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Artenkenntnis für ExpertInnen: KennArt - Eine bundesweite Initiative zur Ausbildung von ArtenkennerInnen, Maßnahmenumsetzung, Verbundkoordination

A taxonomic revision of the African genus Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae - Grewioideae)

The data set includes data of 800 herbarium specimens (and 295 duplicates) used for a taxonomic revision of Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae s.l., subfamily Grewioideae, tribe Grewieae). Desplatsia is a genus of trees and shrubs found in tropical West and Central Africa and is characterised by subulately divided stipules, the absence of an androgynophore, stamens that are fused to a tube at the base, and large and distinctive fruits that are dispersed by elephants. In the taxonomic revision four species are recognized (D. subericarpa, D. chrysochlamys, D. dewevrei and D. mildbraedii) and 12 species names are placed into synonymy, two of which have been put into synonymy for the first time: D. floribunda and D. trillesiana. All four species are widely distributed and their conservation status is assessed as Least Concern (LC). A key to the species, full species descriptions, illustrations, a specimen citation list and distribution maps are provided. All herbarium specimens were seen and identified either at the herbaria or online. The revision is published in the European Journal of Taxonomy (Wellsow J., Hart M., Wilkie P. Harris, D.J. (2019). A taxonomic revision of the African genus Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae - Grewioideae). European Journal of Taxonomy 584: 1-38. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.584). Acknowledgement: We thank Naturalis and Botanic Garden Meise for sending specimen data. The time span is 1861 to 2019.

Rodent composition of urban and forested areas in Potsdam, Germany

The present dataset from Germany is encompassed in the European Biodiversa BioRodDis project (Managing BIOdiversity in forests and urban green spaces: Dilution and amplification effects on RODent microbiomes and rodent-borne DISeases. Project coordinator: Nathalie Charbonnel, Senior researcher (DR2, INRAE), nathalie.charbonnel@inrae.fr - https://www6.inrae.fr/biodiversa-bioroddis). The project comes with the purpose to explore on a large scale the relationship between biodiversity of rodents, rodent-borne diseases dynamics and differences over time in a changing climate and it includes data of small terrestrial mammals from temperate forests and urban parks from the following countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland and Poland. The present dataset includes records of small mammals (Rodentia) occurrences trapped in urbanised and forested areas in northeast Germany in the district of Potsdam (Brandenburg). Samplings and data collection took place throughout three years and during a total of four seasons: winter 2020, spring 2021, autumn 2021 and spring 2022. The number of sampling sites varied between 2 and 4 per seasons, with two main sites (Germany EastA and Germany EastB) being permanent in each sampling season. These variations are mainly due to the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic regulations (2020, 2021) on the organisation and the execution of fieldwork and to the exclusion subsequently of forested sites with very low density of animals (≤10 individuals: Germany EastC, Germany EastB). The two main sampling sites represent different levels of anthropisation. The site Germany EastA is around the Botanical Garden belonging to the University of Potsdam with a mixture of sealed and wooded areas and a constant human presence while the site Germany EastB is a forested sub-urbanised area outside of the city composed by mixed coniferous forests, meadows, crossed by a main road and with occasional human presence (hunters, foresters). All animals were live captured (as in Schirmer et al., 2019) using a combination of Ugglan and Longworth traps for a total of 100-150 traps, depending on site and year. Traps were placed in 4 to 6 lines with 25m distance, and each line was composed by a total of 25 traps placed with 10m distance from each other. Fieldwork actions generally started with 1-4 days of pre-baiting followed by 1-10 days of trapping, according to efficiency of trapping and subprojects included. The sites Germany EastC and Germany EastD were excluded from the last two seasons because of very low trapping success during the previous seasons. All the traps were controlled daily during early morning hours and were activated again in the evening, with animals spending not more than eight hours in the trap. Baiting mixture consisted of oat flakes and apples and all traps were equipped with insulating material, like hay or wood wool. Taxonomical identification was determined in the field at species level according to morphology and previously recorded species occurrences in the sampling area (Dolch, 1995). Molecular identification of Apodemus flavicollis and Microtus individuals that were subsequently dissected was performed by the CBGP (France) using CO1 sequencing for Microtus species following Pagès et al., 2010, and DNA fingerprinting (AP-PCR) for Apodemus species (Bugarski-Stanojević et al., 2013). Dissections and body measurements were performed following the protocols described in Herbreteau et al., 2011. At the end of all seasons, a total of 620 occurrences of rodents was recorded, belonging to two main families (Muridae, Cricetidae) and four different species (Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus agrarius, Myodes glareolus and Microtus arvalis). Additionally, for a subset of individuals (n=264), body measurements like weight, body length, head width, tail length and hind foot length as well as sexual maturity data were recorded. Animals were captured in accordance with the applicable international and institutional guidelines for the use of animals in research. The trapping and collection of rodents was performed under the permission of “Landesamt für Arbeitsschutz, Verbraucherschutz und Gesundheit Brandenburg (LAVG)“ (no. 2347-A-16-1-2020 for procedure, LUGV_RW7-4744/41+5#243052/2015 and N1 0424 for trapping) and “Landesamt für Umwelt Brandenburg (LfU)” (no. LFU-N1-4744/97+17#194297/2020, for sites and species exemptions). This project was funded through the 2018-2019 BiodivERsA joint call for research proposals, under the BiodivERsA3 ERA-Net COFUND programme, and coordinated by the German Science Foundation DFG (Germany). Citations: 1) Bugarski-Stanojević, V., Blagojević, J., Adnađević, T., Jovanović, V., & Vujošević, M. (2013). Identification of the sibling species Apodemus sylvaticus and Apodemus flavicollis (Rodentia, Muridae)—Comparison of molecular methods. Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 252(4), 579–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.11.004 2) Dolch, D. (1995). Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Brandenburg. 97. 3) Herbreteau, V., Jittapalapong, S., Rerkamnuaychoke, W., Chaval, Y., Cosson, J.-F., & Morand, S. (2011). Protocols for field and laboratory rodent studies. 56. 4) Pagès, M., Chaval, Y., Herbreteau, V., Waengsothorn, S., Cosson, J.-F., Hugot, J.-P., Morand, S., & Michaux, J. (2010). Revisiting the taxonomy of the Rattini tribe: A phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10(1), 184. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-184 5) Schirmer, A., Herde, A., Eccard, J. A., & Dammhahn, M. (2019). Individuals in space: Personality-dependent space use, movement and microhabitat use facilitate individual spatial niche specialization. Oecologia, 189(3), 647–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04365-5

