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Multibeam bathymetry processed data (EM 1002 echosounder entire dataset) of RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM62/2

Swath sonar bathymetry data used for that dataset was recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM62/2 using Kongsberg EM1002 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 23.03.2017 and 27.03.2017 in the Baltic Sea. The cruise aimed to investigate the impact of the Littorina transgression on the inflow of saline waters into the western Baltic and assessed the potential for future diminution of ventilation in the central and northern deeper basins due to isostatic uplift [CSR]. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. During the MSM62/2 cruise, the moonpooled KONGSBERG EM1002 multibeam echosounder (MBES) was utilized to perform bathymetric mapping in shallow depths. The echosounder has a curved transducer in which 111 beams are formed for each ping while the seafloor is detected using amplitude and phase information for each beam sounding. For further information on the system, consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. Postprocessing and products were conducted by the Seafloor-Imaging & Mapping group of MARUM/FB5, responsible person Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de). The open source software MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, https://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system, 2017) was utilized for this purpose. A sound velocity correction profile was applied to the MSM62/2 data; there were no further corrections for roll, pitch and heave applied during postprocessing. A tide correction was applied, based on the Oregon State University (OSU) tidal prediction software (OTPS) that is retrievable through MB-System. CTD measurements during the cruise were sufficient to represent the changes in the sound velocity throughout the study area. Using Mbeditviz, artefacts were cleaned manually. NetCDF (GMT) grids of the edited data as well as statistics were created with mbgrid. The published bathymetric EM1002 grid of the cruise MSM62/2 has a resolution of 15 m. No total propagated uncertainty (TPU) has been calculated to gather vertical or horizontal accuracy. A higher resolution is, at least partly, achievable. The grid extended with _num represents a raster dataset with the statistical number of beams/depths taken into account to create the depth of the cell. The extended _sd -grid contains the standard deviation for each cell. The DTMs projections are given in Geographic coordinate system Lat/Lon; Geodetic Datum: WGS84.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (EM 1002 echosounder entire dataset) of RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM52

Swath sonar bathymetry data used for that dataset was recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM52 using Kongsberg EM1002 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 01.03.2016 and 28.03.2016 in the Baltic Sea. The cruise aimed gapless imagining of the major pre-alpine tectonic lineaments due to the fact that the Glückstadt Graben and the Avalonia-Baltica suture zone run across the southern Baltic [DOI: 10.2312/cr_msm52]. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. During the MSM52 cruise, the moonpooled KONGSBERG EM1002 multibeam echosounder (MBES) was utilized to perform bathymetric mapping in shallow depths. It has a curved transducer of which 111 beams are formed for each ping while the seafloor is detected using amplitude and phase information for each beam sounding. For further information on the system, consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. Generally, the system was acquiring data throughout the entire cruise. Responsible person during this cruise / PI: Laura Frahm. Postprocessing and products were conducted by the Seafloor-Imaging & Mapping group of MARUM/FB5, responsible person Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de). The open source software MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, https://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system, 2017) was utilized for this purpose. A sound velocity correction profile was applied to the MSM52 data; there were no further corrections for roll, pitch and heave applied during postprocessing. A tide correction was applied, based on the Oregon State University (OSU) tidal prediction software (OTPS) that is retrievable through MB-System. CTD measurements during the cruise were sufficient to represent the changes in the sound velocity throughout the study area. Using Mbeditviz, artefacts were cleaned manually. NetCDF (GMT) grids of the edited data as well as statistics were created with mbgrid. The published bathymetric EM1002 grid of the cruise MSM52 has a resolution of 35 m. No total propagated uncertainty (TPU) has been calculated to gather vertical or horizontal accuracy. A higher resolution is, at least partly, achievable. The grid extended with _num represents a raster dataset with the statistical number of beams/depths taken into account to create the depth of the cell. The extended _sd -grid contains the standard deviation for each cell. The DTMs projections are given in Geographic coordinate system Lat/Lon; Geodetic Datum: WGS84.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (EM 1002 echosounder entire dataset) of RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM51/1

