter rearing by farmers, - Success of the animal caging, - Reproduction rate, - Meat quality, - Marketing success of meat, - Reduction of fire in the vicinity of the timber plantations, - Improvement of peoples livelihood.
Les materiaux contenant de l'amiante sont omnipresents dans notre environnement. L'emission de fibres lors de leur degradation peut representer un danger pour la population en general, danger qu'il s'agit d'estimer. Notre contribution a l'etude de ce probleme comporte quatre volets: - Mise au point et codification d'une methode de reference pour la determination des fibres minerales (en particulier d'amiante), basee sur la microscopie electronique a transmission, seule technique reellement applicable a l'etude de l'environnement general. - Collaboration au niveau international a un effort de standardisation de la methode, par notre participation au groupe de travail 'joint working group iso tc147/sc2/wg18 - iso tc146/sc3/wg1' et a des tests interlaboratoires. - Determination du taux de pollution en differents sites typiques de suisse (dont trois du reseau nabel). - Mise en evidence de l'influence de l'activite humaine sur la quantite de fibres respirables en suspension dans l'air, dans des batiments comportant des sources potentielles d'amiante (isolations, revetements de sol, amiante-ciment, etc...). (FRA)
Heavy machinery used for the construction or transport gas pipelines can cause severe and persistent subsoil compaction of agricultural land, depending on various factors among which soil wetness plays a key role. In this project, several field experiments were carried out to investigate the stress propagation under heavy construction machines (40 t and more) during operation on selected plot areas under controlled moisture conditions, to assess the resulting mechanical deformation of the subsoil and to investigate changes of soil properties in particular infiltration patterns of a dye tracer analyzed by computer image analysis. In the laboratory , oedometric compressibility and other properties, in particular bulk density and coarse porosity, of soil samples taken before and after the impact by the machines were determined and compared to measurements of control samples. Furthermore, we investigated the moisture-dependence of the precompression stress by a series of oedometer tests and also performed some shear tests for the purpose of model parameter estimation. Using only a priori parameter values determined from such independent soil tests or just best estimates, the critical-state soil-mechanical model CRISP was used to interpret the results. As far as field observations were available they agreed well with the model simulations. The results lend support to the hypothesis that preconsolidation stress provides a suitable criterion to protect soils against overloading. However, the moisture-dependence of this parameter needs to be better known. Given that homogeneity of the experimental field sites had been a prime criterion of selection, spatial variability between trafficked and untrafficked test plots was still surprisingly large and limiting the detectability of compaction effects more than anticipated.
Il s'agit d'un projet de recherche fondamentale, visant a caracteriser les sites d'absorption du cadmium dans le rein. Cet organe est le lieu principal d'accumulation du Cd dans l'organisme, lors d'exposition chronique. La caracterisation de ce(s) site(s) d'adsorption, a l'interieur du rein, implique l'utilisation de techniques de microponctions-microinjections tubulaires chez l'animal (rat) anesthesie. Par ailleurs, des techniques de mesure de la principale proteine induite lors d'exposition chronique au Cd (metallothioneine-Cd) sont developpees. Des investigations morphologiques (microscopie electronique) sont realisees en parallele, chez des animaux exposes au Cd. (FRA)
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