This study reports a precisely dated pollen record with a 20-year resolution from the varved sediments of Lake Mondsee in the north-eastern European Alps (47°49′N, 13°24′E, 481 m above sea level). The analysed part of core spans the interval between 1500 BCE and 500 CE and allows changes in vegetation composition in relation to climatic changes and human activities in the catchment to be inferred. Intervals of distinct but modest human impact are identified at ca. 1450-1220, 740-490 and 340-190 BCE and from 80 BCE to 180 CE. While the first two intervals are synchronous with prominent salt mining phases during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age at the nearby UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hallstatt, the last two intervals fall within the Late Iron Age and Roman Imperial Era, respectively. Comparison with published records of extreme runoff events obtained from the same sediment core shows that human activities (including agriculture and logging) around Lake Mondsee were low during intervals of high flood frequency as indicated by a higher number of intercalated detrital event layers, but intensified during hydrologically stable intervals. Comparison of the pollen percentages of arboreal taxa with the stable oxygen isotope and potassium ion records of the NGRIP and GISP2 ice cores from Greenland reveals significant positive correlations for Fagus and negative correlations for Betula and Alnus. This underlines the sensitivity of vegetation around Lake Mondsee to temperature fluctuations in the North Atlantic as well as to moisture fluctuations controlled by changes in the intensity of the Siberian High and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) regime.
During a 4-week measurement campaign (ISLAS2022) in March and April 2022, we collected a comprehensive dataset characterizing the atmospheric water vapour and precipitation isotope composition within weather systems in the European Arctic and sub-Arctic. Focusing on an area covering the Nordic Seas and Northern Scandinavia, stable water isotope measurements with cavity ring-down spectrometers (CRDS) were taken from a research aircraft stationed at Kiruna, Sweden; from a Research Vessel going from Tromsø to the western ice edge in Greenland, and from measurements at supersites at Andenes on the Lofoten archipelago, Abisko, and Kiruna. Water vapour and precipitation isotope measurements from different sites and platforms were complemented by additional instrumentation to characterize the atmospheric conditions. Advanced instrumentation included wind LIDAR, ground-based vertical-pointing rain radar, and aerosol measurements at Andenes, two-directional depolarising aerosol LIDAR and horizontal cloud RADAR on the aircraft. Controlled meteorological balloons were launched from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard into cold-air outbreak conditions. Surface precipitation samples were collected from a surface network including Abisko, Andenes, Kiruna, Longyearbyen, Ny-Ålesund, Jan Mayen, Bjørnøya, Tarfala, Ålesund, and Bergen. Surface snow was repeatedly sampled along a detailed transect from Kiruna to Lofoten archipelago. Citizen science snow sampling contributed to distributed surface snow sampling in Northern Scandinavia. All stable water isotope measurements have been calibrated onto the VSMOW-SLAP scale. The data from the ISLAS2022 measurement campaign enables the comprehensive assessment of air mass transformation and water turnover during cold-air outbreak conditions using stable water isotopes as a constraint.
In the Earth, the dynamo action is strongly linked to core freezing. There is a solid inner core, the growth of which provides a buoyancy flux that drives the dynamo. The buoyancy in this case derives from a difference in composition between the solid inner core and the fluid outer core. In planetary bodies smaller than the Earth, however, this core differentiation process may differ - Fe may precipitate at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) rather than in the center and may fall as iron snow and initially remelt with greater depth. A chemical stable sedimentation zone develops that comprises with time the entire core - at that time a solid inner core starts to grow. The dynamics of this system is not well understood and also whether it can generate a magnetic field or not. The Jovian moon Ganymede, which shows a present-day magnetic dipole field, is a candidate for which such a scenario has been suggested. We plan to study this Fe-snow regime with both a numerical and experimental approach. In the numerical study, we use a 2D/3D thermo-chemical convection model that considers crystallization and sinking of iron crystals together with the dynamics of the liquid core phase (for the 3D case the influence of the rotation of the Fe snow process is further studied).The numerical calculations will be complemented by two series of experiments: (1) investigations in metal alloys by means of X-ray radioscopy, and (2) measurements in transparent analogues by optical techniques. The experiments will examine typical features of the iron snow regime. On the one hand they will serve as a tool to validate the numerical approach and on the other hand they will yield important insight into sub-processes of the iron snow regime, which cannot be accessed within the numerical approach due to their complexity.
Water isotopes (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) were analyzed in samples from lakes and rivers in eastern Germany. This sub-dataset is derived from water samples collected from lake and river shores. Seasonal samples were collected in March, July, October 2022, and in March 2023, with a plastic syringe from 20-50 cm depth below water surface and directly filtered and transferred into a measurement vial. Stable isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. Measurement uncertainty was quantified to <0.5 ‰ for δ²H and <0.2 ‰ for δ¹⁸O. Water chemical parameters were determined in-situ with a portable WTW-multiparameter probe. The data give information about the seasonal isotope amplitude at the sampled spots and about spatial isotope variability in different branches of the associated river systems.
