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Analytical data of floodplain, colluvial, Triassic (Buntsandstein), Lopingian (Zechstein) and Pleistocene loess data from the Weiße Elster catchment (Central Germany)

In this dataset, we present grain size and XRF element data of Holocene floodplain and colluvial, Pleistocene loess and Triassic (Buntsandstein) samples from the catchment of the Weiße Elster River (Central Germany). The samples were taken during the DFG-funded project 'Imprints of rapid climate changes and human activity on Holocene hydro-sedimentary dynamics in Central Europe (loess-covered Weiße Elster model region)' [SU491/6-1, ET20/10-1, VE117/7-1, WE5518/1-1, ZI721/13-1] between 2017 - 2025, using open outcrops, hand augering (Pürckhauer) or drilling with an Atlas Copco Cobra Pro hammer. The goal of this study was to obtain sediment provenance for Holocene overbank sediments in the middle Weiße Elster floodplain.

Elbe Element Explorer 2018-2023: A time series of dissolved metals in the Elbe river

The river Elbe flows through Geesthacht right before the tidal part of the Elbe begins. In order to monitor and investigate the metal load and transport from the upstream river with a study focus on extreme events, water samples were taken weekly from the Geesthacht riverbank a couple of kilometers upstream of the weir starting in April 2018 and going until April 2023. During extreme events, i.e. floods or droughts, the sampling interval was increased to (bi-)daily sampling. The water samples were taken in pre-cleaned LDPE bottles, filtered over <0.45 µm polycarbonate filters into pre-cleaned LDPE bottles/tubes and acidified with nitric acid. The filtrates were then measured for their (trace) metal concentrations with ICP-MS/MS coupled online to a seaFAST preconcentration and matrix removal system. The physiochemical parameters pH value, dissolved oxygen, temperature and conductivity were measured for each sample using a corresponding multimeter probe.

XRF logging data from Nussloch loess cores

The Nussloch Drilling Campaign (NUSS) involved drilling three loess sediment cores (85 mm in diameter) on April 21-25, 2019, on top of a loess hill at 49.31°N, 8.73°E, at an altitude of 215 m, close to the most recently described outcrop at the Nussloch reference site in Germany. Downhole logging was performed in the three drilling holes. Core S2, which has the most complete stratigraphy compared to previously published profiles, was analyzed using XRF core scanning. The name of the samples is given as NUSS for Nussloch, S2 for core S2, and C1-C11 for the subcore numbers. Depth is expressed in meters from the topsoil to the lowest level reached during drilling. The XRF data consists of the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, and Pb, in counts. These raw data counts are followed by the following ratios: Ca/Sr, Rb/Sr, Rb/K, Fe/Al, Fe/Mn, Si/Al, Ti/Al, Ti/Zr, Zr/Rb, and Ca/Al. Measurements were conducted every 1 cm from the top of the sub-cores. The measurements were performed with a resolution of 5mm on the AVAATECH Core Scanner at the EDYTEM laboratory in Chambéry in June 2015. This investigation aimed to conduct a comprehensive coring to acquire a sedimentary archive to ensure the preservation of this distinctive Nussloch record for future research projects.

Grundwassermessstelle DEGM_DEMV_26370007: Suckow/Parchim

Stammdaten und Analysedaten zu den Grundwassermessstellen im EUA-Messnetz: Messtelle DEGM_DEMV_26370007 (Suckow/Parchim)

