This study reports a precisely dated pollen record with a 20-year resolution from the varved sediments of Lake Mondsee in the north-eastern European Alps (47°49′N, 13°24′E, 481 m above sea level). The analysed part of core spans the interval between 1500 BCE and 500 CE and allows changes in vegetation composition in relation to climatic changes and human activities in the catchment to be inferred. Intervals of distinct but modest human impact are identified at ca. 1450-1220, 740-490 and 340-190 BCE and from 80 BCE to 180 CE. While the first two intervals are synchronous with prominent salt mining phases during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age at the nearby UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hallstatt, the last two intervals fall within the Late Iron Age and Roman Imperial Era, respectively. Comparison with published records of extreme runoff events obtained from the same sediment core shows that human activities (including agriculture and logging) around Lake Mondsee were low during intervals of high flood frequency as indicated by a higher number of intercalated detrital event layers, but intensified during hydrologically stable intervals. Comparison of the pollen percentages of arboreal taxa with the stable oxygen isotope and potassium ion records of the NGRIP and GISP2 ice cores from Greenland reveals significant positive correlations for Fagus and negative correlations for Betula and Alnus. This underlines the sensitivity of vegetation around Lake Mondsee to temperature fluctuations in the North Atlantic as well as to moisture fluctuations controlled by changes in the intensity of the Siberian High and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) regime.
During a 4-week measurement campaign (ISLAS2022) in March and April 2022, we collected a comprehensive dataset characterizing the atmospheric water vapour and precipitation isotope composition within weather systems in the European Arctic and sub-Arctic. Focusing on an area covering the Nordic Seas and Northern Scandinavia, stable water isotope measurements with cavity ring-down spectrometers (CRDS) were taken from a research aircraft stationed at Kiruna, Sweden; from a Research Vessel going from Tromsø to the western ice edge in Greenland, and from measurements at supersites at Andenes on the Lofoten archipelago, Abisko, and Kiruna. Water vapour and precipitation isotope measurements from different sites and platforms were complemented by additional instrumentation to characterize the atmospheric conditions. Advanced instrumentation included wind LIDAR, ground-based vertical-pointing rain radar, and aerosol measurements at Andenes, two-directional depolarising aerosol LIDAR and horizontal cloud RADAR on the aircraft. Controlled meteorological balloons were launched from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard into cold-air outbreak conditions. Surface precipitation samples were collected from a surface network including Abisko, Andenes, Kiruna, Longyearbyen, Ny-Ålesund, Jan Mayen, Bjørnøya, Tarfala, Ålesund, and Bergen. Surface snow was repeatedly sampled along a detailed transect from Kiruna to Lofoten archipelago. Citizen science snow sampling contributed to distributed surface snow sampling in Northern Scandinavia. All stable water isotope measurements have been calibrated onto the VSMOW-SLAP scale. The data from the ISLAS2022 measurement campaign enables the comprehensive assessment of air mass transformation and water turnover during cold-air outbreak conditions using stable water isotopes as a constraint.
In the Earth, the dynamo action is strongly linked to core freezing. There is a solid inner core, the growth of which provides a buoyancy flux that drives the dynamo. The buoyancy in this case derives from a difference in composition between the solid inner core and the fluid outer core. In planetary bodies smaller than the Earth, however, this core differentiation process may differ - Fe may precipitate at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) rather than in the center and may fall as iron snow and initially remelt with greater depth. A chemical stable sedimentation zone develops that comprises with time the entire core - at that time a solid inner core starts to grow. The dynamics of this system is not well understood and also whether it can generate a magnetic field or not. The Jovian moon Ganymede, which shows a present-day magnetic dipole field, is a candidate for which such a scenario has been suggested. We plan to study this Fe-snow regime with both a numerical and experimental approach. In the numerical study, we use a 2D/3D thermo-chemical convection model that considers crystallization and sinking of iron crystals together with the dynamics of the liquid core phase (for the 3D case the influence of the rotation of the Fe snow process is further studied).The numerical calculations will be complemented by two series of experiments: (1) investigations in metal alloys by means of X-ray radioscopy, and (2) measurements in transparent analogues by optical techniques. The experiments will examine typical features of the iron snow regime. On the one hand they will serve as a tool to validate the numerical approach and on the other hand they will yield important insight into sub-processes of the iron snow regime, which cannot be accessed within the numerical approach due to their complexity.
Der Datensatz beinhaltet Informationen zu Landwirtschaftlichen Anlagen im Freistaat Sachsen. Dargestellt werden Daten zu Tierhaltungsanlagen.
Additional reporting obligations in the area of energy efficiency' is a dataset reported by EU Member States and Contracting Parties of the Energy Community under the Governance Regulation. The dataset includes information on reasons why energy consumption is stable or growing per sector, floor area of government buildings not meeting energy performance requirements, number of energy audits carried out in large companies, applied national primary energy factor for electricity, number and floor area of new and renovated nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB), and internet links to lists/interfaces of energy services.
In hydrology, the relationship between water storage and flow is still fundamental in characterizing and modeling hydrological systems. However, this simplification neglects important aspects of the variability of the hydrological system, such as stable or instable states, tipping points, connectivity, etc. and influences the predictability of hydrological systems, both for extreme events as well as long-term changes. We still lack appropriate data to develop theory linking internal pattern dynamics and integral responses and therefore to identify functionally similar hydrological areas and link this to structural features. We plan to investigate the similarities and differences of the dynamic patterns of state variables and the integral response in replicas of distinct landscape units. A strategic and systematic monitoring network is planned in this project, which contributes the essential dynamic datasets to the research group to characterize EFUs and DFUs and thus significantly improving the usual approach of subdividing the landscape into static entities such as the traditional HRUs. The planned monitoring network is unique and highly innovative in its linkage of surface and subsurface observations and its spatial and temporal resolution and the centerpiece of CAOS.