The biogeochemical interface (BGI) in this project is defined as the organo-mineral surface of soil particles colonized by microorganisms. In the preceding project it was demonstrated that the different soil particle size fractions were associated with specifically structured microbial communities, a characteristic amount of soil organic carbon, and a specific capacity for adsorption of the organic chemicals phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol, respectively. While the diversity of the microbial community was responsive to fertilization-determined additional organic soil carbon in the larger particle size fractions, it was unaffected in clay. Stable isotope probing with 13C-labelled phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol revealed that the soil organic carbon in the BGIs also affected the diversity of microorganisms involved in the degradation of these chemicals. All these results are yet only based on studying one soil with three organic carbon variants (Bad Lauchstädt) and only two organic compounds. The objective of this 2nd phase project is to apply the innovative technology developed in the 1st phase for studying the BGI processes with soil organic carbon variants from another soil (Ultuna, SPP 1315 site) and with the chiralic anilide Fungicide metalaxyl as an additional compound. This 2nd phase SPP 1315 project will also, in a collaborative effort with two other SPP 1315 partners, investigate (1) the importance of BGIs for the entantio-selective degradation of metalaxyl and (2) the role of soil microorganisms in the formation of bound residues, respectively. Furthermore, the project will utilize stable isotope probing and next-generation DNA sequencing to link the structural and functional diversity of the microbial communities responsible for metabolism of organic chemicals in the different BGIs determined by particle size fractions and soil organic carbon variants.
Water isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) were analyzed in samples collected in lakes associated to major riverine systems in northeastern Germany throughout 2020. This sub-dataset is derived from water samples collected from lake shores. Samples were taken in March and July 2020 with a pipette from 40-60 cm depth below water surface and directly transferred into a measurement vial. Stable isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. The data give information about the seasonal isotope amplitude in the sampled lakes and about spatial isotope variability in different branches of the associated riverine systems.
Der interoperable INSPIRE-Downloaddienst (WFS) Agricultural and Aquaculture Facilities gibt einen Überblick über die Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen im Land Brandenburg. Der Datensatz umfasst Geflügel, Rinder, Kälber, Schweine und gemischte Bestände. Die Datenquelle ist das Anlageninformationssystem LIS-A. Gemäß der INSPIRE-Datenspezifikation Agricultural and Aquaculture Facilities (D2.8.III.9_v3.0) liegen die Inhalte INSPIRE-konform vor. Der WFS beinhaltet die FeatureTypes Holding und Site.
This dataset contains hydrochemical and soil data collected along the first 1.3 km downstream of the White Main spring in northern Bavaria, Germany, from March 2023 to November 2024. Stream water samples were analyzed for in situ parameters, including discharge, water temperature [°C], pH [-], redox potential [mV], and electrical conductivity [µS/cm], as well as laboratory-measured parameters, including major ions and trace metals [mmol/l], alkalinity [mmol/l], dissolved inorganic and organic carbon concentrations (DIC, DOC [mmol/l]), and their stable isotope ratios (δ13CDIC/DOC [‰ VPDB]). In addition, calculated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2 [µatm]) and carbon dioxide fluxes (FCO2 [mmol m⁻² d⁻¹]) are provided for the stream water samples. The dataset also contains laboratory measurements related to soil-derived natural organic matter from acid and base extracts of soil samples, including zeta potential [mV], particle size distribution [%], ultraviolet-visible absorbance (UV-VIS), and fluorescence measurements. UV-VIS absorbance and fluorescence measurements were additionally performed on stream water samples. The datasets were collected to characterize hydrochemistry, carbon concentrations, carbon dioxide dynamics, and soil-derived organic matter properties in a granitic headwater stream and to provide a basis for reuse in studies of headwater biogeochemistry, carbon cycling, and soil-water interactions.
The 11.8 m-long composite sediment record from the hardwater lake of Sacrower See, located near the city of Potsdam (north-eastern Germany), has been characterised by a range of analytical techniques. These include magnetic susceptibility, chemical parameters (XRF core scanning, CNS analysis, biogenic silica) and stable isotopes (13C, 15N). The chronology covers the entire Holocene and the concluding Lateglacial (Alleröd, Younger Dryas) and is based on age-depth modelling using radiocarbon dates refined by the onset of the local varve chronology in 1870 CE (Lüder et al., 2006) and by the Laacher See Tephra, an isochrone dated to 13,000 cal. BP. It offers a detailed environmental reconstruction providing insights into depositional processes influenced by both natural climatic variations and human activities (Enters et al., 2009; Kirilova et al., 2009). The Lateglacial and Early Holocene are distinguished by the stabilisation of natural landscapes characterised by the presence of pine-birch (Alleröd) and mixed oak forests (Early Holocene). This development was interrupted by the climatic deterioration of the Younger Dryas, which resulted in a destabilisation of vegetation and increased natural soil erosion. It is evident that, for the first time around 5500 cal. BP, anthropogenic forest clearing became a factor, which subsequently led to increasing cultural soil erosion further accelerating during the Bronze Age (3600-3200 cal. BP), the Early Iron Age (2800-2600 cal. BP) and the Middle Ages (900-600 cal. BP). In the course of industrialisation since the 19th century, human impact underwent a transition from the destabilisation of soils to the phenomenon of eutrophication. This transition resulted in the occurrence of hypolimnetic anoxia, accompanied by the formation of carbonaceous varves.
This study examines characteristics of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and partial pressures of CO2 characteristics (pCO2) in the source springs and headwaters of four karstic watersheds, via dissolved inorganic carbon concentration and stable carbon isotope measurements. All four spring sources are located in Southern Germany and were measured for water chemistry and stable isotopes with nearby headwater stream points, which were located up to 100 m downstream of the discharge points. Seasonal sampling covered winter, spring, summer, and autumn in 2018.
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