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Results of palynological analysis from 2020 of the varved MO-05 core from Lake Mondsee (Austria) section (249-526 cm)

This study reports a precisely dated pollen record with a 20-year resolution from the varved sediments of Lake Mondsee in the north-eastern European Alps (47°49′N, 13°24′E, 481 m above sea level). The analysed part of core spans the interval between 1500 BCE and 500 CE and allows changes in vegetation composition in relation to climatic changes and human activities in the catchment to be inferred. Intervals of distinct but modest human impact are identified at ca. 1450-1220, 740-490 and 340-190 BCE and from 80 BCE to 180 CE. While the first two intervals are synchronous with prominent salt mining phases during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age at the nearby UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hallstatt, the last two intervals fall within the Late Iron Age and Roman Imperial Era, respectively. Comparison with published records of extreme runoff events obtained from the same sediment core shows that human activities (including agriculture and logging) around Lake Mondsee were low during intervals of high flood frequency as indicated by a higher number of intercalated detrital event layers, but intensified during hydrologically stable intervals. Comparison of the pollen percentages of arboreal taxa with the stable oxygen isotope and potassium ion records of the NGRIP and GISP2 ice cores from Greenland reveals significant positive correlations for Fagus and negative correlations for Betula and Alnus. This underlines the sensitivity of vegetation around Lake Mondsee to temperature fluctuations in the North Atlantic as well as to moisture fluctuations controlled by changes in the intensity of the Siberian High and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) regime.

The iron-snow regime in Fe-FeS cores: a numerical and experimental approach

In the Earth, the dynamo action is strongly linked to core freezing. There is a solid inner core, the growth of which provides a buoyancy flux that drives the dynamo. The buoyancy in this case derives from a difference in composition between the solid inner core and the fluid outer core. In planetary bodies smaller than the Earth, however, this core differentiation process may differ - Fe may precipitate at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) rather than in the center and may fall as iron snow and initially remelt with greater depth. A chemical stable sedimentation zone develops that comprises with time the entire core - at that time a solid inner core starts to grow. The dynamics of this system is not well understood and also whether it can generate a magnetic field or not. The Jovian moon Ganymede, which shows a present-day magnetic dipole field, is a candidate for which such a scenario has been suggested. We plan to study this Fe-snow regime with both a numerical and experimental approach. In the numerical study, we use a 2D/3D thermo-chemical convection model that considers crystallization and sinking of iron crystals together with the dynamics of the liquid core phase (for the 3D case the influence of the rotation of the Fe snow process is further studied).The numerical calculations will be complemented by two series of experiments: (1) investigations in metal alloys by means of X-ray radioscopy, and (2) measurements in transparent analogues by optical techniques. The experiments will examine typical features of the iron snow regime. On the one hand they will serve as a tool to validate the numerical approach and on the other hand they will yield important insight into sub-processes of the iron snow regime, which cannot be accessed within the numerical approach due to their complexity.

Seasonal water isotope values in eastern German lakes and rivers (Spree, Dahme, Elster and Mulde systems) in March, July, October 2022, and March 2023

Water isotopes (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) were analyzed in samples from lakes and rivers in eastern Germany. This sub-dataset is derived from water samples collected from lake and river shores. Seasonal samples were collected in March, July, October 2022, and in March 2023, with a plastic syringe from 20-50 cm depth below water surface and directly filtered and transferred into a measurement vial. Stable isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. Measurement uncertainty was quantified to <0.5 ‰ for δ²H and <0.2 ‰ for δ¹⁸O. Water chemical parameters were determined in-situ with a portable WTW-multiparameter probe. The data give information about the seasonal isotope amplitude at the sampled spots and about spatial isotope variability in different branches of the associated river systems.

Forschergruppe (FOR) 861: Cross-scale Monitoring: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions, Quantification of functional hydro-biogeochemical indicators in Ecuadorian ecosystems and their reaction on global change

Water is an intrinsic component of ecosystems acting as a key agent of lateral transport for particulate and dissolved nutrients, forcing energy transfers, triggering erosion, and driving biodiversity patterns. Given the drastic impact of land use and climate change on any of these components and the vulnerability of Ecuadorian ecosystems with regard to this global change, indicators are required that not merely describe the structural condition of ecosystems, but rather capture the functional relations and processes. This project aims at investigating a set of such functional indicators from the fields of hydrology and biogeochemistry. In particular we will investigate (1) flow regime and timing, (2) nutrient cycling and flux rates, and (3) sediment fluxes as likely indicators. For assessing flow regime and timing we will concentrate on studying stable water isotopes to estimate mean transit time distributions that are likely to be impacted by changes in rainfall patterns and land use. Hysteresis loops of nitrate concentrations and calculated flux rates will be used as functional indicators for nutrient fluxes, most likely to be altered by changes in temperature as well as by land use and management. Finally, sediment fluxes will be measured to indicate surface runoff contribution to total discharge, mainly influenced by intensity of rainfall as well as land use. Monitoring of (1) will be based on intensive sampling campaigns of stable water isotopes in stream water and precipitation, while for (2) and (3) we plan to install automatic, high temporal-resolution field analytical instruments. Based on the data obtained by this intensive, bust cost effective monitoring, we will develop the functional indicators. This also provides a solid database for process-based model development. Models that are able to simulate these indicators are needed to enable projections into the future and to investigate the resilience of Ecuadorian landscape to global change. For the intended model set up we will couple the Catchment Modeling Framework, the biogeochemical LandscapeDNDC model and semi-empirical models for aquatic diversity. Global change scenarios will then be analyzed to capture the likely reaction of functional indicators. Finally, we will contribute to the written guidelines for developing a comprehensive monitoring program for biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Right from the beginning we will cooperate with four SENESCYT companion projects and three local non-university partners to ensure that the developed monitoring program will be appreciated by locals and stakeholders. Monitoring and modelling will focus on all three research areas in the Páramo (Cajas National Park), the dry forest (Reserva Laipuna) and the tropical montane cloud forest (Reserva Biologica San Francisco).