The hydrochemical and stable isotope composition of fresh surface water in rivers (Sieber and Oder) of a karst area in the southwestern foreland of the Harz Mountains, Germany, was investigated at several occasions between years 1986 and 1992. The campaigns covered different seasonal and hydrological (discharge) conditions, including a snow-melt induced high water at the rivers. Aim of the study was the investigation of the impact of discharge conditions at the river water loosing water to underground passage in the Basin of Pöhlde, dissolving carbonate and sulfate minerals in the karst aquifers, and reappearing in the karst springs of the Rhume river. Besides physical characterization, hydrochemical major and minor elements were measaured, as weill as the carbon isotope composition of DIC, the sulfur and oxygen isotope composition of sulfate, and the oxygen isotope composition of water. Results reflect the impact of hydrological conditions on the subterrestrial carbon and sulfur cycles.
Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen (u. a. Änderung Tierschutzgesetz, Tierwohlkennzeichengesetz, Ferkelkastration, Tierschutz-Nutztierhaltung, Transportzeiten von Nutztieren, Handel mit Tieren im Internet und Printmedien), Vollzug tierschutzrechtlicher Vorschriften, Tierhaltung (u. a. Umsetzung Aktionsplan Schwanzkupieren, Töten männlicher Eintagsküken, Zucht landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Hundediplom Junior, Umsetzung Katzenschutzverordnung, Wildtiere im Zirkus, Überprüfung von Tierbörsen), Schlachten von Tieren, Tierversuche, Transport von Tieren, Fischerei und Jagd, Förderung und Preise im Tierschutz, Tierschutzbeirat, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit; Anlagen: Transportkontrollen, Versuchstierzahlen, Richtlinie für Vergabe des Tierschutzpreises, Mitglieder des Tierschutzbeirats, Jahresbericht Tierschutzbeirat 2018 und 2019
Bedeutung des Projekts für die Praxis: Die Daten sollen einen Hinweis darauf geben, ob die Maßnahmen in der Landwirtschaft im Luftreinhalteprogramm 2014 des Landes Steiermark eine Minimierung der Bioaerosol Konzentration in der Luft bewirken können. In einem Merkblatt werden Faktoren, die zur Minimierung der Konzentration luftgetragener Keime und Partikel führen, aufgeführt. Wenn zwischen Kontaminationsquellen und Anrainern eine Übertragung von Staub und seinen biologischen Bestandteilen bzw. Keim- und Staubemission weitgehend ausgeschlossen werden kann, sind normalerweise aus umweltmedizinischer Sicht Emissions-minderungsmaßnahmen nicht erforderlich. Mit den vorliegenden Ergebnissen besteht die Möglichkeit ein für die Steiermark und anderen Ländern gültiges Konzept mit regionalspezifischer Vorgehensweise zu erarbeiten. Zielsetzung: Die HBLFA Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Abt. Tierhaltungssysteme, Technik & Emissionen, Institut für Tier, Technik und Umwelt ist im gegenständlichen Projekt (genehmigter Antrag wurde durch die Medizinische Universität Graz gestellt, Nr. 101263/3) entscheidend an der Auswahl der Versuchsbetriebe beteiligt, sie stellt zum Teil die Kontakte zu den Betriebsleitern her, übernimmt in den einzelnen Messkampagnen die Emissionsmessungen an den Kaminöffnungen der Projektbetriebe und ist den gesamten Projektablauf (Planung der Messungen, regelmäßige Besprechungen, Diskussion der Auswertungsergebnisse, Erstellung des Abschlussberichtes) involviert. Des Weiteren werden an den jeweiligen Messtagen auf den Projektbetrieben der Status der Lüftungstechnik (Ansteuerungsleistung der Ventilatoren, Messung der Abluftgeschwindigkeit ...) sowie die Bedingungen im Stall und Tierbereich (Temperatur, Feuchte, Tiergewichte, Futtermittel, Einstreu ...) dokumentiert Das Ziel dieses Projekts besteht darin, den Istzustand der Emissionen und Immissionen von Bioaerosolen und Feinstaubpartikeln im Bereich von Tierhaltungsanlagen mit verschiedenen Messstrategien zu erheben. Für die Beurteilung der anlagenbezogenen Emissionen und Immissionen wird vergleichend die natürliche Hintergrundkonzentration der Bioaerosole und Feinstaubpartikel in der Umgebungsluft bestimmt. Es gilt festzustellen, ob die Keimkonzentrationen der Umgebungsluft aus der Stallluft resultieren. Die Leitparameter (Keime bzw. biogene Substanzen), welche in VDI 4250 Blatt 3 (2016) Richtlinie zur Emissions- und Immissionsbeurteilung herangezogen werden, werden auf ihre Adaptierbarkeit überprüft. Für die zukünftigen Bewertungen der Immissionen werden Ausbreitungsrechnungen durchgeführt, um die Fläche des Areals zu definieren, in dem ein neu zu errichtendes Stallgebäude für die Haltung von Nutztieren stehen soll. Die Daten aus der vorliegenden Studie werden mit den Ergebnissen und Bewertungen anderer EU Länder verglichen, um ein Konzept für eine Bewertungsgrundlage zu erstellen. (Text gekürzt)
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