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Seasonal nutrient dynamic in the Elbe Estuary June 2019

This dataset contains measurements from LP20190603, collected aboard the R/V Ludwig Prandtl in June 2019 in the Elbe Estuary. In a transect cruise, geobiochemical parameters were measured starting in the North Sea (53.98°N 8.36°E) to the port of Oortkaten in the upstream Elbe Estuary (53.46°N 10.06°E). Sampling was conducted upstream against the outgoing tide to prevent tidal effects on the measurements. Water samples were taken approximately every 20 min. The discrete water samples were used to measure dissolved inorganic nutrient, nitrate stable isotope composition, suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration, particulate carbon and nitrogen content of SPM and nitrogen stable isotope composition of SPM. An onboard membrane pump provided the on-line in situ FerryBox system. It continuously measured oxygen, salinity, and temperature during the cruise. A N2O analyzer coupled (Model 914-0022, Los Gatos Res. Inc., San Jose, CA, USA) with a seawater/gas equilibrator using off-axis cavity output spectroscopy continuously detected dry mole fraction of dissolved nitrous oxide along the estuary. Aim of the cruise was to study the interplay between eutrophication, in-stream nutrient regeneration and N2O emissions in a temperate Estuary.

Nachbewilligung zur Dritten Phase des Projektes: Entwicklung eines zweistufigen biologischen Verfahrens zur Reinigung von Deponiesickerwasser und industriellen Abwässern mit komplexen Stoffgemischen

Zielsetzung und Anlass des Vorhabens: Ziel der letzten Projektphase war es, mit einer Langzeit-Praxiserprobung das zweistufige biologische Verfahren zur Deponiesickerwasserreinigung als Stand der Technik zu etablieren und zu bilanzieren. Nach der Inbetriebnahme des Technikums am Deponiestandort Schöneiche ging es in der zwölfmonatigen Laufzeit des Projektes AZ 14996/04 in den Langzeitversuchen um die Validierung der Laborergebnisse im technischen Maßstab, die verfahrenstechnische Optimierung der Anlage und um eine damit verbundene mögliche Kostenreduzierung des Systems. Darstellung der Arbeitsschritte und der angewandten Methoden: Nach dem ersten Technikums-Probebetrieb wurde eine Reihe von Optimierungsmaßnahmen durchgeführt: - der Umbau des Rohsickerwasserzulaufs, - die Verwendung von Soda statt Bicarbonat für die Ammoniumoxidation in Reaktor 2, - der Einsatz von Membrandosierpumpen mit integrierten Rückschlagventilen für die Zugabe von Soda und Essigsäure, - der Einbau von zusätzlichen Polyurethan-Festbetten zur Vergrößerung der Oberfläche für die Besiedlung mit Mikroorganismen, - die Einstellung des Sollwerts für Reaktor 4 auf einen pH-Wert von 6,5, - ein Update der SPS-Steuerung der Nanofiltration zur freien Programmierung der Spülzyklen, - der Einbau eines Absperrhahns vor den Nanofiltrations-Vorfilter - und die Trennung des Nanofiltrationsablaufs vom Reaktoren-Sammelablauf zur Behälterleerung. Es wurde sowohl Rohsickerwasser der MEAB-Deponie Schöneiche als auch Sickerwasserkonzentrat der Deponie Vorketzin behandelt. Fazit: Wegen der durchgeführten Optimierungsmaßnahmen ist es prinzipiell gelungen, das Schöneicher Rohsickerwasser gemäß Anhang 51 der Abwasserverordnung aufzureinigen. In Vorketzin wurde die organische Belastung über 70% und Stickstoff über 80% reduziert. Nach Rückgang der Calciumfracht sollte es zukünftig möglich sein, mit der Zweistufen-Biologie das Sickerwasserkonzentrat ausreichend zu reinigen, da organische Belastung und Stickstoffgehalt geringer als im Schöneicher Rohsickerwasser sind. Um das Verfahren als Stand der Technik, vor allem für die Behandlung von Sickerwasserkonzentraten, zu etablieren, müssten die Laborvorgaben mit den Erfahrungen des Technikumsbetriebs kombiniert und in einer weiteren Versuchsreihe unter optimierten Bedingungen verifiziert werden.

Soil physicochemical properties of the plot DPFL_14 (Pfeiffhausen, Germany) in 2016, 2020 and 2022

As part of PhytOakmeter platform (www.phytoakmeter.de), soil chemical parameters were determined in 2016, 2020 and 2022. Soil pH was measured using a glass electrode in a 1:2.5 soil-to-0.01 M CaCl2 suspension after one hour of equilibration. Gravimetric soil moisture was assessed with a fully automated moisture analyzer (DBS60-3, KERN & SOHN GmbH, Balingen, Germany), here defined as soil moisture (MOI). Total nitrogen (TN) and total carbon (TC) contents in the soil were analyzed in triplicate through dry combustion using a Vario elemental analyzer (EL III, Elementar, Hanau, Germany), and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (TC/TN) was subsequently calculated from these values. To evaluate the potentially bioavailable soil organic carbon and nitrogen for microbial activity, hot water-extractable carbon and nitrogen (HWC and HWN, respectively) were determined following the methods of Ghani et al. (2003) and Schulz et al. (2011). Additionally, the labile organic carbon and nitrogen easily decomposable by soil microorganisms were measured as cold water-extractable carbon (CWC) and nitrogen (CWN) based on procedures described by Zsolnay (1996), Zakharova et al. (2015), and Schmidt et al. (2017). Ammonium and nitrate (NH4±N and NO3—N, respectively) were quantified, with their sum representing the total mineral nitrogen content (Nmin).

