Littorina littorea was collected at the study site. The foot of Littorina littorea was used for stable isotope analysis (δ15N and δ13C). The stable isotope composition of possible food sources was also determined. Samples were taken in spring, summer and autumn. For the analysis a diet tissue discrimination factor (DTDF) of 2.4 for δ15N and 1.0 for δ13C was subtracted, respectively. The data in the sheet are the raw data without the DTDF.
Intensive agricultural production in the Hai River catchment had detrimental impacts on the quantity and quality of ground and surface water. High cropping intensity, irrigation and fertilizer applications of more than 300 kg N/ha resulted in a decrease of the ground water table by more than 30 m within the last decades and severe deterioration of water quality in the Piedmont Plain Region, a part of the Hai River catchment. The shortage of water resources in the Hai River basin not only hinders the development of the local economy, but also results in severe environmental problems such as:- subsidence of the ground surface due to over-exploitation of groundwater, - degradation of ecosystems, - shrinking of rivers and lakes, - non point source pollution of soil and ground water - serious water pollution in the main channels and tributaries. Sustainable land use in that region requires a sound knowledge of the effects of single management measures. However, subsoil heterogeneity is one of the major obstacles, impeding relating cause and effect at larger scales and to assess the effect of single management strategies. In this study, a three-step up-scaling approach is suggested that combines some innovative methodologies, and enables to grasp the heterogeneities usually encountered at the management scale. First, a recently developed robust methodology will be applied to determine deep percolation and groundwater recharge in situ without requiring a fully-fledged soil hydrological model. The results can be compared to seepage data from lysimeters of the Luancheng station. Moreover, spatial heterogeneities and temporal patterns can be determined and can be related to soil hydrological properties. Second, spatial functional hydrological heterogeneity can be assessed based on principal component analysis of time series of soil water content and groundwater recharge, allowing to up-scale detailed measurements from single field sites. Third, processes affecting groundwater quality, and exchange between groundwater and surface water can be investigated using non-linear PCA of soil water, groundwater, and stream water quality data, combined with stable isotope data. The outcome of the project is expected to provide valuable contributions to scale-specific simulation of water and solute fluxes at the management scale.
Die stratosphärische Ozonschicht absorbiert die UV-C und UV-B Sonnenstrahlung und schützt damit Pflanzen, Tiere und Menschen vor Strahlenschäden. Durch anthropogen emittierte Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffe (FCKWs) wird die Ozonschicht abgebaut. Da FCKWs seit dem Montrealer Protokoll stark zurückgegangen sind, werden halogenierte Verbindungen wie Chlormethan (CH3Cl), die aus natürlichen Quellen freigesetzt werden, für den Abbau der Ozonschicht in der Stratosphäre zunehmend relevant. CH3Cl ist das am häufigsten vorkommende chlorhaltige Spurengas in der Erdatmosphäre, das für etwa 17% der durch Chlor katalysierten Ozonzerstörung in der Stratosphäre verantwortlich ist. Daher wird CH3Cl vornehmlich die zukünftigen Gehalte an stratosphärischem Chlor bestimmen. Die aktuellen Schätzungen des globalen CH3Cl-Budgets und die Verteilung der Quellen und Senken sind sehr unsicher. Ein besseres Verständnis des atmosphärischen CH3Cl-Budgets ist daher das Hauptziel dieses Projektes.Die Analyse stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse von Wasserstoff (H), Kohlenstoff (C) und Chlor (Cl) hat sich zu einem wichtigen Werkzeug zur Untersuchung des atmosphärischen CH3Cl-Budgets entwickelt. Das zugrundeliegende Konzept besteht darin, dass das atmosphärische Isotopenverhältnis einer Verbindung wie CH3Cl gleich der Summe der Isotopenflüsse aus allen Quellen angesehen werden kann, korrigiert um den gewichteten durchschnittlichen kinetischen Isotopeneffekt aller Abbauprozesse. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Bedeutung wichtiger Quellen und Senken mit bekannten Isotopensignaturen zu entschlüsseln. Eine Grundvoraussetzung für detaillierte Hochrechnungen des globalen Budgets ist die Bestimmung der durchschnittlichen Isotopenverhältnisse von H, C und Cl des troposphärischen CH3Cl. Aufgrund der relativ geringen Konzentration von atmosphärischem CH3Cl von ~550 ppbv stellt dies eine große messtechnische Herausforderung dar. Daher liegt der Schwerpunkt dieses Antrags auf der erfolgreichen Entwicklung von Dreifachelement-Isotopenmethoden zur genauen Messung von atmosphärischem CH3Cl.Im ersten Schritt wird ein Probenahmesystem für große Luftmengen konstruiert und für die Messungen der stabilen Isotopenverhältnisse von CH3Cl optimiert. Das Probenahmegerät wird zunächst im Labor getestet und dann zum Sammeln von Luftproben an drei verschiedenen Orten eingesetzt: an der Universität Heidelberg, am Hohenpeißenberg und im Schneefernerhaus. Die Probenahmen werden über einen Zeitraum von einem Jahr durchgeführt, um möglichst auch saisonale Schwankungen zu erfassen. Die Isotopenverhältnisse der Proben werden mit modernsten massenspektrometrischen Methoden im Labor gemessen. Die Ergebnisse aller Standorte und Zeitpunkte werden in der Gesamtheit evaluiert, um die durchschnittlichen stabilen H-, C und Cl-Isotopenwerte einschließlich ihrer saisonalen Schwankungen darzustellen. Abschließend werden die Daten hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit für komplexe numerische Modelle kritisch diskutiert.
