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Timeseries of binned benthic stable carbon isotope from ODP Site 162-982,130-807 and ODP Site 162-982

This dataset contains C. wuellerstorfi stable carbon isotope values binned by marine isotope stage from ODP Site 162-807 and ODP Site 162-982 that span the last 4.5 million years (Feng et al. 2022; Venz et al. 1999, 2002; Hodell & Venz-Curtis 2006). This isotope gradient reflects the accumulation of respired and disequilibrium carbon in the deep Pacific ocean relative to the North Atlantic. Also included are binned probstack δ18O (Ahn et al., 2017) and ΔGMST (Clark et al., 2024) values for comparison to the binned stable carbon isotope values.

The iron-snow regime in Fe-FeS cores: a numerical and experimental approach

In the Earth, the dynamo action is strongly linked to core freezing. There is a solid inner core, the growth of which provides a buoyancy flux that drives the dynamo. The buoyancy in this case derives from a difference in composition between the solid inner core and the fluid outer core. In planetary bodies smaller than the Earth, however, this core differentiation process may differ - Fe may precipitate at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) rather than in the center and may fall as iron snow and initially remelt with greater depth. A chemical stable sedimentation zone develops that comprises with time the entire core - at that time a solid inner core starts to grow. The dynamics of this system is not well understood and also whether it can generate a magnetic field or not. The Jovian moon Ganymede, which shows a present-day magnetic dipole field, is a candidate for which such a scenario has been suggested. We plan to study this Fe-snow regime with both a numerical and experimental approach. In the numerical study, we use a 2D/3D thermo-chemical convection model that considers crystallization and sinking of iron crystals together with the dynamics of the liquid core phase (for the 3D case the influence of the rotation of the Fe snow process is further studied).The numerical calculations will be complemented by two series of experiments: (1) investigations in metal alloys by means of X-ray radioscopy, and (2) measurements in transparent analogues by optical techniques. The experiments will examine typical features of the iron snow regime. On the one hand they will serve as a tool to validate the numerical approach and on the other hand they will yield important insight into sub-processes of the iron snow regime, which cannot be accessed within the numerical approach due to their complexity.

Hydrochemistry, carbon dynamics, and calculated pCO2 and CO2 fluxes, and soil-derived natural organic matter characteristics from the White Main, a granitic headwater stream in Germany, 2023-2024

This dataset contains hydrochemical and soil data collected along the first 1.3 km downstream of the White Main spring in northern Bavaria, Germany, from March 2023 to November 2024. Stream water samples were analyzed for in situ parameters, including discharge, water temperature [°C], pH [-], redox potential [mV], and electrical conductivity [µS/cm], as well as laboratory-measured parameters, including major ions and trace metals [mmol/l], alkalinity [mmol/l], dissolved inorganic and organic carbon concentrations (DIC, DOC [mmol/l]), and their stable isotope ratios (δ13CDIC/DOC [‰ VPDB]). In addition, calculated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2 [µatm]) and carbon dioxide fluxes (FCO2 [mmol m⁻² d⁻¹]) are provided for the stream water samples. The dataset also contains laboratory measurements related to soil-derived natural organic matter from acid and base extracts of soil samples, including zeta potential [mV], particle size distribution [%], ultraviolet-visible absorbance (UV-VIS), and fluorescence measurements. UV-VIS absorbance and fluorescence measurements were additionally performed on stream water samples. The datasets were collected to characterize hydrochemistry, carbon concentrations, carbon dioxide dynamics, and soil-derived organic matter properties in a granitic headwater stream and to provide a basis for reuse in studies of headwater biogeochemistry, carbon cycling, and soil-water interactions.

Water isotope values in shore samples collected in March and July 2020 from northeastern German lake systems

Water isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) were analyzed in samples collected in lakes associated to major riverine systems in northeastern Germany throughout 2020. This sub-dataset is derived from water samples collected from lake shores. Samples were taken in March and July 2020 with a pipette from 40-60 cm depth below water surface and directly transferred into a measurement vial. Stable isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. The data give information about the seasonal isotope amplitude in the sampled lakes and about spatial isotope variability in different branches of the associated riverine systems.

Agricultural And Aquaculture Facilities / Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen in Brandenburg

