Urbanization affects ecological communities but urban ecology has mostly focused on large and charismatic species. Water-filled tree holes and other ephemeral small standing waters in cities constitute unique but inconspicuous breeding habitats for a range of insects. Their biodiversity is not well known and how their communities respond to increased urbanization in particular, has rarely been studied. Using a Citizen Science Project, we investigated how urbanization (measured as imperviousness, human population density and altered temperature), additional environmental parameters (pH, electric conductivity) and detritus serving as a food source affected larval insect communities in artificial aquatic microhabitats. We found that these habitats were colonized quickly by a range of insect taxa. Their community abundance, richness and decomposition rates were largely stable across different levels of urbanization. Fine detritus content increased larval abundance. Community composition shifted strongly with urbanization. The most abundant and frequent species in our study, the exotic mosquito species Aedes japonicus, responded negatively to imperviousness. Aquatic microhabitats could be shown to be important habitats for aquatic insects in cities. However, their community composition may change with increased urbanization. As our results showed, exotic species such as mosquitoes may dominate the communities in these habitats. In the case of vector species, high abundances may affect human and animal health via increased pathogen transmission. Therefore, we suggest raising awareness about potential risks of these habitats and possible measures preventing the establishment and spread of harmful species, while still supporting native biodiversity in urban spaces.
Additional reporting obligations in the area of energy efficiency' is a dataset reported by EU Member States and Contracting Parties of the Energy Community under the Governance Regulation. The dataset includes information on reasons why energy consumption is stable or growing per sector, floor area of government buildings not meeting energy performance requirements, number of energy audits carried out in large companies, applied national primary energy factor for electricity, number and floor area of new and renovated nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB), and internet links to lists/interfaces of energy services.
In the Earth, the dynamo action is strongly linked to core freezing. There is a solid inner core, the growth of which provides a buoyancy flux that drives the dynamo. The buoyancy in this case derives from a difference in composition between the solid inner core and the fluid outer core. In planetary bodies smaller than the Earth, however, this core differentiation process may differ - Fe may precipitate at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) rather than in the center and may fall as iron snow and initially remelt with greater depth. A chemical stable sedimentation zone develops that comprises with time the entire core - at that time a solid inner core starts to grow. The dynamics of this system is not well understood and also whether it can generate a magnetic field or not. The Jovian moon Ganymede, which shows a present-day magnetic dipole field, is a candidate for which such a scenario has been suggested. We plan to study this Fe-snow regime with both a numerical and experimental approach. In the numerical study, we use a 2D/3D thermo-chemical convection model that considers crystallization and sinking of iron crystals together with the dynamics of the liquid core phase (for the 3D case the influence of the rotation of the Fe snow process is further studied).The numerical calculations will be complemented by two series of experiments: (1) investigations in metal alloys by means of X-ray radioscopy, and (2) measurements in transparent analogues by optical techniques. The experiments will examine typical features of the iron snow regime. On the one hand they will serve as a tool to validate the numerical approach and on the other hand they will yield important insight into sub-processes of the iron snow regime, which cannot be accessed within the numerical approach due to their complexity.