The project aims at achieving a better understanding of the processes that drive or limit the response of grassland systems in a world of increasing atmospheric pCO2. We will test the hypothesis that the previously shown increase in below-ground allocation of C under elevated pCO2 provides the necessary energy excess and will stimulate free-living N2 fixers in a low N grassland environment. The project thus aims at assessing the occurrence and importance of free-living N2 fixers under elevated pCO2 and identify the associated microbial communities involved in order to better understand ecosystems response and sustainability of grassland systems. This project had the last opportunity to obtain soil samples from a grassland ecosystem adapted to long-term (10 year) elevated atmospheric pCO2 as the Swiss FACE experiment. The project aims to identify the relevant components of free-living diazotrophs of the microbial community using 15N stable isotope - DNA probing.
Die Börde Puten GmbH beabsichtigt am Standort Langenstein (Harz) die Umnutzung ihrer Putenfarm für die Haltung von Masthähnchen. Gegenwärtig ist die Anlage zur Haltung von 19.000 Truthühnern/Puten genehmigt. Aufgrund der gegebenen Marktsituation und -entwicklung beabsichtigt der Anlagenbetreiber zukünftig die Haltung von 83.950 Masthähn-chen in den drei Ställen, welche die bisher bestehende Haltung von Puten ersetzen soll. Die Ställe werden einseitig (jeweils Nordseite) mit Wintergärten (so genannte Kaltscharräume) ausgerüstet. Zusätzlich wird die Lüftungsanlage aller Ställe so ertüchtigt, dass die Ableitung der Stallabluft über firstverteilte Kamine erfolgt. Während des Mastzeitraumes der Masthühner wird ein Teil der Tiere im Vorfang (nach dem 35. Tag) den Ställen entnommen und vermarktet während die verbleibenden Tiere bis zum Endfang (nach dem 55. Tag) im Stall weiter verbleiben werden.
The data refer to an experiment simulating different frequencies of heatwaves (zero, one and three) in late spring/summer 2015. The experiment was carried out at the Kiel Outdoor Benthocosm (KOB) of GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, located at the Kiel Fjord. The organisms were collected from the mesocosm tanks, stored at -80 °C, dried at 60 °C for at least 48 hours, and ground with agate mortar and pestle. The ground material was subsampled, weighed and placed into tin capsules (3.2 × 4.0 mm, Hekatech, Wegberg, Germany). These samples were analysed with an elemental analyser system (NA 1110, Thermo, Milan, Italy) connected to a temperature-controlled gas chromatography oven (SRI 9300, SRI Instruments, Torrance, CA, USA) and to an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (DeltaPlus Advantage, Thermo Fisher Scientific) as described in Hansen et al. (2009), https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4267.
The data were generated during an experiment simulating different frequencies of heatwaves (zero, one and three) in late spring/summer 2015. The experiment was carried out at the Kiel Outdoor Benthocosm (KOB) of GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, located at the Kiel Fjord. The biomass of filamentous algae was quantified from the most abundant genus occurring inside the tanks, i.e. Ceramium sp. The biomass of Zostera marina and Fucus vesiculosus was estimated from growth rates measurements carried out every 15 days. The biomass of all macrophytes was converted to carbon using specific carbon contents measured concomitantly with stable isotopes (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.966179). Respiration and primary production measurements were carried out on 09.08.2015 for filamentous algae, and on 12.08.2015 for Fucus vesiculosus. To execute these measurements, organisms were kept in gas-tight cylindrical chambers equipped with sensor spots for non-invasive oxygen measurements, which allowed continuous oxygen logging. Throughout the measurements, the chambers were kept inside the KOB tanks to maintain the temperature. The oxygen values were converted to carbon and normalized by the area of the tank (1.53 m2) per day. Note that the data of net primary production and respiration rates of the Z. marina were previously published (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904632). The carbon flux refers to the exports, i.e. biomass that was floating in the tanks, which was considered as carbon leaving (i.e. exported outside of) the system but still usable. The material to quantify the exports was collected every seven days, separated accounting for the contribution of each macrophyte group, dried at 80 °C until the biomass was constant and weighted. The dry weight was converted to carbon using the specific carbon contents measured concomitantly with stable isotopes (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.966179), and normalized by the area of the tank (1.53 m2) per day.
