This study reports a precisely dated pollen record with a 20-year resolution from the varved sediments of Lake Mondsee in the north-eastern European Alps (47°49′N, 13°24′E, 481 m above sea level). The analysed part of core spans the interval between 1500 BCE and 500 CE and allows changes in vegetation composition in relation to climatic changes and human activities in the catchment to be inferred. Intervals of distinct but modest human impact are identified at ca. 1450-1220, 740-490 and 340-190 BCE and from 80 BCE to 180 CE. While the first two intervals are synchronous with prominent salt mining phases during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age at the nearby UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hallstatt, the last two intervals fall within the Late Iron Age and Roman Imperial Era, respectively. Comparison with published records of extreme runoff events obtained from the same sediment core shows that human activities (including agriculture and logging) around Lake Mondsee were low during intervals of high flood frequency as indicated by a higher number of intercalated detrital event layers, but intensified during hydrologically stable intervals. Comparison of the pollen percentages of arboreal taxa with the stable oxygen isotope and potassium ion records of the NGRIP and GISP2 ice cores from Greenland reveals significant positive correlations for Fagus and negative correlations for Betula and Alnus. This underlines the sensitivity of vegetation around Lake Mondsee to temperature fluctuations in the North Atlantic as well as to moisture fluctuations controlled by changes in the intensity of the Siberian High and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) regime.
During a 4-week measurement campaign (ISLAS2022) in March and April 2022, we collected a comprehensive dataset characterizing the atmospheric water vapour and precipitation isotope composition within weather systems in the European Arctic and sub-Arctic. Focusing on an area covering the Nordic Seas and Northern Scandinavia, stable water isotope measurements with cavity ring-down spectrometers (CRDS) were taken from a research aircraft stationed at Kiruna, Sweden; from a Research Vessel going from Tromsø to the western ice edge in Greenland, and from measurements at supersites at Andenes on the Lofoten archipelago, Abisko, and Kiruna. Water vapour and precipitation isotope measurements from different sites and platforms were complemented by additional instrumentation to characterize the atmospheric conditions. Advanced instrumentation included wind LIDAR, ground-based vertical-pointing rain radar, and aerosol measurements at Andenes, two-directional depolarising aerosol LIDAR and horizontal cloud RADAR on the aircraft. Controlled meteorological balloons were launched from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard into cold-air outbreak conditions. Surface precipitation samples were collected from a surface network including Abisko, Andenes, Kiruna, Longyearbyen, Ny-Ålesund, Jan Mayen, Bjørnøya, Tarfala, Ålesund, and Bergen. Surface snow was repeatedly sampled along a detailed transect from Kiruna to Lofoten archipelago. Citizen science snow sampling contributed to distributed surface snow sampling in Northern Scandinavia. All stable water isotope measurements have been calibrated onto the VSMOW-SLAP scale. The data from the ISLAS2022 measurement campaign enables the comprehensive assessment of air mass transformation and water turnover during cold-air outbreak conditions using stable water isotopes as a constraint.
In the Earth, the dynamo action is strongly linked to core freezing. There is a solid inner core, the growth of which provides a buoyancy flux that drives the dynamo. The buoyancy in this case derives from a difference in composition between the solid inner core and the fluid outer core. In planetary bodies smaller than the Earth, however, this core differentiation process may differ - Fe may precipitate at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) rather than in the center and may fall as iron snow and initially remelt with greater depth. A chemical stable sedimentation zone develops that comprises with time the entire core - at that time a solid inner core starts to grow. The dynamics of this system is not well understood and also whether it can generate a magnetic field or not. The Jovian moon Ganymede, which shows a present-day magnetic dipole field, is a candidate for which such a scenario has been suggested. We plan to study this Fe-snow regime with both a numerical and experimental approach. In the numerical study, we use a 2D/3D thermo-chemical convection model that considers crystallization and sinking of iron crystals together with the dynamics of the liquid core phase (for the 3D case the influence of the rotation of the Fe snow process is further studied).The numerical calculations will be complemented by two series of experiments: (1) investigations in metal alloys by means of X-ray radioscopy, and (2) measurements in transparent analogues by optical techniques. The experiments will examine typical features of the iron snow regime. On the one hand they will serve as a tool to validate the numerical approach and on the other hand they will yield important insight into sub-processes of the iron snow regime, which cannot be accessed within the numerical approach due to their complexity.
In this publication, we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of nutrients in the Elbe estuary, Northern Germany, in 2022. In seasonal transect cruises, physicochemical parameters were measured continuously along a transect from the North Sea (53.98°N 8.36°E) to the port of Oortkaten in the upstream Elbe River (53.46°N 10.06°E). The study focus was set on the interplay of eutrophication and in-stream nutrient regeneration. At ~40 stations along the estuary, we measured the concentration of dissolved nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, silicate) and nitrate dual stable isotope signatures (δ15N-NO3, δ18O-NO3) as well as characteristics of suspended particulate matter (δ15N-SPM, chlorophyll a concentration and C/N ratio).
