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Soil CO2 flux and isotopic dataset for the characterization of the Escarot mofette area in the French Massif Central

This data file contains area-wide soil CO2 flux data from the Escarot mofette area in the Monts Dore volcanic province, Massif Central. Addtional data for stable carbon analysis of CO2 and CH4 as well as noble gas analysis from mofettes are included. Furthermore field parameters (pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity) of an observation borehole and a bubbling mofette are included.

Geochemical parameters in peat depth profiles from ombrotrophic bogs in North and Central Europe. Pichlmaier Moor, Austria

This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).

Brackish water rewetting of a temperate coastal peatland in NE Germany: Effects on Biogeochemistry, Microorganisms and Greenhouse gas emissions

The rewetting of drained peatlands is a promising measure to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by preventing the further mineralization of the peat soil through aeration. While freshwater rewetted peatlands can be significant methane (CH4) sources in the short-term, in coastal ecosystems the input of sulfate-rich seawater could potentially mitigate these emissions. The purpose of the data collection was to examine whether the presence of sulfate, known as an alternative electron acceptor, can cause lower CH4 production and thus, emissions by favoring the growth of sulfate-reducers, which outcompete methanogens for substrate. We therefore investigated underlying variables such as the methane-cycling microbial community along with CH4 fluxes and set them in context with CO2 fluxes along a transect in a coastal peatland before and directly after rewetting. In this way, a conclusion about the short-term greenhouse gas mitigation potential of brackish water rewetting of coastal peatlands could be drawn. This data collection consists of six data sets, with direct comparisons before and after rewetting of CO2 and CH4 fluxes (Tab. 2) and associated microbial communities (Tab. 1) being the main data. Pore water geochemistry (Tab. 1 and 3) and surface water parameters (Tab. 4) were collected simultaneously to provide potential explanatory variables. The sampling of continuous water level (Tab. 5) within wells and atmospheric weather data (air and soil temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetic photon flux density; Tab. 6) from a weather station was done in addition. Measurements started in June/July/August 2019 after field installation was finalized and were conducted on the drained coastal fen "Polder Drammendorf" on the island of Rügen in North-East Germany. On 26th November 2019, the dike was opened and channeled in order to rewet the peatland with brackish water. Before, the dike separated the peatland from the adjacent bay "Kubitzer Bodden", which is part of a brackish lagoon system connected to the Baltic Sea. Therefore, the peatland was nearly completely flooded and now resembles a shallow lagoon with high fluctuating water levels. We measured along a humidity (pre-rewetting)/water level (post-rewetting) gradient (stations 0-8) towards and across the main North-South oriented drainage ditch, including four stations on the Eastern side of the ditch (1–4), two ditch stations (0, 5) and two stations (6, 7) on the Western side of the ditch. Station 8 was chosen as an additional station farther towards the adjacent bay on the Western side, but was only accessible before rewetting. CH4 and CO2 fluxes (stations 0-7) were calculated from online gas concentrations measurements using laser-based analyzers and manual closed chambers (Livingston, G. P., & Hutchinson, G. (1995). Enclosure-based measurement of trace gas exchange: Applications and sources of error. In P.A. Matson, & R.C. Harriss (Eds.). Biogenic trace gases: Measuring emissions from soil and water (pp. 14–51). Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK). Soil cores for microbial, dissolved gas concentrations and isotopic analysis were taken using a Russian type peat corer (De Vleeschouwer, F., Chambers, F. M., & Swindles, G. T. (2010). Coring and sub-sampling of peatlands for palaeoenvironmental research. Mires and Peat, 7, 1–10) before and after rewetting. Each time, we took duplicates at stations 1-8 for this rather labor-intensive process and divided the core into four depth sections: surface, 5–20, 20–40 and 40–50 cm. Subsamples for dissolved gases and stable carbon isotope analyses were taken with tip-cut syringes with a distinct volume of 3 ml (Omnifix, Braun, Bad Arolsen, Germany) and immediately placed into NaCl-saturated vials (20 ml, Agilent Technologies, 5182-0837, Santa Clara, USA) leaving no headspace and closed gas-tight using rubber stoppers and metal crimpers (both: diameter 20 mm, Glasgerätebau Ochs, Bovenden, Germany). Absolute abundances of specific functional target genes, including methane- and sulfate-cycling microorganisms, were measured with quantitative PCR (qPCR) after DNA was extracted (GeneMATRIX Soil DNA Purification Kit, Roboklon, Berlin, Germany) and quantified (Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer, ThermoFisher Scientific, Darmstadt, Germany). Surface and pore water parameters were measured in parallel to the gas measurements and soil coring for microbial analyses. Most surface water variables (pH, specific conductivity, salinity, nutrients, oxygen, sulfate and chloride concentrations, DOC/DIC) were measured in-situ using a multiparameter digital water quality meter or taken to the laboratory as water samples for further analysis. Likewise, pore water/soil variables (pH, specific conductivity, nutrients, metals, sulfate and chloride concentrations, CNS) were either measured in-situ or taken to the laboratory as soil samples. While surface water analysis was only conducted in the drainage ditch before rewetting, it was done along the entire transect after rewetting. In contrast, pore water/soil analysis was mostly conducted before rewetting and only repeated occasionally after rewetting where possible.

