This study reports a precisely dated pollen record with a 20-year resolution from the varved sediments of Lake Mondsee in the north-eastern European Alps (47°49′N, 13°24′E, 481 m above sea level). The analysed part of core spans the interval between 1500 BCE and 500 CE and allows changes in vegetation composition in relation to climatic changes and human activities in the catchment to be inferred. Intervals of distinct but modest human impact are identified at ca. 1450-1220, 740-490 and 340-190 BCE and from 80 BCE to 180 CE. While the first two intervals are synchronous with prominent salt mining phases during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age at the nearby UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hallstatt, the last two intervals fall within the Late Iron Age and Roman Imperial Era, respectively. Comparison with published records of extreme runoff events obtained from the same sediment core shows that human activities (including agriculture and logging) around Lake Mondsee were low during intervals of high flood frequency as indicated by a higher number of intercalated detrital event layers, but intensified during hydrologically stable intervals. Comparison of the pollen percentages of arboreal taxa with the stable oxygen isotope and potassium ion records of the NGRIP and GISP2 ice cores from Greenland reveals significant positive correlations for Fagus and negative correlations for Betula and Alnus. This underlines the sensitivity of vegetation around Lake Mondsee to temperature fluctuations in the North Atlantic as well as to moisture fluctuations controlled by changes in the intensity of the Siberian High and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) regime.
During a 4-week measurement campaign (ISLAS2022) in March and April 2022, we collected a comprehensive dataset characterizing the atmospheric water vapour and precipitation isotope composition within weather systems in the European Arctic and sub-Arctic. Focusing on an area covering the Nordic Seas and Northern Scandinavia, stable water isotope measurements with cavity ring-down spectrometers (CRDS) were taken from a research aircraft stationed at Kiruna, Sweden; from a Research Vessel going from Tromsø to the western ice edge in Greenland, and from measurements at supersites at Andenes on the Lofoten archipelago, Abisko, and Kiruna. Water vapour and precipitation isotope measurements from different sites and platforms were complemented by additional instrumentation to characterize the atmospheric conditions. Advanced instrumentation included wind LIDAR, ground-based vertical-pointing rain radar, and aerosol measurements at Andenes, two-directional depolarising aerosol LIDAR and horizontal cloud RADAR on the aircraft. Controlled meteorological balloons were launched from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard into cold-air outbreak conditions. Surface precipitation samples were collected from a surface network including Abisko, Andenes, Kiruna, Longyearbyen, Ny-Ålesund, Jan Mayen, Bjørnøya, Tarfala, Ålesund, and Bergen. Surface snow was repeatedly sampled along a detailed transect from Kiruna to Lofoten archipelago. Citizen science snow sampling contributed to distributed surface snow sampling in Northern Scandinavia. All stable water isotope measurements have been calibrated onto the VSMOW-SLAP scale. The data from the ISLAS2022 measurement campaign enables the comprehensive assessment of air mass transformation and water turnover during cold-air outbreak conditions using stable water isotopes as a constraint.
In the Earth, the dynamo action is strongly linked to core freezing. There is a solid inner core, the growth of which provides a buoyancy flux that drives the dynamo. The buoyancy in this case derives from a difference in composition between the solid inner core and the fluid outer core. In planetary bodies smaller than the Earth, however, this core differentiation process may differ - Fe may precipitate at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) rather than in the center and may fall as iron snow and initially remelt with greater depth. A chemical stable sedimentation zone develops that comprises with time the entire core - at that time a solid inner core starts to grow. The dynamics of this system is not well understood and also whether it can generate a magnetic field or not. The Jovian moon Ganymede, which shows a present-day magnetic dipole field, is a candidate for which such a scenario has been suggested. We plan to study this Fe-snow regime with both a numerical and experimental approach. In the numerical study, we use a 2D/3D thermo-chemical convection model that considers crystallization and sinking of iron crystals together with the dynamics of the liquid core phase (for the 3D case the influence of the rotation of the Fe snow process is further studied).The numerical calculations will be complemented by two series of experiments: (1) investigations in metal alloys by means of X-ray radioscopy, and (2) measurements in transparent analogues by optical techniques. The experiments will examine typical features of the iron snow regime. On the one hand they will serve as a tool to validate the numerical approach and on the other hand they will yield important insight into sub-processes of the iron snow regime, which cannot be accessed within the numerical approach due to their complexity.
This dataset contains dissolved inorganic/organic carbon (DIC/DOC) concentrations, its stable isotope ratios (δ13CDIC/DOC), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the water column pCO₂(aq) (pCO2(aq)) and area-integrated CO₂ emission rates derived from flux calculations (FCO2; g C d⁻¹), along with corresponding parameters (temperature, pH, calcium, bicarbonate) collected from the Danube River and its key tributaries during five seasonal sampling campaigns in 2023 and 2024. Water samples were collected using a weighted 2 L sampling bottle submerged 1–2 meters below the surface, with sampling conducted from the river center via bridges or passenger boats, and occasionally from the riverbank. In situ temperature measurements were taken with a multiparameter instrument (HQ40d, HACH™, Loveland, CO, USA). δ13ODIC/DOC was analyzed using a OI Analytical Aurora 1030W-IRMS. This dataset is providing valuable insights into carbon dynamics in a large river system and support investigations of biogeochemical cycling. It further can inform ecosystem management and conservation strategies under changing environmental conditions.