Geochemical parameters in peat depth profiles from ombrotrophic bogs in North and Central Europe. Pichlmaier Moor, Austria

This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).

Physical and chemical parameters of sediment core SAC05 from Sacrower See (NE Germany) provide a robust reconstruction of climate change and human impact since 13,000 cal. BP

The 11.8 m-long composite sediment record from the hardwater lake of Sacrower See, located near the city of Potsdam (north-eastern Germany), has been characterised by a range of analytical techniques. These include magnetic susceptibility, chemical parameters (XRF core scanning, CNS analysis, biogenic silica) and stable isotopes (13C, 15N). The chronology covers the entire Holocene and the concluding Lateglacial (Alleröd, Younger Dryas) and is based on age-depth modelling using radiocarbon dates refined by the onset of the local varve chronology in 1870 CE (Lüder et al., 2006) and by the Laacher See Tephra, an isochrone dated to 13,000 cal. BP. It offers a detailed environmental reconstruction providing insights into depositional processes influenced by both natural climatic variations and human activities (Enters et al., 2009; Kirilova et al., 2009). The Lateglacial and Early Holocene are distinguished by the stabilisation of natural landscapes characterised by the presence of pine-birch (Alleröd) and mixed oak forests (Early Holocene). This development was interrupted by the climatic deterioration of the Younger Dryas, which resulted in a destabilisation of vegetation and increased natural soil erosion. It is evident that, for the first time around 5500 cal. BP, anthropogenic forest clearing became a factor, which subsequently led to increasing cultural soil erosion further accelerating during the Bronze Age (3600-3200 cal. BP), the Early Iron Age (2800-2600 cal. BP) and the Middle Ages (900-600 cal. BP). In the course of industrialisation since the 19th century, human impact underwent a transition from the destabilisation of soils to the phenomenon of eutrophication. This transition resulted in the occurrence of hypolimnetic anoxia, accompanied by the formation of carbonaceous varves.