Der Datensatz Agricultural And Aquaculture Facilities / Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen in Brandenburg ist die Datengrundlage der interoperablen INSPIRE-Darstellungs- (WMS) und Downloaddienste (WFS): Tierhaltungsanlagen nach BImSchG in Brandenburg - Interoperabler INSPIRE View-Service (WMS-AF-TIERE) Tierhaltungsanlagen nach BImSchG in Brandenburg - Interoperabler INSPIRE Download-Service (WFS-AF-TIERE) Der Datenbestand beinhaltet die Punktdaten zu den betriebenen Tierhaltungsanlagen aus dem Anlageninformationssystem LIS-A. Die Angaben zu den Anlagen enthalten jeweils den Standort und die genehmigte Leistung. Dabei erfolgte eine sog. Schematransformation und Belegung der INSPIRE-relevanten Attribute. Der Datensatz Agricultural And Aquaculture Facilities / Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen in Brandenburg ist die Datengrundlage der interoperablen INSPIRE-Darstellungs- (WMS) und Downloaddienste (WFS): Tierhaltungsanlagen nach BImSchG in Brandenburg - Interoperabler INSPIRE View-Service (WMS-AF-TIERE) Tierhaltungsanlagen nach BImSchG in Brandenburg - Interoperabler INSPIRE Download-Service (WFS-AF-TIERE) Der Datenbestand beinhaltet die Punktdaten zu den betriebenen Tierhaltungsanlagen aus dem Anlageninformationssystem LIS-A. Die Angaben zu den Anlagen enthalten jeweils den Standort und die genehmigte Leistung. Dabei erfolgte eine sog. Schematransformation und Belegung der INSPIRE-relevanten Attribute. Der Datensatz Agricultural And Aquaculture Facilities / Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen in Brandenburg ist die Datengrundlage der interoperablen INSPIRE-Darstellungs- (WMS) und Downloaddienste (WFS): Tierhaltungsanlagen nach BImSchG in Brandenburg - Interoperabler INSPIRE View-Service (WMS-AF-TIERE) Tierhaltungsanlagen nach BImSchG in Brandenburg - Interoperabler INSPIRE Download-Service (WFS-AF-TIERE) Der Datenbestand beinhaltet die Punktdaten zu den betriebenen Tierhaltungsanlagen aus dem Anlageninformationssystem LIS-A. Die Angaben zu den Anlagen enthalten jeweils den Standort und die genehmigte Leistung. Dabei erfolgte eine sog. Schematransformation und Belegung der INSPIRE-relevanten Attribute.

Carbon concentrations, stable carbon isotopes, calculated pCO2 and CO2 fluxes from the White Main headwater stream, Germany, 2023–2024

This dataset contains laboratory-measured alkalinity, dissolved inorganic and organic carbon concentrations, δ13C values of DIC and DOC, and calculated pCO2, CO2 fluxes, and k600 from stream water samples collected along the White Main headwater stream in northern Bavaria, Germany, from March 2023 to April 2024.

Absolute abundances of methane- and sulfate-cycling microorganisms, pore water gas concentrations and stable carbon isotopes (Table 1)

Soil cores for microbial, dissolved gas concentrations and isotopic analysis were taken using a Russian type peat corer (De Vleeschouwer et al. 2010) before and after rewetting. Each time, we took duplicates at stations 1-8 for this rather labor-intensive process and divided the core into four depth sections: surface, 5–20, 20–40 and 40–50 cm. Subsamples for dissolved gases and stable carbon isotope analyses were taken with tip-cut syringes with a distinct volume of 3 ml (Omnifix, Braun, Bad Arolsen, Germany) and immediately placed into NaCl-saturated vials (20 ml, Agilent Technologies, 5182-0837, Santa Clara, USA) leaving no headspace and closed gas-tight using rubber stoppers and metal crimpers (both: diameter 20 mm, Glasgerätebau Ochs, Bovenden, Germany).

Forschergruppe (FOR) 861: Cross-scale Monitoring: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions, Quantification of functional hydro-biogeochemical indicators in Ecuadorian ecosystems and their reaction on global change

Water is an intrinsic component of ecosystems acting as a key agent of lateral transport for particulate and dissolved nutrients, forcing energy transfers, triggering erosion, and driving biodiversity patterns. Given the drastic impact of land use and climate change on any of these components and the vulnerability of Ecuadorian ecosystems with regard to this global change, indicators are required that not merely describe the structural condition of ecosystems, but rather capture the functional relations and processes. This project aims at investigating a set of such functional indicators from the fields of hydrology and biogeochemistry. In particular we will investigate (1) flow regime and timing, (2) nutrient cycling and flux rates, and (3) sediment fluxes as likely indicators. For assessing flow regime and timing we will concentrate on studying stable water isotopes to estimate mean transit time distributions that are likely to be impacted by changes in rainfall patterns and land use. Hysteresis loops of nitrate concentrations and calculated flux rates will be used as functional indicators for nutrient fluxes, most likely to be altered by changes in temperature as well as by land use and management. Finally, sediment fluxes will be measured to indicate surface runoff contribution to total discharge, mainly influenced by intensity of rainfall as well as land use. Monitoring of (1) will be based on intensive sampling campaigns of stable water isotopes in stream water and precipitation, while for (2) and (3) we plan to install automatic, high temporal-resolution field analytical instruments. Based on the data obtained by this intensive, bust cost effective monitoring, we will develop the functional indicators. This also provides a solid database for process-based model development. Models that are able to simulate these indicators are needed to enable projections into the future and to investigate the resilience of Ecuadorian landscape to global change. For the intended model set up we will couple the Catchment Modeling Framework, the biogeochemical LandscapeDNDC model and semi-empirical models for aquatic diversity. Global change scenarios will then be analyzed to capture the likely reaction of functional indicators. Finally, we will contribute to the written guidelines for developing a comprehensive monitoring program for biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Right from the beginning we will cooperate with four SENESCYT companion projects and three local non-university partners to ensure that the developed monitoring program will be appreciated by locals and stakeholders. Monitoring and modelling will focus on all three research areas in the Páramo (Cajas National Park), the dry forest (Reserva Laipuna) and the tropical montane cloud forest (Reserva Biologica San Francisco).