Swath sonar bathymetry data used for that dataset was recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM51/1 using Kongsberg EM1002 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 01.02.2016 and 27.02.2016 in the Baltic Sea. The cruise aimed to perform seismo- and hydroacoustic surveys, sampling of Holocene sediments and to investigate the water column wintertime mixing close to sea-ice limits. These surveys improved the understanding of variations in the ventilation of the deeper Baltic, considering not only external climate forcing but also the effects of postglacial sealevel rise and isostatic uplift [CSR]. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. During the MSM51-1 cruise, the moonpooled KONGSBERG EM1002 multibeam echosounder (MBES) was utilized to perform bathymetric mapping in shallow depths. 111 beams are formed for each ping while the seafloor is detected using amplitude and phase information for each beam sounding. For further information on the system, consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. Postprocessing and products were conducted by the Seafloor-Imaging & Mapping group of MARUM/FB5, responsible person Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de). The open source software MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, https://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system, 2017) was utilized for this purpose. A sound velocity correction profile was applied to the MSM51-1 data; there were no further corrections for roll, pitch and heave applied during postprocessing. A tide correction was applied, based on the Oregon State University (OSU) tidal prediction software (OTPS) that is retrievable through MB-System. CTD measurements during the cruise were sufficient to represent the changes in the sound velocity throughout the study area. Using Mbeditviz, artefacts were cleaned manually. NetCDF (GMT) grids of the edited data as well as statistics were created with mbgrid. The published bathymetric EM1002 grid of the cruise MSM51-1 has a resolution of 15 m. No total propagated uncertainty (TPU) has been calculated to gather vertical or horizontal accuracy. A higher resolution is, at least partly, achievable. The grid extended with _num represents a raster dataset with the statistical number of beams/depths taken into account to create the depth of the cell. The extended _sd -grid contains the standard deviation for each cell. The DTMs projections are given in Geographic coordinate system Lat/Lon; Geodetic Datum: WGS84.

Moisture, temperature and light modualte methane oxidation from dry riverbeds - A mesocosms experiment

In this study, under lab conditions (Jan-Apr 2022) in we examined how three key drivers of methane oxidation in soils also modulate methane oxidation (i.e. methanotrophy) in dry riverbed sediments: gravimetric water content (GWC, as proxy of moisture), temperature, and light quality and intensity. We measured potential methane oxidation rates (PMO) as proxy of methanotrophy across a gradient of GWC, temperature (10, 20 and 30ºC), and under different light conditions (green and growth light) from dry (8% GWC) and wet (100%GWC) sediments collected in early Spring 2022 in the Queich River in Offenbach an der Queich (Germany). We used incubation vials (125mL) with about 10 mL sediment and spiked it with 120uL of pure methane gas following Bodmer et al. (2020). Incubations lasted for a week (until methane concentrations were below detection limit) and we replicated each treatment level four times (except for 10ºC that had just three).

Spurenelementkreisläufe und Flüsse im südlichen Indischen Ozean - ein Beitrag zu GEOTRACES

