Zu den anlagenbezogenen Wasserbucheinträgen zählen u.a. folgende wasserrechtliche Tatbestände: Benutzungen von Grundwasser und/oder Oberflächenwasser gemäß § 9 WHG i.V.m. § 5 SächsWG; Einleiten von Abwasser in Gewässer gemäß § 57 WHG (Direkteinleitung) i.V.m. § 51 SächsWG; Einleiten von Abwasser in öffentliche Abwasseranlagen gemäß § 58 WHG (Indirekteinleitung) i.V.m. § 53 SächsWG oder Einleiten von Abwasser in private Abwasseranlagen gemäß § 59 WHG; Errichtung, Betrieb, wesentliche Änderung, Unterhaltung und/oder Stilllegung von Anlagen in, an, über und unter oberirdischen Gewässern gemäß § 36 WHG i.V.m. § 26 SächsWG; Errichtung, Betrieb sowie die wesentliche Veränderung oder Beseitigung einer Abwasserbehandlungsanlage gemäß § 60 WHG i.V.m. § 55 SächsWG; Errichtung, Betrieb sowie die wesentliche Veränderung oder Beseitigung von öffentlichen Wasserversorgungsanlagen gemäß § 55 SächsWG i.V.m. § 50 Abs. 4 WHG; Nutzung von Fernwasser gemäß § 44 SächsWG i.V.m. § 50 Abs. 2 WHG; Errichtung, Betrieb und/oder wesentliche Änderung von Anlagen zum Lagern, Abfüllen oder Umschlagen wassergefährdender Stoffe gemäß § 63 WHG; Gewässerausbau sowie Errichtung von Deich- und Dammbauten gemäß § 68 WHG i.V.m. § 63 SächsWG; Herstellung, wesentlichen Änderung oder Beseitigung eines Flutungspolders gemäß § 63 SächsWG; Übertragen der Unterhaltungslast zur Gewässerunterhaltung gemäß § 40 WHG i.V.m. § 33 SächsWG, Übertragen der Pflicht zur Abwasserbeseitigung gem. § 56 WHG, Übertragen der Pflicht zur öffentlichen Wasserversorgung gemäß § 43 SächsWG; Duldungs- und Gestattungsverpflichtungen nach § 99 SächsWG (Zwangsrechte)
Bei den Wasserbucheinträgen zur Flächengebietsfestsetzung handelt es sich u.a. um folgende wasserrechtliche Tatbestände: Wasserschutzgebiete gemäß § 51 WHG i.V.m. § 46 SächsWG; Heilquellenschutzgebiete gemäß § 53 WHG i.V.m. § 47 SächsWG; Überschwemmungsgebiete an oberirdischen Gewässern sowie vorläufig gesicherte Überschwemmungsgebiete gemäß § 76 WHG i.V.m. § 72 SächsWG; Risikogebiete gemäß § 74 WHG bzw. überschwemmungsgefährdeter Gebiete gemäß § 75 SächsWG; Hochwasserentstehungsgebiete gemäß § 78d WHG i.V.m. § 76 SächsWG; Festsetzung von Gewässerrandstreifen nach § 38 Abs. 3 WHG i.V.m. § 24 Abs. 4 SächsWG
ARCH will develop a unified disaster risk management framework for assessing and improving the resilience of historic areas to climate change-related and other hazards. This will be achieved by developing tools and methodologies that will be combined into a collaborative disaster risk management platform for local authorities and practitioners, the urban population, and (inter)national expert communities. To support decision-making at appropriate stages of the management cycle, different models, methods, tools, and datasets will be designed and developed. These include: technological means of determining the condition of tangible and intangible cultural objects, as well as large historic areas; information management systems for georeferenced properties of historic areas and hazards; simulation models for what-if analysis, ageing and hazard simulation; an inventory of potential resilience enhancing and reconstruction measures, assessed for their performance; a risk-oriented vulnerability assessment methodology suitable for both policy makers and practitioners; a pathway design to plan the resilience enhancement and reconstruction of historic areas; and an inventory of financing means, categorised according to their applicability in different contexts. The project ensures that results and deliverables are applicable and relevant by applying a co-creation process with local policy makers, practitioners, and community members. This includes the pilot cities Bratislava, Camerino, Hamburg, and Valencia. The results of the co-creation processes with the pilot cities will be disseminated to a broader circle of other European municipalities and practitioners. ARCH includes a European Standardisation organization (DIN) as a partner in order to prepare materials that ensure that resilience and reconstruction of historic areas can be progressed in a systematic way, through European standardisation, which will ensure practical applicability and reproducibility.