Additional reporting obligations in the area of energy efficiency' is a dataset reported by EU Member States and Contracting Parties of the Energy Community under the Governance Regulation. The dataset includes information on reasons why energy consumption is stable or growing per sector, floor area of government buildings not meeting energy performance requirements, number of energy audits carried out in large companies, applied national primary energy factor for electricity, number and floor area of new and renovated nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB), and internet links to lists/interfaces of energy services.
In hydrology, the relationship between water storage and flow is still fundamental in characterizing and modeling hydrological systems. However, this simplification neglects important aspects of the variability of the hydrological system, such as stable or instable states, tipping points, connectivity, etc. and influences the predictability of hydrological systems, both for extreme events as well as long-term changes. We still lack appropriate data to develop theory linking internal pattern dynamics and integral responses and therefore to identify functionally similar hydrological areas and link this to structural features. We plan to investigate the similarities and differences of the dynamic patterns of state variables and the integral response in replicas of distinct landscape units. A strategic and systematic monitoring network is planned in this project, which contributes the essential dynamic datasets to the research group to characterize EFUs and DFUs and thus significantly improving the usual approach of subdividing the landscape into static entities such as the traditional HRUs. The planned monitoring network is unique and highly innovative in its linkage of surface and subsurface observations and its spatial and temporal resolution and the centerpiece of CAOS.
Der Datensatz Agricultural And Aquaculture Facilities / Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen in Brandenburg ist die Datengrundlage der interoperablen INSPIRE-Darstellungs- (WMS) und Downloaddienste (WFS): Tierhaltungsanlagen nach BImSchG in Brandenburg - Interoperabler INSPIRE View-Service (WMS-AF-TIERE) Tierhaltungsanlagen nach BImSchG in Brandenburg - Interoperabler INSPIRE Download-Service (WFS-AF-TIERE) Der Datenbestand beinhaltet die Punktdaten zu den betriebenen Tierhaltungsanlagen aus dem Anlageninformationssystem LIS-A. Die Angaben zu den Anlagen enthalten jeweils den Standort und die genehmigte Leistung. Dabei erfolgte eine sog. Schematransformation und Belegung der INSPIRE-relevanten Attribute. Der Datensatz Agricultural And Aquaculture Facilities / Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen in Brandenburg ist die Datengrundlage der interoperablen INSPIRE-Darstellungs- (WMS) und Downloaddienste (WFS): Tierhaltungsanlagen nach BImSchG in Brandenburg - Interoperabler INSPIRE View-Service (WMS-AF-TIERE) Tierhaltungsanlagen nach BImSchG in Brandenburg - Interoperabler INSPIRE Download-Service (WFS-AF-TIERE) Der Datenbestand beinhaltet die Punktdaten zu den betriebenen Tierhaltungsanlagen aus dem Anlageninformationssystem LIS-A. Die Angaben zu den Anlagen enthalten jeweils den Standort und die genehmigte Leistung. Dabei erfolgte eine sog. Schematransformation und Belegung der INSPIRE-relevanten Attribute.
Der Datensatz beinhaltet Informationen zu Landwirtschaftlichen Anlagen im Freistaat Sachsen. Dargestellt werden Daten zu Tierhaltungsanlagen.
Variations in the strength of arctic freshwater export via the East Greenland Current (EGC) can affect thermohaline circulation and the strength of the Subpolar Gyre and, therefore, can modulate the northward heat transport in the North Atlantic Ocean. To assess the role of the EGC in the mid to late Holocene North Atlantic climate variability, its palaeoceanographic history and spatial extent will be studied at three key sites; two sites in the EGC core (Foster Bugt and Nansen Trough) and one site in the Subpolar Front area (SPF; Reykjanes Ridge). For the first time, palaeoceanographic data sets, spanning the last 6000 years, for the EGC core will be produced at a multi-decadal to centennial time scale. A multi-proxy approach, combining foraminifera, diatom, dinoflagellate as well as stable isotope, trace element (Mg/Ca) and IP25 analyses on the same sample set will be performed in close collaboration with national and international project partners. The proposed reconstructions will be linked to marine and terrestrial high-resolution studies from the North Atlantic Drift, the West Greenland Current, the Fram Strait, the Baltic Sea and continental Europe, in order to investigate the timing (in-phase/out-of-phase) of mid to late Holocene climatic oscillations in the different regions. Reconstructing the role of the EGC at high resolution will increase our understanding of trigger mechanisms underlying natural mid to late Holocene climate variability in the North Atlantic region.
Time series of stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) were analyzed in water samples collected near the A. P. Møller Skolen, Schleswig (Kleine Breite, Schlei), in biweekly to monthly intervals between March 2020 and March 2021. Water was sampled with a pipette from ca. 0.5 m below water surface and directly transferred into a measurement vial. Isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. Water chemical parameters were measured in-situ with a modular WTW 3440 multiparameter devices and regularly calibrated conductivity cells (MPP 930 IDS, TetraCon® 925-P). The data give information about the seasonal isotope amplitude at the sampled locations and about spatial variability along the transects.
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