Der südliche Indische Ozean gehört zu den am wenigsten untersuchten Meeresgebieten. Entlang eines zonalen Transekts bei 23°S im südlichen Indischen Ozean wollen wir mit Hilfe der Verteilung von isotopischen Tracern (Radiumisotope, Thorium, Helium) die Quellen, die Senken und die Flüsse von Spurenelementen (TEs: Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, Zn) in der Wassersäule untersuchen. Die Anwendung von Radiumisotopen (224Ra, 223Ra, 228Ra,226Ra,), Thoriumisotopen (234Th, 232Th) und Heliumisotopen (3He, 4He) erlaubt ein besseres Verständnis der biogeochemischen Zyklen von TEs. Da einige dieser Spurenelemente als Mikronährstoffe fungieren, wollen wir ihre biogeochemischen Kreisläufe und ihre Wechselwirkungen mit der Bioproduktivität im Oberflächenwasser sowie ihre Wechselwirkungen mit den Kohlenstoff- und Nährstoffkreisläufen erforschen. Durch die Kombination von Messungen von TEs mit Radium- und 234Th-Isotopen als Tracer für vertikale und horizontale Flüsse, 232Th als Tracer für den Staubeintrag und Heliumisotope als Tracer für einen hydrothermalen Eintrag, werden wir die Zufuhrpfade von TEs aus der Atmosphäre, den Kontinenten (hauptsächlich dem Sambesi-Fluss), den Sedimenten der afrikanischen und australischen Kontinentalschelfe und aus den hydrothermalen Quellen (Hydrothermalismus am Mittelindischen Ozeanrücken) bestimmen und quantifizieren. Diese Untersuchungen sollen auf Probenmaterial basieren, das während der Sonne Ausfahrt SO-276 (Juli – August 2020) von Durban (Südafrika) nach Fremantle (Australien) gewonnen wird. Unsere Untersuchungen sind Teil des international koordinierten Programms GEOTRACES und werden zum „Second Indian Ocean Expedition Program (IIOE-2)“ beitragen. Wir erwarten, dass die Ergebnisse der vorgesehenen Untersuchungen einen signifikanten Beitrag zum Verständnis von Ökosystemen und ihrem chemischen Milieu liefern werden.

Reaktivität und Transformation funktioneller Gruppen von Spurenstoffen und organischer Hintergrundmatrix bei der Ozonierung von Abwasser

Die Ozonierung ist eine etablierte Technologie zur effizienten Oxidation von organischen Spurenstoffen in der Wasseraufbereitung. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil bei der Anwendung von Ozon ist die Bildung von stabilen und potenziell toxischen Ozonungsprodukten (OPs). Kritisch sind wegen ihrer Langlebigkeit vor allem biologisch stabile OPs. Unmöglich kann die Reaktion aller relevanter CECs mit Ozon, die dabei entstehenden OPs und deren biologische Stabilität untersucht werden. Vielmehr ist es notwendig, basierend auf dem systematischen Studium funktioneller Gruppen Kenntnisse zu generieren, die auf andere Stoffe übertragbar sind. Bislang wurden solche systematischen Studien aber nicht durchgeführt. Noch größer ist die Wissenslücke bei den im Abwasser vorliegenden organischen Kohlenstoffverbindungen (engl.: effluent organic matter, EfOM). Zwar belegt die Ozonzehrung von EfOM dessen Reaktivität gegenüber Ozon, aber welche funktionellen Gruppen reagieren, welche Produkte gebildet werden und wie biologisch stabil diese sind, ist gerade für EfOM mit Heteroatomen (N, S) nicht untersucht. Dieses Vorhaben will beide Lücken durch ein komplementäres analytisches und experimentelles Vorgehen schließen, mit dem gemeinsamen methodischen Ansatz der Einführung einer Markierung in die OPs durch Verwendung von 18O-Ozon und der nachfolgenden Detektion und Identifizierung der OPs mithilfe der (ultra-hochauflösenden) Massenspektrometrie. Das Vorhaben basiert auf der zentralen Hypothese, dass die Reaktion von Ozon sowohl mit bestimmten funktionellen Gruppen organischer Spurenstoffe als auch mit äquivalenten Gruppen des EfOM zu einer vorhersagbaren Bildung von OPs führt. Es zielt darauf ab, i) unser Verständnis der Reaktivität verschiedener funktioneller Gruppen gegenüber Ozon zu verbessern, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Identifikation biologisch schwer abbaubarer Funktionen innerhalb der OPs liegt, ii) ozon-reaktive funktionelle Gruppen im EfOM basierend auf bestehendem Wissen zur Transformation von Spurenstoffen zu identifizieren, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf N- und S-haltigen funktionellen Gruppen liegt, welche potentiell chemisch stabile OPs bilden, und iii) die Bedeutung des EfOM im Hinblick auf die Bildung biologisch schwer abbaubarer OPs in der Ozonierung von Abwasser zu bewerten. Dazu soll der biologische Abbau der OPs anhand deren spezifischen funktionellen Gruppen in Säulen-Abbauversuchen und einer simulierten Grundwasseranreicherung untersucht werden. Mit dem neuen Ansatz der Markierung sind wir in der Lage, OPs von CECs ebenso wie von EfOM sicher zu detektieren, besser zu identifizieren und ihre Stabilität gut zu verfolgen. Das Vorhaben generiert ein systematisches und übertragbares Verständnis zur Bildung stabiler OPs basierend auf funktionellen Gruppen organischer Moleküle, von CECs wie von EfOM. Erst wenn die Stabilität der möglichen OPs untersucht ist, wird auch eine systematische toxikologische Bewertung der Ozonung als Wasseraufbereitungsmethode möglich.