The Fossil Fish Collection at the Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie

The Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie (Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontology and Geology, BSPG) has with currently about 9,800 specimens one of the most important collections of fossil fishes in Europe. Of international importance are mainly type specimens and originals to published standard works of Louis Agassiz, Andreas Wagner, Georg Graf zu Münster, Otto-Maria Reis, Karl Alfred von Zittel, among others, mostly derived from the Mesozoic of southern Germany (Alpine and Germanic Triassic, Jurassic, and especially the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestone or Solnhofener Plattenkalke from the Franconian Alb, Bavaria). These have been described partially in monographic treatises since the 19th Century. With 4,000 fishes the ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) mostly from the Solnhofen area are also the most numerous specimens within the collection. These stocks are the subject of several ongoing investigations on the taxonomy and systematics of the bony fishes. They are particular evidence for the origin and phylogeny of the early modern bony fishes (Teleostei), as well as for ecological, biogeographic and stratigraphic aspects of the respective depositional environments and ecosystems. In addition to the aforementioned main part of the collection there are also considerable numbers of specimens of various important other European localities: Fishes from the Paleozoic of Germany (e.g. Bundenbach) and the Tertiary of Italy (e.g. Monte Bolca), Thrace (Turkey) and Southern Germany (each several hundred fossils) as well as singular finds. Due to the loss of the old inventory (and a large part of the old collection) during the Second World War (see Dehm 1978, Jung et al. 1993, cf. w. Dacque 1934) there has only been a later reconstructed, and since then in handwritten and typewritten form continued inventory without digital capture. Only for some of the most important items (types), there is a digital table of data. The extensive collection growth in recent years through the acquisition of private collections and the paleontological collection of the University of Wurzbourg, as well as through purchased acquisitions and, finally, the observation, that the BSPG collection is highly frequented by the international research, make a digital recording of the collection an urgent necessity. For more details see also http://www.snsb.info/DatabaseClients/BSPGpiscescoll/About.html.

