Introduction: In Malaysia, excessive nutrients from livestock waste management systems are currently released to the environment. Particularly, large amounts of manure from intensive pig production areas are being excreted daily and are not being fully utilised. Alternatively, the excess manure can be applied as an organic fertiliser source in neighbouring cropping systems on the small landholdings of the pig farms to improve soil fertility so that its nutrients will be available for crop uptake instead of being discharged into water streams. Thus, there is a need for better tools to analyse the present situation, to evaluate and monitor alternative livestock production systems and manure management scenarios, and to support farmers in the proper management of manure and fertiliser application. Such tools are essential to quantify, and assess nutrient fluxes, manure quality and content, manure storage and application rate to the land as well as its environmental effects. Several computer models of animal waste management systems to assist producers and authorities are now available. However, it is felt that more development is needed to adopt such models to the humid tropics and conditions of Malaysia and other developing countries in the region. Objectives: The aim is to develop a novel model to evaluate nutrient emission scenarios and the impact of livestock waste at the landscape or regional level in humid tropics. The study will link and improve existing models to evaluate emission of N to the atmosphere, and leaching of nutrients to groundwater and surface water. The simulation outputs of the models will be integrated with a GIS spatial analysis to model the distribution of nutrient emission, leaching and appropriate manure application on neighbouring crop lands and as an information and decision support tool for the relevant users.
The project aims at achieving a better understanding of the processes that drive or limit the response of grassland systems in a world of increasing atmospheric pCO2. We will test the hypothesis that the previously shown increase in below-ground allocation of C under elevated pCO2 provides the necessary energy excess and will stimulate free-living N2 fixers in a low N grassland environment. The project thus aims at assessing the occurrence and importance of free-living N2 fixers under elevated pCO2 and identify the associated microbial communities involved in order to better understand ecosystems response and sustainability of grassland systems. This project had the last opportunity to obtain soil samples from a grassland ecosystem adapted to long-term (10 year) elevated atmospheric pCO2 as the Swiss FACE experiment. The project aims to identify the relevant components of free-living diazotrophs of the microbial community using 15N stable isotope - DNA probing.
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Das Geoportal Hamburg ist das zentrale Kartenportal der Stadt Hamburg. Es enthält alle verfügbaren Geodaten der Hamburger Verwaltung in der stets aktuellen Version. Die Daten werden hierbei durch die einzelnen Fachbehörden gepflegt und über die Urban Data Platform, der zentralen Datendrehscheibe der Stadt veröffentlicht. Es stehen so mehr als 500 Datensätze verschiedener Kategorien zur Verfügung sowie zahlreiche Werkzeuge zum Suchen, Zeichnen, Messen oder Drucken. Die technische Basis des Geoportals ist die Opensource-Software „Masterportal“ die vom Landesbetreib Geoinformation und Vermessung entwickelt und von zahlreichen anderen Städten und Kommunen genutzt und in Zusammenarbeit gepflegt und weiterentwickelt wird.
This ILRI and CIMMYT collaboration proposes a new multidimensional approach to maize improvement to provide maize cultivars that better match the needs of resource poor mixed crop livestock farmers for food and fodder. It aims at improving our understanding of where food-feed maize cultivars have potential from both a farmer and agro-ecological perspective, alongside research to develop dual purpose cultivars for diverse and often marginal environments in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania that produce higher grain yield under conditions of biotic (gray leaf spot, stem borer) and abiotic (drought, low fertility) stress than currently used cultivars while providing good stover quantity and quality for livestock fodder. The goal of this project is to investigate the potential of dual-purpose maize to enhance the livelihoods of resource poor crop-livestock farmers of East Africa where the concentration of mixed smallholders is highest and agricultural systems are undergoing further intensification.
In China agricultural productivity needs to be increased by developing improved strategies for sustainable resource use in intensified cropping systems. Among other factors, the genetic potential of cultivars plays an important role in production systems.Adopting novel breeding approaches based on doubled haploids (DHs) can speed up the process of developing new varieties substantially and rapidly provide suitable cultivars for new cropping systems. Therefore, a first objective of this subproject is the improvement of the DH technology in maize. This implements efforts on increasing induction rates by investigating new inducer lines. In addition, intensive collaboration aims to improve the chromosome doubling procedures. The second objective is to find theOptimum use of DH approaches in hybrid maize breeding determined by means of modelling and simulations.
Project summary: The Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in south Sweden is a 3.6 km long and up to 500 m deep tunnel devoted to the exploration of the deep biosphere within continental granitic rocks. Here, a number of deep groundwater seepage sites and associated ponds are accessible, which both exhibit an enormous diversity of aerobic and anaerobic, mainly chemolithotrophic microorganisms. This window into microbiology of the deep biosphere may serve as a model system for the interaction of microbiological processes and mineral precipitation within the continental vein systems. Central part of the project is a multidisciplinary analysis of biodiversity, structure and physiological effects of this chemolithotrophic system to establish specific signatures for tracing deep biosphere communities in continental settings. Several proxies will be used as a basis for modelling of biomass fluxes in the upper continental crust. Vein minerals, as potential archives for fossil deep biospheres, will be investigated to test the application of the results for interpretation of the fossil record.
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