KOSMOS 2023 Helgoland mesocosm study on ocean alkalinity enhancement: dissolved inorganic nutrients, chlorophyll a and suspended particulate organic matter

We conducted a mesocosm study to investigate ecosystem responses to ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) in the temperate waters of the German North Sea on Helgoland in spring 2023. We simulated non-CO2-equilibrated OAE via calcium hydroxide through the addition of calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide. Twelve 6 m³ mesocosms were used to simulate two scenarios: in six mesocosms we established a gradient of added alkalinity from 0 to 1250 µmol/kg in increments of 250 µmol/kg, simulating immediate (imm) dilution of alkalised waters. For the second set of six mesocosms, alkalinity was added only to the top 1 m of each mesocosm, doubling the target added alkalinity. The top layer was mixed with the untreated bottom layer after 48 hours, simulating delayed dilution of alkalised waters (del) and ultimately leading to the same alkalinity gradient as the immediate dilution treatment. This data contains water column biogeochemical variables, including dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations (µmol/L), chlorophyll a concentrations (µg/L) and suspended particulate matter (biogenic silica, particulate organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphate; µmol/L). Nutrients, particulate organic phosphate and biogenic silica were measured spectrophotometrically (Unicam UV 300, Thermo Spectronic, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography (Thermo Scientific HPLC Ultimate 3000) was performed for chlorophyll a determination and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen were measured using an elemental analyser (Flash EA, Thermo Fisher).

Dissolved rare earth elements, shale-normalized patterns, biogeochemical parameters, and indices from molecular analysis of dissolved organic matter across the land-ocean continuum in the German Bight

We analyzed concentrations of dissolved rare earth elements (REE) across the land-ocean continuum in the German Bight (southern North Sea) to identify key drivers for REE cycling in dynamic coastal environments. We identified the coastal transition zone as a critical interface for altering predominantly riverine-derived natural and anthropogenic REEs. We combined shale-normalized REE patterns, measured by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS), with biogeochemical bulk parameters and molecular analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM) determined by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Samples were acquired during RV Heincke cruise HE527. The dataset includes spatially resolved biogeochemical data (concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, suspended particulate matter, dissolved iron, dissolved manganese and dissolved REE) in surface waters obtained along the major estuarine transects (Ems, Weser, and Elbe), coast-orthogonal transects and an offshore North Sea transect, with additional deep-water samples. Temporally resolved data were collected near the barrier islands Langeoog and Spiekeroog including the Otzumer Balje inlet. The dataset also contains molecular indices based on DOM composition (see Speidel et al., 2024) REE subgroups, ratios and concentrations of anthropogenic Samarium and Gadolinium (for details see Mori et al., 2025).

Soil physicochemical properties of the PhytOakmeter plot DGRL_14 (Greifenhagen, Germany) in 2016, 2020 and 2022

As part of PhytOakmeter platform (www.phytoakmeter.de), soil chemical parameters were determined in 2016, 2020 and 2022. Soil pH was measured using a glass electrode in a 1:2.5 soil-to-0.01 M CaCl2 suspension after one hour of equilibration. Gravimetric soil moisture was assessed with a fully automated moisture analyzer (DBS60-3, KERN & SOHN GmbH, Balingen, Germany), here defined as soil moisture (MOI). Total nitrogen (TN) and total carbon (TC) contents in the soil were analyzed in triplicate through dry combustion using a Vario elemental analyzer (EL III, Elementar, Hanau, Germany), and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (TC/TN) was subsequently calculated from these values. To evaluate the potentially bioavailable soil organic carbon and nitrogen for microbial activity, hot water-extractable carbon and nitrogen (HWC and HWN, respectively) were determined following the methods of Ghani et al. (2003) and Schulz et al. (2011). Additionally, the labile organic carbon and nitrogen easily decomposable by soil microorganisms were measured as cold water-extractable carbon (CWC) and nitrogen (CWN) based on procedures described by Zsolnay (1996), Zakharova et al. (2015), and Schmidt et al. (2017). Ammonium and nitrate (NH4±N and NO3—N, respectively) were quantified, with their sum representing the total mineral nitrogen content (Nmin).

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field study: Soil data

Taken from the methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107237: The effect of rare arable plants on soil nutrient concentration was measured by taking soil samples in the 1st and 2nd study year (March 2018 and August 2019). One soil sample per plot was taken to a 20 cm depth and analyzed by the AGROLAB Group (Landshut, Germany) for soil organic matter [%] and nitrogen concentration [%] (DIN EN 15936; 2012 and DIN EN 16168; 2012-11).