Astronomisch angetriebene Klimaveränderungen auf dem Saturnmond Titan

Diese Studie soll die Rolle der Kohlenwasserstoffseen bei astronomisch angetriebenen Klimavariationen auf dem Saturnmond Titan näher beleuchten. Seen auf Titan sind stark auf die nördliche Polarregion konzentriert, während die Becken in der südlichen Polarregion größtenteils nicht mit Flüssigkeiten gefüllt sind. Diese Beobachtung führte zu kontroversen Diskussionen darüber, ob die polaren Seen Gegenstücke zu den irdischen Eisschilden darstellen, die mit dem Croll-Milankovitch-Zyklus wachsen und schrumpfen. Ein regionales und globales numerisches Modell der Methanhydrologie soll benutzt werden, um den Einfluss der Orbitalparametervariationen auf die Seen und deren Rückkopplung auf das Klima zu untersuchen. Die Hauptarbeitshypothese der Studie ist, dass sich der mittlere Seespiegel aufgrund der Variation des Niederschlags, der Verdunstung und des globalen Methantransportes in der Atmosphäre in Zeitskalen der Apsidendrehung von Saturn ändert. Auf regionaler Ebene wird ein dreidimensionales Ozeanzirkulationsmodell der Titan-Seen angewandt, um den orbitalen Einfluss auf die Zirkulation und Schichtung in den Seen zu untersuchen. Diese beinhalten die insbesondere die windgetriebene und dichtegetriebene Zirkulation, die für die Variationen der Seeoberflächentemperatur, -zusammensetzung und Verdunstung wichtig sind. Die langjährige Seespiegelveränderung wird durch Extrapolation der jährlichen Seespiegelveränderungen berechnet, die durch eine Serie von Simulationen unter den Orbitalparametern ausgewählter Epochen in der Vergangenheit prognostiziert werden. Auf globaler Ebene wird ein dreidimensionales atmosphärisches Zirkulationsmodell mit einem eingebauten atmosphärischen Hydrologie-Modul und vereinfachten Ozeanmodell angewandt, um die langjährige Veränderung der globalen Seeverteilung zu simulieren. Das globale Modell beschäftigt sich insbesondere mit der Frage, ob polare Seen in einer Hemisphäre auf Kosten der Seen in der anderen Hemisphäre innerhalb eines Orbitalzyklus anwachsen können oder ob es aus geographischen oder astronomischen Gründen eine Neigung zur Anhäufung der Seen in einer der beiden Hemisphären geben könnte. Ferner soll die Rückkopplung der variablen oder nicht variablen Seeverteilung auf den atmosphärischen Teil des Klimas untersucht werden indem die Simulationsergebnisse mit denen der Kontrollsimulation ohne Seen verglichen werden.

Geochemical composition of S1 sediment core from Lower Odra Valley, NW Poland

Oxbow lakes are continuous archives of flood events. On 28th June 2022 a 7.5 m long bottom sediment core (S1: 53.24758°N and 14.46271°E, 2.4 m b.s.l.) was collected from an oxbow lake in the Lower Odra Valley, NW Poland. Drilling was conducted using an Instorf sampler (Russian type; chamber dimension: 10 x 50 cm), onboard a "Manat" catamaran motorboat. After core recovery, each half-metre section was packed into a PVC tube and kept in cool rooms with a constant temperature. Samples were collected every 4 cm. For the first 2 m of the core grain-size, geochemical and Chironomidae analyses as well as radiocarbon dating were performed, which allow to identify flood events in the last 3200 years.

Elementkarten der Digitalen Lithogeochemischen Karte von Bayern 1:25.000 (dLGK25)

Eine Elementkarte stellt die räumliche Verteilung der klassifizierten Gehalte eines der 39 ausgewerteten Haupt-, Neben- oder Spurenelemente innerhalb der 184 geochemischen Gesteinseinheiten in Bayern dar. In die Auswertung gehen dabei nur die Daten der ersten (von maximal drei) Lithologien einer geochemischen Gesteinseinheit ein. Elementkarten werden jeweils für das 50. und 90. Perzentil vorgehalten. Die Gehalte der Hauptelemente sind in Gew.-% angegeben, die Gehalte der Neben- oder Spurenelemente sind in mg/kg angegeben. Für Informationen im Hinblick auf die Auswertung der Daten sowie auf die kartenmäßige Darstellung wird auf die Metadaten der digitalen Lithogeochemischen Karte von Bayern 1:25 000 (dLGK25) verwiesen.

Geochemical parameters in peat depth profiles from ombrotrophic bogs in North and Central Europe. Drebbersches Moor, Germany

This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).

Geochemical parameters in peat depth profiles from ombrotrophic bogs in North and Central Europe. Fochteloër Veen, the Netherlands

This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).

Geochemical parameters in peat depth profiles from ombrotrophic bogs in North and Central Europe. Pichlmaier Moor, Austria

This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).

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