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1158: Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; Bereich Infrastruktur - Antarktisforschung mit vergleichenden Untersuchungen in arktischen Eisgebieten, Untersuchungen von Änderungen der Klimavariabilität während der letzten 130 000 Jahre basierend auf einem Eisbohrkern von Skytrain Ice Rise, Westantarktis (CliVarSky130)

Die Westantarktis ist eine der Regionen der Erde, die am sensibelsten auf den aktuellen Klimawandel reagiert. Ein Zusammenbruch dieses Eisschildes in einem wärmeren Klima würde dramatische Folgen für den globalen Meeresspiegelanstieg haben. Dabei spielt nicht nur der Anstieg der globalen Mitteltemperatur eine Rolle, sondern in gleichem Maße auch Veränderungen der Klimavariabilität. Diese Veränderungen können das labile westantarktische System an Kipppunkte bringen, die wiederum zu unwiderruflichen eisdynamischen Prozessen führen. Um diese zum Teil abrupten Veränderungen in Zukunft besser einschätzen zu können, müssen diesbezügliche Modellprojektionen auf einer soliden Datenbasis stehen. Paläoklimatische Zeitreihen, in diesem Fall aus Eisbohrkernen, bieten solch eine Datengrundlage. Besonders interessant sind hierbei Zeitreihen, die zurückreichen in das letzte Glazial, oder idealerweise in die davorliegende letzte natürliche Warmzeit (ca. 110 000 - 130 000 Jahre vor heute). Solche langen Zeitreihen aus der Westantarktis sind allerdings bisher nur spärlich vorhanden. Im Rahmen des WACSWAIN Projekts (WArm Climate Stability of the West-Antarctic Ice sheet in the last iNterglacial) wurde kürzlich ein neuer Eiskern auf Skytrain Ice Rise gebohrt, der einen Zeitraum bis 126 000 Jahre vor heute abdeckt. Umfassende kontinuierliche Datensätze der stabilen Wasserisotope, der chemischen Spurenstoffe und der physikalischen Parameter wurden im Rahmen von WACSWAIN erhoben und stehen nun für weitere Analysen zur Verfügung. Außerdem wurden zum ersten Mal parallel zu den kontinuierlichen Messungen ausschnittweise Abschnitte des Kerns mit der ultra-hochauflösenden Methode der Laser Ablation (LA-ICP-MS) auf ihren Spurenstoffgehalt untersucht. Dies erlaubt die Analyse von Veränderungen in bisher nicht verfügbarer Detailliertheit. Das Ziel des hier vorgestellten Projektes ist es diese hochaufgelösten Signale zusammen mit den kontinuierlichen zu nutzen, um die Veränderungen der Klimavariabilität in dieser Region der Westantarktis in beispielloser Genauigkeit für den letzten glazialen Zyklus statistisch zu analysieren. Ein besonderer Fokus wird dabei auf Phasen mit abrupten Änderungen in den Temperatur- und Eisbedeckungsproxies, wie zum Beispiel einem signifikanten Anstieg der marinen Ionenkonzentration und der Wasserisotope im frühen Holozän, liegen. Die statistischen Analysen der vergangenen Klimavariabilität (Varianz, Amplitude, Skalierungsfaktoren) werden im Folgenden genutzt, um die aktuell zu beobachtenden Veränderungen in der Westantarktis besser verstehen zu können. Dies wird zusätzlich unterstützt durch das Testen der wissenschaftlichen Hypothesen über die Ursachen der Veränderungen mittels spezifischer, isotopengetriebener globaler Zirkulationsmodelle, sowie chemischer Transportmodelle atmosphärischer Spurenstoffe. Dieses Projekt wird somit einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis der westantarktischen Klimasystems in der Vergangenheit und Zukunft leisten.

Impact of long-term exposure to elevated pCO2 on activity and populations of free living N2 fixing organisms in a temperate grassland system

The project aims at achieving a better understanding of the processes that drive or limit the response of grassland systems in a world of increasing atmospheric pCO2. We will test the hypothesis that the previously shown increase in below-ground allocation of C under elevated pCO2 provides the necessary energy excess and will stimulate free-living N2 fixers in a low N grassland environment. The project thus aims at assessing the occurrence and importance of free-living N2 fixers under elevated pCO2 and identify the associated microbial communities involved in order to better understand ecosystems response and sustainability of grassland systems. This project had the last opportunity to obtain soil samples from a grassland ecosystem adapted to long-term (10 year) elevated atmospheric pCO2 as the Swiss FACE experiment. The project aims to identify the relevant components of free-living diazotrophs of the microbial community using 15N stable isotope - DNA probing.

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