Tierschutzbericht 2016/2017

Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen (u. a. Haltung von Sauen im Kastenstand, Verbot ganzjähiger Anbindehaltung von Rindern, Verbandsklage Tierschutz), Vollzug tierschutzrechtlicher Vorschriften, Tierhaltung (u. a. Amputations-Kürzen der Schwänze von Schweinen, Wildtiere im Zirkus, Kastrieren männlicher Ferkel, Enthornung von Kälbern, Taubenvergrämung), Eigenkontrollen - Tierschutzindikatoren (u. a. Qualzucht), Hundeführerschein junior, Transport von Tieren, Töten und Schlachten von Tieren (u. a. Schächten, Verfütterung lebender Futtertiere, Hahnenköpfen), Fischerei, Tierversuche, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (u. a. Tierschutzpreis), Tierschutzbeirat; Anlagen: Transportkontrollen, Versuchstierzahlen, Richtlinie für Vergabe des Tierschutzpreises, Mitglieder des Tierschutzbeirats, Jahresbericht Tierschutzbeirat 2016 und 2017

Tierschutzbericht 2018/2019

Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen (u. a. Änderung Tierschutzgesetz, Tierwohlkennzeichengesetz, Ferkelkastration, Tierschutz-Nutztierhaltung, Transportzeiten von Nutztieren, Handel mit Tieren im Internet und Printmedien), Vollzug tierschutzrechtlicher Vorschriften, Tierhaltung (u. a. Umsetzung Aktionsplan Schwanzkupieren, Töten männlicher Eintagsküken, Zucht landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Hundediplom Junior, Umsetzung Katzenschutzverordnung, Wildtiere im Zirkus, Überprüfung von Tierbörsen), Schlachten von Tieren, Tierversuche, Transport von Tieren, Fischerei und Jagd, Förderung und Preise im Tierschutz, Tierschutzbeirat, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit; Anlagen: Transportkontrollen, Versuchstierzahlen, Richtlinie für Vergabe des Tierschutzpreises, Mitglieder des Tierschutzbeirats, Jahresbericht Tierschutzbeirat 2018 und 2019

Community-mediated mechanisms to stabilize pollination of agricultural production highly dependent on shrinking honey bee populations under global change

Almond in California represents an agroecosystem pollinated solely by a single species, the European honey bee, a species that is becoming increasingly difficult and expensive to manage due to substantial, unpredictable mortality. Therefore, sustainable and high output production require a more integrated approach that diversifies sources of pollination. For this purpose, detailed data of our understanding how diversity can stabilize pollination are required. The project will identify alternative wild pollinator species and collect high quality data contributing to our understanding of how diversity (pollen and insects) can bolster honey bee pollination during stable and unstable climatic conditions. The research will be carried out on almond orchards in Northern California known to be either pollinator species rich (up to 30 species) or depauperate (honey bees only). The replicated extremes in pollinator diversity represent a unique opportunity to study the effects of diversity on pollination in real agroecosystems combined with laboratory and glasshouse experiments. The overall goal is to provide basic research that is essential for our general understanding of how insect diversity can affect high-quality pollination under land use and climate change.

Effect of diffusive/dispersive processes on stable isotope ratios of organic contaminants in aquifer systems

Groundwater contamination by organic compounds represents a widespread environmental problem. The heterogeneity of geological formations and the complexity of physical and biogeochemical subsurface processes, often hamper a quantitative characterization of contaminated aquifers. Compound specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) has emerged as a novel approach to investigate contaminant transformation and to relate contaminant sources to downgradient contamination. This method generally assumes that only (bio)chemical transformations are associated with isotope effects. However, recent studies have revealed isotope fractionation of organic contaminants by physical processes, therefore pointing to the need of further research to determine the influence of both transport and reactive processes on the observed overall isotope fractionation. While the effect of gasphase diffusion on isotope ratios has been studied in detail, possible effects of aqueous phase diffusion and dispersion have received little attention so far.The goals of this study are to quantify carbon (13C/12C) and, for chlorinated compounds, chlorine (37Cl/35Cl) isotope fractionation during diffusive/dispersive transport of organic contaminants in groundwater and to determine its consequences for source allocation and assessment of reactive processes using isotopes. The proposed research is based on the combination of high-resolution experimental studies, both at the laboratory (i.e. zero-, one- and two-dimensional systems) and at the field scales, and solute transport modeling. The project combines the expertise in the field of contaminant transport with the expertise on isotope methods in contaminant hydrogeology.

