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Climate related hazards

This series refers to datasets related to the potential occurrence of a climate-induced physical event or trend that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, ecosystems and environmental resources. It includes datasets on flooding, drought, urban heat island and heatwaves, extreme temperatures and precipitations, fire danger as well as climate suitability for vectors of infectious diseases. The datasets are part of the European Climate Adaptation Platform (Climate-ADAPT) accessible here: https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/

Member States' greenhouse gas (GHG) emission projections

The Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action ((EU) 2018/1999) requires Member States to report national projections of anthropogenic GHG emissions. Every two years, each EU Member State shall report GHG projections in a ‘with existing measures’ scenario for the years 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045 and 2050 by gas (or group of gases) and by sector. National projections shall take into consideration any policies and measures adopted at Union level. The reported data are quality checked by the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME).

Floods Reference Spatial Datasets reported under Floods Directive - version 3.0, Mar. 2025

The Floods Directive (FD) was adopted in 2007 (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32007L0060). The purpose of the FD is to establish a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks, aiming at the reduction of the adverse consequences for human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity associated with floods in the European Union. ‘Flood’ means the temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water. This shall include floods from rivers, mountain torrents, Mediterranean ephemeral water courses, and floods from the sea in coastal areas, and may exclude floods from sewerage systems. This reference spatial dataset, reported under the Floods Directive, includes the areas of potential significant flood risk (APSFR), as they were lastly reported by the Member States to the European Commission, and the Units of Management (UoM).

Nordsee

<p>Viele Einzugsgebiete der großen Nordseezuflüsse sind dicht besiedelt, stark industrialisiert und werden intensiv landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Sie sind damit Hauptquellen der Nähr- und Schadstoffbelastung für die Nordsee.</p><p>Die Nordsee ist ein etwa 570.000 Quadratkilometer (km²) großes, meist flaches Schelfmeer am Rand des Atlantischen Ozeans. Zu ihr zählen der Ärmelkanal im Westen und der Skagerrak und Kattegat im Osten (lt. <a href="http://www.ospar.org/">OSPAR </a>und <a href="http://www.helcom.fi/">HELCOM </a>gehört das Kattegat sowohl zur Nord- als auch zur Ostsee). Das Wassereinzugsgebiet der Nordsee hat eine Fläche von rund 842.000 km² und umfasst die Küstenstaaten Belgien, Dänemark, Deutschland, Frankreich, Niederlande, Norwegen, Schweden und das Vereinigte Königreich von Großbritannien und Nordirland sowie die Tschechische Republik, die Slowakische Republik, die Schweiz und Luxemburg. Auf dieser Fläche leben rund 184 Millionen Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner. <br><br>Jährlich fließen zwischen 300 und 350 Milliarden Kubikmeter (Mrd. m³) Flusswasser in die Nordsee. Die starken jährlichen Schwankungen wirken sich auch auf den Transport von Nähr- und Schadstoffen in die Nordsee aus. Das Schmelzwasser, das nach der Schneeschmelze in Norwegen und Schweden in die Nordsee fließt, stellt allein fast 40 % der gesamten Flusswasserzufuhr. Ein weiterer beträchtlicher Teil gelangt über große Zuflüsse wie Elbe, Weser, Ems, Rhein, Maas, Schelde, Seine, Themse und Humber in die Nordsee. Große Teile der Einzugsgebiete dieser Nordseeflüsse sind dicht besiedelt, hoch industrialisiert und werden intensiv landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Sie zählen daher zu den wichtigsten Schadstoff- und Nährstoffquellen für die Nordsee.</p>

EU27_2020 basemap for EEA internal use

This Discomap web map service provides an EU-27 (2020) basemap for internal EEA use as a background layer in viewers or any other web application. It is provided as REST and as OGC WMS services, dynamic and cached. The cached service has a custom cache at the following scales: 1/50.000.000 1/42.000.000 1/36.000.000 (Europe's size) 1/30.000.000 1/20.000.000 1/10.000.000 1/5.000.000 1/2.500.000 1/1.000.000.

NECPR: Progress to targets for greenhouse gas emissions and removals (Annex I) dataset, 2023

Progress to targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals is a dataset under the National Energy and Climate Progress Reports (NECPRs), which is reported every second year (starting in 2023) by EU Member States. The dataset provides information regarding Member State's GHG and removals targets and progress in achieving them. The EEA collects and quality checks this data. The dataset links to data from GHG inventories and projections (also collected by the EEA), as well as Annual Emission Allocations (AEAs). This reporting obligation comes from the Governance Regulation 2018/1999, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2299 (Annex I).

