We report annual mean (non-sea salt) sulfur concentrations from 19 ice cores in Antarctica including WD, WDC05Q, B40, NUS08-4, NUS08-5, NUS08-7, NUS07-2, NUS07-5 and NUS07-7 (all analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICPMS) and SP01, SP04, SPC14, DML05, DML07, DF01, DFS10, EDC96, Taylor Dome and Talos Dome (all analyzed using ion chromatography, IC). The latter are based on measurements of sulfate divided by three to derive the equivalent sulfur concentration. Additional details about the ice-core sites and analytical procedures are provided in the Supporting Data of Gabriel et al., (submitted) and in the references below citing the original publications. We report annual mean (non-sea salt) sulfur concentrations from 7 ice cores in Greenland: NEEM(2011-S1), Humboldt, B19, TUNU2013, Summit2010-composite (all by ICPMS) and EGRIP and NGRIP1 (by IC) . We further report insoluble size-resolved particle concentrations for the TUNU2013, B19 and NEEM(-2011)S1 ice cores, and insoluble size-resolved particle concentrations and non-sea-salt chlorine records from the Summit2015 ice core.
These records are used alongside ice-core crypto-tephra to characterize volcanic eruption sources and to quantify volcanic sulfur injections from volcanic eruptions between 1590 and 1710 CE.
Mt. Etna in Catania, Italy, is an active volcano that has served as a natural laboratory for many volcanologists worldwide. Its paroxysms are unique eruptive events caused by a complex magmatic system that, despite being one of the most studied volcanoes, there is still an open field to contribute to the understanding of magma dynamics and degassing. This data set is a compilation of grain-size and shape measurements of 14 tephra samples of Mt. Etna. The tephra samples correspond to some of the most explosive cycles and events of the volcano from 2011 to 2025. The measurements were obtained using CAMSIZER through the ILGE TNA grant funding at INGV sezione di Catania. This dataset is the basis for a research project investigating the controls on the volume of gases and magma emitted during an eruption of Mt. Etna.
This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Sedimentology Laboratory – INGV sezione di Catania supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.