The World Settlement Footprint (WSF) 2019 is a 10m resolution binary mask outlining the extent of human settlements globally derived by means of 2019 multitemporal Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) imagery. Based on the hypothesis that settlements generally show a more stable behavior with respect to most land-cover classes, temporal statistics are calculated for both S1- and S2-based indices. In particular, a comprehensive analysis has been performed by exploiting a number of reference building outlines to identify the most suitable set of temporal features (ultimately including 6 from S1 and 25 from S2). Training points for the settlement and non-settlement class are then generated by thresholding specific features, which varies depending on the 30 climate types of the well-established Köppen Geiger scheme. Next, binary classification based on Random Forest is applied and, finally, a dedicated post-processing is performed where ancillary datasets are employed to further reduce omission and commission errors. Here, the whole classification process has been entirely carried out within the Google Earth Engine platform. To assess the high accuracy and reliability of the WSF2019, two independent crowd-sourcing-based validation exercises have been carried out with the support of Google and Mapswipe, respectively, where overall 1M reference labels have been collected based photointerpretation of very high-resolution optical imagery. Starting backwards from the year 2015 - for which the WSF2015 is used as a reference - settlement and non-settlement training samples for the given target year t are iteratively extracted by applying morphological filtering to the settlement mask derived for the year t+1, as well as excluding potentially mislabeled samples by adaptively thresholding the temporal mean NDBI, MNDWI and NDVI. Finally, binary Random Forest classification in performed. To quantitatively assess the high accuracy and reliability of the dataset, an extensive campaign based on crowdsourcing photointerpretation of very high-resolution airborne and satellite historical imagery has been performed with the support of Google. In particular, for the years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, ~200K reference cells of 30x30m size distributed over 100 sites around the world have been labelled, hence summing up to overall ~1.2M validation samples. It is worth noting that past Landsat-5/7 availability considerably varies across the world and over time. Independently from the implemented approach, this might then result in a lower quality of the final product where few/no scenes have been collected. Accordingly, to provide the users with a suitable and intuitive measure that accounts for the goodness of the Landsat imagery, we conceived the Input Data Consistency (IDC) score, which ranges from 6 to 1 with: 6) very good; 5) good; 4) fair; 3) moderate; 2) low; 1) very low. The IDC score is available on a yearly basis between 1985 and 2015 and supports a proper interpretation of the WSF evolution product. The WSF evolution and IDC score datasets are organized in 5138 GeoTIFF files (EPSG4326 projection) each one referring to a portion of 2x2 degree size (~222x222km) on the ground. WSF evolution values range between 1985 and 2015 corresponding to the estimated year of settlement detection, whereas 0 is no data. A comprehensive publication with all technical details and accuracy figures is currently being finalized. For the time being, please refer to Marconcini et al,. 2021.
Raw data obtained from stable isotope analysis of δ13C and δ15N in beaks of the squids Gonatus fabricii (Lichtenstein, 1818) and Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798) (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida), and primary analyses of these data. Squids sampled in the Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and Nordic Seas (1882-2010) and Iceland, Faroe Islands and Ireland (1844-2023), respectively. The beaks either come from the squids caught as bycatch, or from natural history museums, from stomach contents of predators.
The common periwinkle Littorina littorea is an ecologically important grazer and serves as the first intermediate host for several trematode species in the Baltic Sea, especially for the fluke Cryptocotyle lingua. In this series of experiments and analyses, we tested whether the food sources contributing to the diet and the habitat selection differ depending on the infection status of the periwinkle and the season. (1) A spatial pattern analysis was conducted to investigate the habitat composition and availability of food sources at the study site Möltenort, Kiel Bight (54.37°N, 10.19°E), (2) the habitat choice of the periwinkle was observed in-situ by a mark and recapture experiment, and (3) the composition of the diet of L. littorea (based on stable isotope composition of carbon and nitrogen isotopes) was analysed. All experiments were conducted in spring, summer and autumn.
| Origin | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 491 |
| Europa | 4 |
| Kommune | 44 |
| Land | 283 |
| Wissenschaft | 246 |
| Zivilgesellschaft | 27 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Chemische Verbindung | 4 |
| Daten und Messstellen | 203 |
| Ereignis | 2 |
| Förderprogramm | 419 |
| Taxon | 21 |
| Text | 99 |
| Umweltprüfung | 93 |
| unbekannt | 226 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| geschlossen | 219 |
| offen | 771 |
| unbekannt | 48 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 435 |
| Englisch | 642 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Archiv | 94 |
| Bild | 4 |
| Datei | 98 |
| Dokument | 135 |
| Keine | 449 |
| Unbekannt | 26 |
| Webdienst | 44 |
| Webseite | 248 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 694 |
| Lebewesen und Lebensräume | 751 |
| Luft | 546 |
| Mensch und Umwelt | 1038 |
| Wasser | 656 |
| Weitere | 949 |