The Fossil Fish Collection at the Jura-Museum Eichstätt

The Jura-Museum Eichstätt houses one of the most important collections of fossil fishes in Europe. Currently the collection comprizes more than 7,000 specimens, most of them from the late Jurassic Plattenkalk (Solnhofen-Archipelago, Franconian Alb, Bavaria, Germany). Newly prepared and fully documented but as yet undescribed specimens from recent excavations are of international importance, as are type specimens and originals to publications of Gloria Arratia, Paulo M. Brito, Martin Ebert, Stefanie Klug, Jürgen Kriwet, Paul Lambers, Jennifer Lane, Adriana López-Arbarello, Orvar Nybelin, Francisco José Poyato-Ariza, Kerstin Schröder, Hans-Peter Schultze and Detlev Thies. The collection specimens are subject of several ongoing investigations on the taxonomy and systematics of bony fishes. Many provide evidence for the origin and phylogeny of the early modern Actinopterygians (Teleostei), as well as for ecological, biogeographic and stratigraphic aspects of the respective depositional environments and ecosystems. The fishes from the Solnhofen-Archipelago in the collection of the Jura-Museum Eichstätt are from different localities (basins) and it is the most diverse late Jurassic fish collection world-wide. The collection is regularly expanded, most recently especially by two scientific excavations in Schamhaupten (1989–1998) and Ettling (2007–ongoing). Further information under http://www.snsb.info/DatabaseClients/JMEpiscescoll/About.html.

Untersuchungen zur Gefährdung von Farn- und Samenpflanzen als Grundlage für den Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt und für die Umsetzung der FFH-Richtlinie

Es wird die Funktion der Koordinierung der oben genannten Forschung für den Regierungsbezirk Leipzig übernommen. Es werden Daten über Verbreitung, Standortansprüche und Bestandsveränderungen von Farn- und Samenpflanzen erhoben und ausgewertet. Belegmaterial wird im Herbarium der Universität archiviert. Wir bieten anderen Institutionen, aber auch Einzelpersonen den Service an, taxonomisch schwierige Sippen zu determinieren bzw. Belege zu revidieren.

Meeresmilben (Acari, Halacaridae) im Schwarzen Meer - Relikte oder Neueinwanderer? Läßt die Fauna Rückschlüsse auf die Phylogenie einzelner Gattungen zu?

Die Familie der Halacaridae (Meeresmilben) ist die einzige unter den Milben, die vollständig an ein Leben im Meer angepasst ist, sie besiedelt den Bereich von der oberen Gezeitenlinie bis in die Tiefseegräben. Mit einer Körpergröße von 200-500mym gehört sie zur Meiofauna. Halacariden sind ausschließlich Benthos-Bewohner, Verbreitungsstadien sind unbekannt. Sie haben mit meist nur einer Generation per Jahr und selten mehr als 20 Eiern per Weibchen eine äußerst geringe Fortpflanzungsrate. Zur Zeit sind etwa 900 Arten bekannt. Die bis 1990 zur Schwarzmeer Halacaridenfauna publizierten Daten deuteten bei einigen Gattungen auf einen engen Bezug zur Mittelmeerfauna hin, nicht aber zu der des Nord-Ostseeraumens. Für andere Gattungen galt das Umgekehrte. Daraus ergaben sich die Fragen: lassen sich diese Verbreitungsmuster mit der geologischen Vergangenheit des Schwarzen und des Mittelmeeres und der ehemaligen Verbindungen zum Nord-Ostseeraum klären, und lassen sich daraus Rückschlüsse auf Entwicklungsgeschichte und Lebensweise dieser Meeresmilben Gattungen ziehen? Die Deutung der Fauna steht und fällt mit der richtigen Bestimmung der Arten. Durch eigene Probennahmen soll reichhaltiges Tiermaterial, einschließlich der für die taxonomische Bearbeitung erforderlichen biologischen und ökologischen Daten, erhalten werden.

DNA Barcoding bei Moosen

Untersuchungen zur Oekologie der Schimmelpilze in Boeden und Komposten

Qualitativer und quantitativer Nachweis von Pilzarten in verschiedenen Substraten: Torf, Muellkompost und dergleichen. Taxonomie von Pilzen, besonders von Thermophilen, aus extremen Standorten.

Kleinsaeuger im Nyika National Park, Malawi (Afrika)

Taxonomische Untersuchung (incl Karyologie) von Kleinsaeugern eines montanen National-Parks (Schutz der Diversitaet) Zentralafrikas. Zur Beurteilung von vermuteten, isolierten Evolutionsvorgaengen. Die Diversitaet des Gebietes ist deutlich hoeher als bisher erkannt und unterscheidet es zoogeographisch von suedlicher gelegenen Hochplateaus.

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