Das vorliegende Sachverständigengutachten identifiziert und bewertet Kriterien für eine erfolgreiche Realisierung von klimagerechten kommunalen Infrastrukturen. Der Untersuchungsgegenstand konzentriert sich hierbei auf die Kategorien Gebäude, Wärmenetze und Radverkehrswege. Die Kommunen und ihre Eigenbetriebe können die Ausgestaltung dieser drei Infrastrukturen stark beeinflussen, weshalb sie wichtige Pfeiler einer klimagerechten Entwicklung sind. Auf Basis einer Literaturrecherche und praktischer Erfahrungen identifizierten die Auftragnehmer Infrastrukturelemente, Kriterien und Maßnahmen und erarbeiteten damit die Struktur eines Kriterienkatalogs für klimagerechte kommunale Infrastrukturen. In einem Workshop diskutierten Vertreterinnen und Vertreter von Kommunen und kommunalen Unternehmen den Kriterienkatalog, sowie welche Planungs- und Handlungsmöglichkeiten Kommunen zur Verfügung stehen. Übergeordnete Handlungsempfehlungen der Workshop-Teilnehmenden an die Politik flossen in die Ausarbeitung des Gutachtens mit ein. Der erarbeitete Kriterienkatalog besteht aus insgesamt 40 Elementen. Diese Elemente sind als erforderliche Rahmenbedingungen, organisatorische oder technische Maßnahmen, Konzeptansätze als auch konkrete Infrastrukturelemente zu verstehen. Mit einer standardisierten Gliederung der Elemente erhalten die Leserinnen und Leser eine übersichtliche und verständliche Kurzbeschreibung von Erfolgsfaktoren, Hemmnissen, Aufwand und Bewertungsansätzen. In der Kategorie Gebäude sind Elemente mit Schwerpunkt auf den Klimaschutz benannt, die grundsätzlich die Notwendigkeit zur Energieeinsparung und -effizienz sowie die konsequente Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien bei der Deckung des Gebäudeenergiebedarfs adressieren. Im Bereich der Klimawandelanpassung wird zuvorderst auf bauliche Maßnahmen eingegangen, die gerade bei zunehmender sommerlicher Überhitzung im Bereich Komfort und Aufenthaltsqualität einen Nutzen für die Bewohner und Bewohnerinnen darstellen. Die Kategorie Wärmenetze zeigt am Beispiel von zehn Elementen auf, wie heutige zentrale Wärmeversorgungssysteme, speziell durch die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien, zu klimagerechten Infrastrukturen transformiert werden können. Der Kommune kommt in dieser Kategorie vor allem die Aufgabe zu, die strategischen Planungsgrundlagen anzustoßen, indem sie auf kommunaler Ebene Konzepte und Analysen durchführt. Darüber hinaus können kommunale Stadtwerke Maßnahmen und Projekte direkt umsetzen. Bei den Elementen in der Kategorie Radverkehr liegt der Schwerpunkt auf konkreten Maßnahmen, die Kommunen anwenden können, um den Radverkehr zu fördern. Bei der Umsetzung dieser Maßnahmen ist es besonders wichtig, auf zusammenhängende Radverkehrsnetze mit einer klaren Hierarchie hinzuarbeiten. Hauptziel ist es Infrastrukturen zu schaffen, die möglichst vielen und diversen Zielgruppen durchgängiges, direktes, sicheres, komfortables, attraktives Radfahren ermöglichen...