The project aims at achieving a better understanding of the processes that drive or limit the response of grassland systems in a world of increasing atmospheric pCO2. We will test the hypothesis that the previously shown increase in below-ground allocation of C under elevated pCO2 provides the necessary energy excess and will stimulate free-living N2 fixers in a low N grassland environment. The project thus aims at assessing the occurrence and importance of free-living N2 fixers under elevated pCO2 and identify the associated microbial communities involved in order to better understand ecosystems response and sustainability of grassland systems. This project had the last opportunity to obtain soil samples from a grassland ecosystem adapted to long-term (10 year) elevated atmospheric pCO2 as the Swiss FACE experiment. The project aims to identify the relevant components of free-living diazotrophs of the microbial community using 15N stable isotope - DNA probing.
Water isotopes (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) were analyzed in samples from lakes and rivers in eastern Germany. This sub-dataset is derived from water samples collected from lake and river shores. Seasonal samples were collected in March, July, October 2022, and in March 2023, with a plastic syringe from 20-50 cm depth below water surface and directly filtered and transferred into a measurement vial. Stable isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. Measurement uncertainty was quantified to <0.5 ‰ for δ²H and <0.2 ‰ for δ¹⁸O. Water chemical parameters were determined in-situ with a portable WTW-multiparameter probe. The data give information about the seasonal isotope amplitude at the sampled spots and about spatial isotope variability in different branches of the associated river systems.
Cloud samples for the isotopic analysis were collected in the framework of the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 (HCCT-2010) campaign on Schmücke (50° 39'N/ 10° 46'E, 937 m a.s.l.; Germany) in September and October 2010 with a three-stage Caltech Active Strand Cloudwater Collector (CASCC) during 13 different cloud events with a temporal resolution of 1 to 3 hours. In a first step, we ensured that no additional fractionation occurred during sampling with the CASCC. The d values of the three sizes classes of the CASCC (4 µm to 16 µm, 16 µm to 22 µm and >22 µm) did not differ significantly, revealing that the cloud droplets of different sizes quickly equilibrate their delta value with the one of the surrounding vapor. delta values in the cloud droplets varied from -77 per mil to -15 per mil in d2H and from -12.1 per mil to -3.9 per mil in d18O and were fitted by d2H =7.8*d18O +13*10**-3. delta values decreased with temperature as well as towards the end of the campaign, representing a seasonal trend which is known from d values in precipitation. The deuterium excess of the cloud samples was generally higher than the Local Meteoric Water Line of the closest GNIP (Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation) station. Rain decreases its deuterium excess during falling through an unsaturated air column, while the cloud droplets conserve the deuterium excess of the initial evaporation and thus have been found to be a good indicator for the airmass source region: higher deuterium excess was measured for polar air masses and lower deuterium excess for Mediterranean air masses. Changes in d values during one cloud event were up to 3.6 per mil (d2H) and 0.23 per mil (d18O), except for frontal passages, which were associated with increases of ~6 per mil per hour (d2H) and ~0.6 per mil per hour (d18O). Using a box model, we showed that the influence of condensation only was able to explain the variation in the isotope signal of two cloud passages. Consequently, we deduced that the water vapor "feeding" the cloud advected the measured changes. A trajectory analysis and moisture source diagnostic revealed that it is very likely that the variations were either related to rain out along the trajectories or to meteorological changes in the moisture source region. This was the first study using stable water isotopologues in cloud water manifesting their potential in the context of atmospheric water vapor circulation.
Der interoperable INSPIRE-Downloaddienst (WFS) Agricultural and Aquaculture Facilities gibt einen Überblick über die Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen im Land Brandenburg. Der Datensatz umfasst Geflügel, Rinder, Kälber, Schweine und gemischte Bestände. Die Datenquelle ist das Anlageninformationssystem LIS-A. Gemäß der INSPIRE-Datenspezifikation Agricultural and Aquaculture Facilities (D2.8.III.9_v3.0) liegen die Inhalte INSPIRE-konform vor. Der WFS beinhaltet die FeatureTypes Holding und Site.
Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen (u. a. Änderung Tierschutzgesetz, Tierwohlkennzeichengesetz, Ferkelkastration, Tierschutz-Nutztierhaltung, Transportzeiten von Nutztieren, Handel mit Tieren im Internet und Printmedien), Vollzug tierschutzrechtlicher Vorschriften, Tierhaltung (u. a. Umsetzung Aktionsplan Schwanzkupieren, Töten männlicher Eintagsküken, Zucht landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Hundediplom Junior, Umsetzung Katzenschutzverordnung, Wildtiere im Zirkus, Überprüfung von Tierbörsen), Schlachten von Tieren, Tierversuche, Transport von Tieren, Fischerei und Jagd, Förderung und Preise im Tierschutz, Tierschutzbeirat, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit; Anlagen: Transportkontrollen, Versuchstierzahlen, Richtlinie für Vergabe des Tierschutzpreises, Mitglieder des Tierschutzbeirats, Jahresbericht Tierschutzbeirat 2018 und 2019
In Folge des globalen Klimawandels hat sich die Meereisdecke in der Arktis dramatisch verändert. Im derzeitigen Zustand spielt die arktische Eisdecke eine wichtige Rolle; so schirmt sie das Oberflächenwasser, die sogenannte arktische Halokline (Salzgehaltsschichtung), von der Erwärmung durch die sommerliche Sonneneinstrahlung ab. Zudem wird die Halokline durch die Salze, welches beim Gefrierprozess des Meerwassers aus der Kristallstruktur austritt, gebildet und stabilisiert. Gleichzeitig wirkt die Halokline als Barriere zwischen der Eisdecke und dem darunter liegenden warmen atlantischen Wasser und trägt so zum Erhalt der arktischen Meereisdecke bei. Dieses Gleichgewicht ist nun durch die insgesamt wesentlich dünnere arktische Meereisdecke und ihre verringerte sommerliche Ausdehnung gestört. Im Meerwasser sind zudem Gase und biogeochemisch wichtige Spurenstoffen enthalten. Diese werden durch die Gefrierprozesse eingeschlossen, beeinflusst und wieder ausgestoßen. So beeinflusst die Meereisdecke die Gas- und Stoffflüsse zwischen Atmosphäre, Eis und oberer Wasserschicht. Durch die Eisbewegung findet außerdem ein Transport statt z.B. in der sogenannten Transpolarendrift von den sibirischen Schelfgebieten, über den Nordpol, südwärts bis ins europäische Nordmeer. Nun wird mit den weitreichenden Veränderungen des globalen und arktischen Klimawandels bereits von der „neuen Arktis“ gesprochen, da angenommen wird, dass sich die Arktis bereits in einem neuen Funktionsmodus befindet. Dabei ist jedoch weitgehend unbekannt wie dieses neue System funktioniert, sich weiterentwickelt und wie sich dies auf die Eisbildungsprozesse und damit die Stabilität der Halokline und die damit verbundenen Gas- und Stoffflüsse auswirkt. Für solche Untersuchungen werden über den Jahresverlauf Proben der oberen Wassersäule und der Eisdecke benötigt. Ermöglicht wird dies durch die wissenschaftliche Initiative MOSAiC. Mithilfe der stabilen Isotope des Wassers (?18O und ?D) aus dem Eis und der Wassersäule kann Rückschlüsse auf die Herkunftswässer und den Gefrierprozess gezogen werden und diese Ergebnisse sollen in direkten Zusammenhang mit Gas- und biogeochemischen Stoffuntersuchungen (aus Partnerprojekten) gesetzt werden. Dabei können z.B. Stürme, Schmelzprozesse, Schneebedeckung, Teichbildung und Alterungseffekte des Eises eine Rolle spielen. Untersucht wird parallel die Veränderung der Wassersäule welche z.B. durch Wärmetransport, wiederum die Eisdecke beeinflussen kann.Diese prozessorientierten Untersuchungen der saisonalen Eisbildungsprozesse in Eis und Wassersäule der zentralen Arktis, werden einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Stabilität der arktischen Halokline und der arktischen Gas- und Stoffflüsse liefern. Da sich die Gase und Stoffe nicht-konservativ verhalten, während die Isotope im Gefrierprozess konservativ sind, erwarten wir aus der Diskrepanz wiederum wichtige Informationen z. B. über wiederholtes Einfrieren von Süßwasserbeimengungen ableiten zu können.
| Organisation | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 495 |
| Europa | 13 |
| Global | 1 |
| Kommune | 88 |
| Land | 366 |
| Weitere | 57 |
| Wissenschaft | 453 |
| Zivilgesellschaft | 10 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Agrarwirtschaft | 1 |
| Chemische Verbindung | 4 |
| Daten und Messstellen | 224 |
| Ereignis | 2 |
| Förderprogramm | 420 |
| Hochwertiger Datensatz | 1 |
| Software | 1 |
| Taxon | 33 |
| Text | 147 |
| Umweltprüfung | 169 |
| unbekannt | 209 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| Geschlossen | 304 |
| Offen | 837 |
| Unbekannt | 26 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 515 |
| Englisch | 692 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Archiv | 130 |
| Bild | 7 |
| Datei | 155 |
| Dokument | 174 |
| Keine | 505 |
| Unbekannt | 3 |
| Webdienst | 30 |
| Webseite | 244 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 737 |
| Lebewesen und Lebensräume | 933 |
| Luft | 584 |
| Mensch und Umwelt | 1167 |
| Wasser | 717 |
| Weitere | 1072 |