Quantifizierung der Rhizodeposition unter Grünland

Im Rahmen dieses Forschungsvorhabens sollen die Mengen der Wurzelexsudate in einem im Labor modellierten Grünlandökosystem quantifiziert werden. Die Untersuchungen sollen genaue Kenntnis über die Teilkomponenten der Rhizodeposition und der Bodenatmung erbringen. Zur präzisen Quantifizierung der Teilkomponenten der Rhizodeposition wird die Translokation von14C-Assimilaten in den Boden von einem für Grünlandökosystem typischen Vertreter - Lolium perenne - verfolgt. Dabei werden drei aus der Literatur bekannte Methoden mit eigenen Modifikationen und einer selbst entwickelten Methode verglichen. Diese Methoden stützen sich auf die Prinzipien: der Isotopenverdünnung, der Markierung verschiedener Pools in parallelen Varianten, der kurzfristigen Inhibierung der Mikroorganismenaktivität und der zeitlichen Trennung von Prozessen mit verschiedenen Geschwindigkeiten. Die anderen Kapitel der Habilitationsschrift werden folgenden Teilprozessen der Transformation der niedermolekularen organischen Substanzen im Boden anhand der Ergebnisse früherer Untersuchungen des Antragsstellers gewidmet: 1) den Geschwindigkeiten des mikrobiellen Abbaus der niedermolekularen organischen Substanzen 2) ihrer Verwertung durch die Bodenmikroorganismen 3) Dynamik des Einbaus in die Humusfraktionen und Rezyklierung der Humusfraktionen durch die niedermolekularen organischen Substanzen 4) Aufnahme von niedermolekularen organischen Substanzen durch die Pflanzen (kurz) 5) ihre Migration im Boden (kurz) Ein spezielles Kapitel wird der Transformation der Aminosäuren - den wichtigsten N-haltigen organischen Substanzen im boden - gewidmet. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden in der Habilitation zu einem Gesamtkonzept der Transformation der niedermolekularen organischen Substanzen im Boden zusammengefasst.

Dissolved and particulate trace metal and rare earth element (REE) concentrations during a mesocosm based phytoplankton bloom simulating intertidal coastal conditions

We analyzed concentrations of dissolved and particulate trace metals, including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), thallium (Tl), and rare earth elements (REE), during a mesocosm-based phytoplankton summer bloom mimicking the intertidal zone of the southern North Sea (Jade Bay). The studies aimed to identify key drivers controlling their biogeochemical cycling in dynamic, high-productivity coastal environments. Our results highlight the tidally influenced coastal zone as a critical interface that alters the behavior of supposedly conservative elements such as Mo and Tl (Mori et al., 2021) as well as natural and anthropogenic REE (incl., lanthanum, samarium, and gadolinium) (Mori et al., 2026). Trace metal concentrations and shale-normalized REE patterns, determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), were combined with biogeochemical bulk parameters and pigment-based assessments of phytoplankton growth and community composition (Mustaffa et al., 2020). Trace metal and REE cycling were evaluated in relation to phytoplankton dynamics, particulate organic matter composition (C, N, P), dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, and macronutrient concentrations (nitrate, ammonium, silicate, and inorganic phosphate). The dataset was obtained during a Planktotron-based mesocosm experiment conducted within the framework of the Coastal Ocean Darkening project (Mustaffa et al., 2020).

Soil physicochemical properties of the PhytOakmeter plots DHAL_14 and DHAL_15 (Harsleben, Germany) in 2016, 2018, 2020 and 2022

As part of PhytOakmeter platform (www.phytoakmeter.de), soil chemical parameters were determined in 2016, 2018, 2020 and 2022. Soil pH was measured using a glass electrode in a 1:2.5 soil-to-0.01 M CaCl2 suspension after one hour of equilibration. Gravimetric soil moisture was assessed with a fully automated moisture analyzer (DBS60-3, KERN & SOHN GmbH, Balingen, Germany), here defined as soil moisture (MOI). Total nitrogen (TN) and total carbon (TC) contents in the soil were analyzed in triplicate through dry combustion using a Vario elemental analyzer (EL III, Elementar, Hanau, Germany), and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (TC/TN) was subsequently calculated from these values. To evaluate the potentially bioavailable soil organic carbon and nitrogen for microbial activity, hot water-extractable carbon and nitrogen (HWC and HWN, respectively) were determined following the methods of Ghani et al. (2003) and Schulz et al. (2011). Additionally, the labile organic carbon and nitrogen easily decomposable by soil microorganisms were measured as cold water-extractable carbon (CWC) and nitrogen (CWN) based on procedures described by Zsolnay (1996), Zakharova et al. (2015), and Schmidt et al. (2017). Ammonium and nitrate (NH4±N and NO3—N, respectively) were quantified, with their sum representing the total mineral nitrogen content (Nmin).

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