Pore water data of sediment incubation experiments under anoxic conditions

Enhanced mineral dissolution in the benthic environment is currently discussed as a potential technique for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. This study explores how biogeochemical processes affect the dissolution of alkaline minerals in surface sediments during laboratory incubation experiments. These involved introducing dunite and calcite to organic-rich sediments from the Baltic Sea under controlled conditions in an anoxic to hypoxic environment. The sediment cores were incubated with Baltic Sea bottom water. Eight sediment cores were positioned vertically in a rack. Since the sediment surface was slightly oxidized by the bottom water (∼125 μmol l−1 upon recovery), the cores were left plugged on the top for 13 days to settle after recovery until the sediment surface was anoxic. To achieve chemical conditions that are expected in the natural system, 500l of retrieved sea water were degassed via bubbling with pure dinitrogen gas in batches of 100 l. Afterwards, between 50 and 60 l were transferred into an evacuated gas tight bag. After the transfer, pH and total alkalinity (TA) were measured to determine the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of the water. Afterwards the DIC was increased via adding pure CO2 until a CO2 partial pressure (pCO2 ) of ∼2,300–∼3,300 μatm was established mimicking conditions prevailing in Boknis Eck during summer. Stirring heads were installed on the cores. To prevent the development of oxic conditions, it was ensured that as little gas phase as possible was left in the cores. Elimination of pelagic autotrophs, heterotrophs, and suspended particles was achieved by flushing the cores with modified bottom water for 2 days with a flow rate of 1.5 mml min−1. Afterwards, a continuous throughflow of 700 μl min−1 from the reservoir of modified bottom water was applied, leading to a residence time of ∼2.1 days inside the cores. For the experimental incubations, six cores received additions of alkaline materials, three with calcite (Cal1 - Cal3) and three cores with dunite (Dun1 - Dun3), leading to three replicates per treatment. Two control cores remained untreated (C1, C2). The amount of added substrate was based on the rain rate of particulate organic carbon observed in Boknis Eck (0.5 mmol cm−2 a−). The incubation lasted for 25 days. The volume of water in each core was determined at the end of the experiment via measuring the height of the water column after removing the stirring heads. At the end of the experiments, the bottom water was removed via suction and the cores were sliced for pore water analysis. The pore waters were recovered by centrifuging each respective sediment layer in 50 ml falcon tubes at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Afterwards, the supernatant water was transferred to polyethylene (PE) vials in an Ar-filled glove bag to minimize contact with oxygen. All samples were filtered through a 0.2 µm cellulose membrane filter and refrigerated in 25 ml ZinsserTM scintillation vials. TA samples (1 ml) were titrated with 0.02N HCl. For H2S, an aliquot of pore water was diluted. A 5 ml aliquot was frozen directly after the sampling procedure for later nutrient analysis. Nutrient measurements were performed either via manual photometric measurement (NH4) or using a Seal – AnalyticalTM QuAAtro autoanalyzer (PO43-). Samples for TA were analyzed directly after sampling by titration of 1 ml of bottom/pore water with 0.02N HCl. Titration was ended when a stable purple color appeared. During titration, the sample was degassed by continuous bubbling with nitrogen to remove any generated CO2 and H2S. The acid was standardized using an IAPSO seawater standard. Acidified sub-samples (30 μl suprapure HNO3- + 3 ml sample) were prepared for analyses of major and trace elements (Si, Na, K, Li, B, Mg, Ca, Sr, Mn, Ni and Fe) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Varian 720-ES). For H2S, an aliquot of pore water was diluted with appropriate amounts of oxygen-free artificial seawater and the H2S was fixed by immediate addition of zinc acetate gelatin solution

Field parameters and biochemical soil properties from NEP 1, NEP 2, NEP 3, Nördlingen, southern Germany

Soil physical-biogeochemical analyses were carried out on profiles NEP1, NEP2 and NEP3. Soil TC and TN were determined by CNS analysis, and total organic carbon (TOC) was determined by the difference between total inorganic carbon (TIC) and TC. Carbonate (CaCO₃) content was measured volumetrically using a Calcimeter and on air-dried, sieved (< 2 mm) and ground (ball mill) samples. The pH-values were measured on samples of profiles NEP1, NEP2, NEP3, which had less than 2% CaCO₃ content. Stable isotope ratios of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N were analysed for the differentiation of C3 and C4 plants and the cultivation of legumes. The analyses were performed on air-dried, sieved (< 2mm) and ground (ball mill) samples. For ¹³C analysis, the soil samples were decarbonised with 10% HCl. In the field, separate samples were collected for the NEP1 and NEP2 profiles (28 samples in total) for analysis of urease activity and microbial biomass carbon (Cmic). Samples were stored at -18°C. Urease activity (enzyme analysis) is used to provide information on the input of urea and animal excrement. The mutual relationship between urease and Cmic was used to show and understand the past and present input of urea into the soil.

Site information for porewater chemistry survey of European peatlands

The study investigates the chemical and physical characteristics of porewater and soil samples from peatlands across 64 sites in Germany, Poland, Estonia, Scotland, Sweden, and Georgia sampled between 1997 and 2017. The sites covers oceanic (Cfb, Cfc) and continental (Dfb, Dfc) climate zones and include both minerotrophic fens and ombrotrophic bogs. Fens were further classified into poor and rich types based on acidity and floristic composition, with rich fens characterized by higher pH and calcium concentrations due to mineral-rich groundwater inputs. The study also distinguishes between natural sites with stable near-surface water tables and rewetted sites previously subjected to drainage and agricultural use.

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