A project is proposed for the development of a system for the non-contact high-resolution fingerprinting of paintings and polychrome objects of art and cultural heritage. The compact system will consist of the in situ measurement of the roughness of selected areas of a painted surface at (sub)micron scale, spectral pigment and dye identification, and accurate colour digital documentation of the entire object. This will provide a long sought after non-destructive method for 'marking' and identifying valuable painted objects of art and cultural heritage by using the 3D micro-characteristics of the otherwise 2D surface of the object. Specifically, the (sub)micron roughness and spectral information at a certain (proprietary) location in an object's surface is a true 'marking', unique to the painted object, and, in fact, the artist's 'signature/fingerprint'. Combined with an accurate colour digital image of the object, this information can be used to develop a comprehensive digital archiving system for museum collections, and vastly improve the traceability of objects on loan and in transport. The objectives of this project clearly fit into Task 2 of the Policy oriented research Priority 8.1.B.3.6 - 'The protection of cultural heritage and associated conservation strategies'. However, FING-ART-PRINT will also be an excellent tool for the non-destructive analysis and detection of forgeries of objects, the objective of Task 1. For objects which are already known to be authentic, FING-ART-PRINT will provide an identification method which will be virtually impossible to forge, given the resolution attainable by the system, and the fact that the location, size and orientation of the fingerprint will only be known to the owner of the object. Finally, FING-ART-PRINT will provide an excellent non-destructive tool for studying the effect of conservation treatments and/or aging on the surface condition of painted surfaces, and their reversibility, as required by Task 4. Prime Contractor: Instituut Collectie Nederland; Amsterdam; Netherlands.
Thailand is probably the only country that succeeded in fighting poppy production and trade, by implementing a 'stick and carrot' policy allowed by the economic take-off the country experienced from the 1960s onward and the 'anti-Communist rent' provided by the USA. This development was mainly launched by special bilateral projects and by the King (later Royal Foundation) and bypassed to a certain extent the existing state institutions. However, almost all these projects covering large areas in the highlands ended in the first half of the 1990s. What we observe, is the come-back of state institutions on the foreground. The holistic approach of these projects could nowadays give way to the come-back of a sectoral approach, bringing back all the contradictions State institutions carry along (among themselves and within each of them). Such an hypothesis is taken seriously by local populations and the emergence of networks of villages constitutes at least partly a response to this concern. These associations, which go across ethnic boundaries, aim at being a partner acknowledged by state agencies especially in the fields of social and economic development, land use and resource management. Furthermore, the degree of uncertainty is very high among villagers and their strategies is, at least partly guided by the lack of transparency of the process. Access to information thus becomes a crucial stake and actors able to monopolise it are in a better position to deal with this new context. The objective of the research is to analyse the social interface between development projects, state institutions and 'local society' in a specific context, from a socio-anthropological point of view, that is by applying anthropological concepts and methods to a traditionally non-ethnological object. This approach will be combined with a historical perspective aiming at analysing the different phases of highlands development policies, in order to grasp the roots of the current politics of development policy. A basic knowledge on local social structuration will be required, too. A first step will thus consist in assessing the development and extension approaches of the development projects that have been working (sometimes for quite a long time) in the area, as well as the roles and strategies of state agencies involved in the highlands development policy. The different points of view of the actors involved are to be explored, in terms of practices and logics as well as of perception and evaluation: discrepancies between objectives and implementation of a project, seen as failures by project workers or decision-makers, can result from active strategies of target groups, and thus epitomise the dynamics of the local society and not its so-called resistance or archaism. Furthermore, the triangle development project-state-local population is not made of three homogenous blocks. (abridged text)
Modelling of flow processes in individual parts of the hydrologic cycle are quite advanced, whereas coupled simulations of several hydrological processes within a river basin are more or less simplified. Various models exist which solve the Shallow Water Equations, but most of them have difficulties with computing the exact solution in areas where the bottom surface alters between dry and wet. The aim of this project is to develop a hydrodynamic-numerical model, which is able to simulate surface flow with drying and wetting areas and allow interaction with different hydrological processes. The two-dimensional Shallow Water Equations will be solved by means of the Finite Volume Method in an explicit formulation. Adaptive methods will be used to reproduce sharp fronts and steep bottom slopes. The model will be object-oriented designed and implemented in Java. One further work will deal with the interaction of surface flow and the unsaturated zone. Later development might deal with the simulation of surface flow in urban and natural areas, where drying and wetting or coupling of processes is an issue. It might also serve as a component of a physically based distributed catchment model.