Background Society aims for a pollutant-free environment, reflected in initiatives under the European Green Deal, which seek to reduce hazardous substances and promote safe, sustainable chemical use. Comprehensive exposure data are needed to identify sources, understand mixtures and eliminate sources of chemical pollution. High-resolution mass spectrometry non-target screening (HRMS NTS) is increasingly used in environmental regulatory context to chemically characterise the environment as completely as possible and retrospectively screen for known and emerging substances. Results This study provides use cases for monitoring and chemicals management with data from the German NTSPortal, a database and visualisation tool for HRMS NTS data from surface water and suspended particulate matter of major German rivers. Its internal spectral library enables substance identification comparable to standardised target analysis, supporting regulatory acceptance of HRMS NTS data for prioritisation and mixture assessment. To demonstrate its potential to research and regulation, we characterised the spatial and temporal distribution of riverine chemical mixtures and present selected use cases relevant to EU environmental, emission, and chemical legislation. Despite pronounced spatial variability, mixture composition based on presence–absence data remained stable over time, with 855 of 1721 substances detected at least once and 247 occurring ubiquitously. Declining trends for regulated substances such as carbendazim and climbazole illustrate the effectiveness of regulatory measures. Overall, the results showed that NTS data repositories can help overcome fragmented exposure information and enable more consistent use of monitoring data across policy areas, including evaluation of the revised Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive and One Health concepts. Conclusions Data from the German NTSPortal enabled a multi-matrix and temporal characterisation of riverine chemical mixtures, revealing both stable mixture compositions over time and persistent, catchment-specific substances. These data facilitated high-resolution mixture assessments across space and time, alongside trend analyses that meet regulatory needs in environmental monitoring and chemical risk assessment. Further temporal, spatial, chemical and matrix-spanning expansion of HRMS NTS repositories will enhance their value for environmental monitoring programmes. Strengthening interoperability, implementing FAIR data principles, and developing advanced tools for prioritisation, quantification and toxicity prediction, including AI-based approaches, will be crucial to fully realise the regulatory potential of NTS portals in the future. © The Author(s) 2026.
This dataset contains diel measurements of alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), d18O values of dissolved oxygen, and calculated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), calculated CO2 fluxes, and calculated gas-transfer velocity (k600) from stream-water samples collected at three sites along the Wiesent karst headwater stream in northern Bavaria, Germany, between 21 and 22 August 2023. Measurements were conducted at 4 h intervals over a 24 h period to assess short-term variability in carbon and oxygen cycling and CO2 evasion.
Time series of stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) were analyzed in water samples taken near the harbour of Kloster (Hiddensee), in biweekly to monthly intervals between March 2020 and March 2021. Water was sampled with a pipette from ca. 0.5 m below water surface and directly transferred into a measurement vial. Isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. Water chemical parameters were measured in-situ with WTW multiparameter measurement devices. The data give information about the seasonal isotope amplitude at the sampled locations and about spatial variability along the transects.
WMS zum Bebauungsplan 060 Steuerung Tierhaltungsanlagen Munderloh 1. Aenderung im originären Datenformat
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen (u. a. Änderung Tierschutzgesetz, Tierwohlkennzeichengesetz, Ferkelkastration, Tierschutz-Nutztierhaltung, Transportzeiten von Nutztieren, Handel mit Tieren im Internet und Printmedien), Vollzug tierschutzrechtlicher Vorschriften, Tierhaltung (u. a. Umsetzung Aktionsplan Schwanzkupieren, Töten männlicher Eintagsküken, Zucht landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Hundediplom Junior, Umsetzung Katzenschutzverordnung, Wildtiere im Zirkus, Überprüfung von Tierbörsen), Schlachten von Tieren, Tierversuche, Transport von Tieren, Fischerei und Jagd, Förderung und Preise im Tierschutz, Tierschutzbeirat, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit; Anlagen: Transportkontrollen, Versuchstierzahlen, Richtlinie für Vergabe des Tierschutzpreises, Mitglieder des Tierschutzbeirats, Jahresbericht Tierschutzbeirat 2018 und 2019
The proposed project examines the nematode fauna at the two field experiments 'Long-term recalcitrant C input' and 'Carbon flow via the herbivore and detrital food chain'. A gradient from resource rich to deeper oligotrophe habitats, i.e. from high to low diverse food webs, is investigated. The impact of resource availability and quality (recalcitrant versus labile) and presence or absence of living plants (rhizosphere versus detritusphere) on the nematode population are assessed. Insight into micro-food web structure is gained by application of the nematode faunal analysis concept, based on the enrichment, structure and channel index. In laboratory model systems carbon flux rates for food web links are determined between bacteria/fungi and their nematode grazers for dominant taxa in the arable field. Further, carbon leakage from plant roots induced by herbivore nematode is studied as link between root and bacterial energy channels. By using 13C/12C stable isotope probing (FA-SIP) fatty acids serve as major carbon currency. Coupling qualitative and quantitative data on nematode field populations, with carbon flow via biomarker fatty acids in microorganisms and grazers will allow to connect microbial and faunal food web, and to directly link nematode functional groups with specific processes in the soil carbon cycle.
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