Raeumliche und zeitliche Variabilitaet der Inhaltsstoffe von Komposten

Flaechendeckende Studie zu Kompostqualitaet (Naehrstoffe, unerwuenschte organische und anorganische Bestandteile), - raeumliche Variabilitaet (Einzugsgebiet, -menge), Komposttyp (Gruengut, Bioabfaelle), zeitliche Variabilitaet (Mehrfachbeprobung), - Variabilitaet innerhalb des Haufwerks (Probenahmestrategie).

Ursprung, Mobilisierung und Migration von antimikrobiellen Resistenzdeterminanten

(Table A1) Raw data for both AMT20 Atlantic Ocean transect samples and western Pacific Ocean transect (SO228 and SO256) samples

Sea surface salinity (SSS) is the least constrained major variable of the past (paleo) ocean but is fundamental in controlling the density of seawater and thus large-scale ocean circulation. The hydrogen isotopic composition (δD) of non-exchangeable hydrogen of algal lipids, specifically alkenones, has been proposed as a promising new proxy for paleo SSS. The δD of surface seawater is correlated with SSS, and laboratory culture studies have shown the δD of algal growth water to be reflected in the δD of alkenones. However, a large-scale field study testing the validity of this proxy is still lacking. Here we present the δD of open-ocean Atlantic and Pacific surface waters and coincident δD of alkenones sampled by underway filtration. Two transects of approximately 100° latitude in the Atlantic Ocean and more than 50° latitude in the Western Pacific sample much of the range of open ocean salinities and seawater δD, and thus allow probing the relationship between δD of seawater and alkenones. Overall, the open ocean δD alkenone data correlate significantly with SSS, and also agree remarkably well with δD water vs δD alkenone regressions developed from culture studies. Subtle deviations from these regressions are discussed in the context of physiological factors as recorded in the carbon isotopic composition of alkenones. In a best-case scenario, the data presented here suggest that SSS variations as low as 1.2 can be reconstructed from alkenone δD.

(Table 1) Benthic foraminifer stratigraphy of ODP Site 166-1006 sediments

Site 1006 provides a middle to late Miocene record of bathyal benthic foraminiferal abundance changes in the Straits of Florida. Benthic foraminifers indicate that sedimentation was primarily in situ at Site 1006, with periods of increased downslope transport of shallow-water material. Changes in the in situ faunas may have resulted from circulation changes. Dissolution indices identify a dissolution interval in the upper Miocene section at Site 1006 that may correspond to isotope event Mi5. The data presented here are intended to support a subsequent study (M.E. Katz, J.D. Wright, and K.G. Miller, unpubl. data) that integrates the benthic foraminiferal faunal record with the stable isotopic record, all within a sequence stratigraphic framework. The ultimate goal is to demonstrate that the Miocene faunal and isotopic changes at Site 1006 reflect global, regional, and local influences, and provide constraints on paleobathymetry, sediment provenance, and circulation changes that may reflect changing source regions and glacioeustatic changes.

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