Motivation: Our physical environment underlies permanent changes in space and time with strongly varying triggers, frequencies, magnitudes and also consequences to humans. Monitoring of Earth surface processes (e.g. landslides) and the assessment of environmental properties (e.g. agricultural plant conditions) is crucial to improve our scientific understanding of complex human-environmental interactions and helps us to respond by adaptation or mitigation. The last decade has witnessed extensive application of 3D environmental monitoring with the LiDAR technology, also referred to as laser scanning. Although a multitude of automatic methods were developed to extract environmental parameters from LiDAR point clouds, only little research has focused on highly multitemporal LiDAR monitoring (4D-LiDAR). Large potential of applying 4D-LiDAR is given for landscape objects with high and varying rates of change (e.g. plant growth), and also for processes with sudden unpredictable changes (e.g. natural hazards). Main Objective: In this project we (re)assess the scientific concepts and data models for big 4D LiDAR data. In our core concept, a single LiDAR point is treated as an observation in space and time, and the measurements are not independent of each other in space and time. Further, based on two real-world use cases we will develop new algorithms for surface parameter derivation (agricultural crops) and change detection (landslides) making use of the 'full history' contained in the 4D point cloud time series. We will evaluate our novel methods with respect to near real-time analysis capability (in between of two epochs), making use of the entire big point cloud archive collected during permanent long-term terrestrial LiDAR.
Forests play an important role in environmental functions which are crucial for human wellbeing. Recently, also the meaning of social functions of forests is being increasingly acknowledged. The State Forests in Poland allocate significant part of their resources to provide new tourist infrastructure and maintain the existing one. In order to successfully manage forest areas and to gain realistic view on actual visitation levels and use of touristic objects managed by the State Forests, it is necessary to find reliable and effective tools and methods for visitor data collection and data analysis. From the management perspective definition of indicators and standard tools that could assist management of tourism and recreation in the forests is particularly important. The objective of the proposed project is to create the list of indicators and to define reliable tools that can be utilized for measuring the usage effectiveness of recreation and tourist infrastructure. The infrastructure to be investigated comprises loging objects (e.g. hunters huts, recreational and educational centers) and non-lodging objects (e.g. recreational trails, parking lots).
The Brenner Axis has recently been designated a priority number one project among 30 Trans European Network (TEN) projects. To minimise environmental impacts of TEN projects, legal instruments such as the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) have to be applied prior to construction. The project EO-TEN has the objective to increase the operational application potential of innovative Earth observation (EO) methods having a realistic market potential to be introduced for EIAs and SEAs. The focus is on improving and advancing EO methods and derived products serving to protect the environment, the population and the infrastructure itself and to develop a sustainable service component serving EIAs and SEAs. Methods to be further developed involve analysis of EO data from a broad spectrum of sensors, including airborne and spaceborne optical, laser scanning and satellite SAR data. Specific analysis techniques applied to these data comprise multi-source image processing image fusion, object-based information extraction, automated change detection, laser scanning methods, SAR differential interferometry, and specific visualization techniques. The TU Wien is a research partner in this project with a special focus on exploiting novel laser scanner technologies for improved modelling of the terrain and objects on the terrain.