Repository der KI-Ideenwerkstatt: faszination_naechtlicher_vogelzug

# Faszination Nächtlicher Vogelzug A web component for visualizing migratory bird detections on an interactive map. Built with React, MapLibre GL, and the BirdWeather GraphQL API. Designed for embedding into CMS platforms like Contao. ## Tech Stack - **React 19** + **TypeScript** (Vite) - **MapLibre GL** -- WebGL map rendering (Stadia Maps dark theme) - **Supercluster** -- per-species spatial clustering - **Apollo Client 4** -- GraphQL data fetching with caching - **GraphQL Code Generation** -- type-safe queries from BirdWeather schema - **SunCalc** -- astronomical day/night calculations - **Tailwind CSS 4** + **Ant Design 6** -- UI - **Vitest** -- testing ## Features - **Interactive map** with color-coded detection clusters per species - **Timeline animation** with autoplay, step controls, and throttled slider - **Night-only mode** that compresses inactive daytime hours using SunCalc sunrise/sunset calculations - **Day/night overlay** showing the terminator (day/night boundary) as a real-time GeoJSON polygon - **Species search** with autocomplete and availability checking per map viewport - **Supplementary layers** (light pollution, noise mapping via WMS) - **Web component** (`<zug-birdnet>`) for CMS embedding without routing ## Project Structure ``` src/ main.tsx Web component registration App.tsx Root component, species selection state api/ fragments.ts GraphQL fragments (DetectionItem, SpeciesItem) queries.ts GraphQL queries (detections, species, search) useDetections.ts Detection fetch hook with prefetching components/ DatesProvider.tsx Time state context (date range, animation, night mode) MapProvider.tsx MapLibre GL instance context SpeciesDropdown.tsx Species selection with search autocomplete Timeline.tsx Date picker, animation slider, playback controls LayersDropdown.tsx Toggle info layers (light pollution, noise) InfoPopup.tsx Map info marker popups map/ Map.tsx MapLibre GL initialization and rendering clusterUtils.ts Per-species Supercluster index creation colorUtils.ts MapLibre paint expression builder mapStyles.ts Map layer definitions usePersistentColors.ts Stable color assignment per species infopoints.ts Static info marker data lib/ apollo-client.ts Apollo Client with cache type policies buildAvailableSpeciesQuery.ts Dynamic aliased query generation getDayPolygon.ts Day/night terminator polygon calculation getTranslatedSpeciesName.ts i18n species name lookup isNotNull.ts, hasNonNullProp.ts Type guard utilities throttle.ts Throttle utility gql/ Auto-generated GraphQL types (do not edit) ``` ## Architecture Three React context providers compose the application: ``` ApolloProvider GraphQL caching and data fetching DatesProvider Date range, animation state, night-only time segments MapProvider MapLibre GL map instance App Species selection, filtered detections, color mapping ``` **Data flow:** Apollo fetches detections for the current bounding box and date range. Detections are filtered client-side by the visualisation time window (controlled by the timeline slider). Each species gets its own Supercluster index for independent color-coded clustering. Cluster features are rendered via MapLibre GL layers with dynamic `match` paint expressions. **GraphQL:** Queries and fragments are defined in `src/api/` and typed via `@graphql-codegen/client-preset`. Run `npm run codegen` after schema changes to regenerate `src/gql/`. ## Development ```sh npm install npm run dev ``` The dev server uses a self-signed SSL certificate via `@vitejs/plugin-basic-ssl`. Accept the browser warning on first visit. Other commands: ```sh npm run build # Production build npm run test # Run tests npm run lint # ESLint npm run codegen # Regenerate GraphQL types ``` ## Build & Integration Run `npm run build` to produce the `dist/` folder. The build outputs stable filenames (no hashes) and splits vendor dependencies into separate chunks for caching: ``` dist/ index.html assets/ index.css App styles (Tailwind + Ant Design) index.js Application code, React, Supercluster, dayjs, SunCalc maplibre.js MapLibre GL antd.js Ant Design + icons apollo.js Apollo Client + graphql ``` Only `index.js` changes on application updates. Vendor chunks are cache-stable between deploys. To embed the web component, include the built CSS and JS, then use the custom element: ```html <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/index.css"> <script type="module" src="/assets/index.js"></script> <zug-birdnet></zug-birdnet> ``` No routing. The component is self-contained and can be placed anywhere on the page. Third-party CMS integration (e.g., Contao) only needs to include the built assets and the custom element tag. ## Configuration App-level settings are in `src/config.ts`: | Option | Default | Description | |---|---|---| | `SHOW_DEMO_INFOPOINTS` | `false` | Show static info markers on the map (demo/development only) |

Tierschutzbericht 2016/2017

Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen (u. a. Haltung von Sauen im Kastenstand, Verbot ganzjähiger Anbindehaltung von Rindern, Verbandsklage Tierschutz), Vollzug tierschutzrechtlicher Vorschriften, Tierhaltung (u. a. Amputations-Kürzen der Schwänze von Schweinen, Wildtiere im Zirkus, Kastrieren männlicher Ferkel, Enthornung von Kälbern, Taubenvergrämung), Eigenkontrollen - Tierschutzindikatoren (u. a. Qualzucht), Hundeführerschein junior, Transport von Tieren, Töten und Schlachten von Tieren (u. a. Schächten, Verfütterung lebender Futtertiere, Hahnenköpfen), Fischerei, Tierversuche, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (u. a. Tierschutzpreis), Tierschutzbeirat; Anlagen: Transportkontrollen, Versuchstierzahlen, Richtlinie für Vergabe des Tierschutzpreises, Mitglieder des Tierschutzbeirats, Jahresbericht Tierschutzbeirat 2016 und 2017

Can the resistance and resilience of trees to drought be increased through thinning to adapt forests to climate change?

Recent and predicted increases in extremely dry and hot summers emphasise the need for silvicultural approaches to increase the drought tolerance of existing forests in the short-term, before adaptation through species changes may be possible. We aim to investigate whether resistance during droughts, as well as the recovery following drought events (resilience), can be increased by allocating more growing space to individual trees through thinning. Thinning increases access of promoted trees to soil stored water, as long as this is available. However, these trees may also be disadvantaged through a higher transpirational surface, or the increased neighbourhood competition by ground vegetation. To assess whether trees with different growing space differ in drought tolerance, tree discs and cores from thinning experiments of Pinus sylvestris and Pseudotsuga menziesii stands will be used to examine transpirational stress and growth reduction during previous droughts as well as their subsequent recovery. Dendroecology and stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in tree-rings will be used to quantify how assimilation rate and stomatal conductance were altered through thinning. The results will provide crucial information for the development of short-term silvicultural adaptation strategies to adapt forest ecosystems to climate change. In addition, this study will improve our understanding of the relationship between resistance and resilience of trees in relation to extreme stress events.

Water isotope values in shore samples collected in March and July 2020 from northeastern German lake systems

Water isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) were analyzed in samples collected in lakes associated to major riverine systems in northeastern Germany throughout 2020. This sub-dataset is derived from water samples collected from lake shores. Samples were taken in March and July 2020 with a pipette from 40-60 cm depth below water surface and directly transferred into a measurement vial. Stable isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. The data give information about the seasonal isotope amplitude in the sampled lakes and about spatial isotope variability in different branches of the associated riverine systems.

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