NECPR: Additional Reporting Obligations in the area of Renewable Energy (Annex XVI) dataset, 2023

Additional reporting in the area of renewable energy is a dataset under the National Energy and Climate Progress Reports (NECPRs), which is reported every second year (starting in 2023) by EU Member States. The dataset provides information regarding Member States functioning system for guarantees of origin (GO), renewable energy surplus/deficits, biomass use and impacts, and renewable energy usage in buildings. The EEA collects and quality checks this data. The dataset links to data from Eurostat. This reporting obligation comes from the Governance Regulation 2018/1999, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2299 (Annex XVI).

NECPR: Progress to targets for energy efficiency (Annex IV) dataset, 2023

Progress to targets for energy efficiency is a dataset under the National Energy and Climate Progress Reports (NECPRs), which is reported every second year (starting in 2023) by EU Member States. The dataset provides information regarding Member State's energy efficiency contributions and progress in achieving them. The EEA collects and quality checks this data. The dataset links to data from Eurostat regarding Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) and Final Energy Consumption (FEC) in the period of 2020-2030. This reporting obligation comes from the Governance Regulation 2018/1999, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2299 (Annex IV).

Population trend of bird species: datasets from Article 12, Birds Directive 2009/147/EC reporting (2013-2018) - INTERNAL VERSION - Oct. 2020

All EU Member States are requested to monitor birds listed in the Birds Directive (2009/147/EC) and send a report about the progress made with the implementation of the Directive every 6 years following an agreed format. The assessment of breeding population short-term trend at the level of country is here presented. The spatial dataset contains gridded birds distribution data (10 km grid cells) as reported by EU Member States for the 2013-2018 period. The dataset is aggregated by species code and country in the attribute CO_MS. By use of the aggregated attribute [CO_MS], the tabular data can be joined to the spatial data to obtain e.g. the EU population status and trend. This metadata refers to the INTERNAL dataset as it includes species flagged as sensitive by Member States. Therefore, its access is restricted to only internal use by EEA.

Geophysical, Sedimentological and Geochemical Data from the Lower Havel Inner Delta (Gülpe Island), Brandenburg (Germany)

To investigate subsurface features in the Lower Havel River floodplain, we conducted Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) transects and Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) surveys at three different depths in 2023 and 2024. These near surface geophysical methods were complemented by 24 driving core drillings to relate the electrical properties with sedimentological characteristics. Additionally, five selected sediment cores were used for subsequent geochemical lab analyses (grain size, CNS, TOC, TIC). Electromagnetic induction (EMI) was measured with a CMD-Mini Explorer (GF Instruments s.r.o., Brno, Czech Republic) in June 2023 and June 2024. We used the vertical dipole (VDP) at coil spacings of 0.32 m (VDP1), 0.71 m (VDP2) and 1.18 m (VDP3), archieving effective penetration depths of 0.5 m (VDP1), 1.0 m (VDP2) and 1.8 m (VDP3). According to the manufacturer, 70% of the signal originate from above these depths. The EMI sensors measure the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, in mS/m). Measurements were taken by carrying the instrument about 0.2 m above ground while being directly connected to D-GPS (Leica GPS1200) for positioning. The acquisition rate was five measurements per second. Data quality was checked by measuring a reference line before and after each measurement. The area investigated by EMI in June 2023 is located to the north and northeast of the Gülpe research station. It has a total area of 12.3 ha. The reference line was located in the southern part of the study area. No drift correction had to be applied due to good data quality. Reference lines and single outliers were removed. The area investigated by EMI in June 2024 is located southeast of the research station. The survey area there is 8.1 ha in size. The reference line for the measurements there was located in the north-westernmost area of the site. No drift correction had to be applied due to good data quality. Reference lines and single outliers were removed. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data were acquired by using a PC controlled DC resistivity meter system (RESECS, Geoserve, Kiel, Germany). In total, we measured four ERT transects. Two transects in June 2023, where transect 1 had a total length of 259 m with an electrode spacing of 0.5 m and transect 2 had a total length of 223 m with an electrode spacing of 1 m. The measurements in 2023 were carried out under extreme dry conditions. Two further transects were measured in June 2024 with an electrode spacing of 1m, transect 3 with a total length of 207 m and transect 4 with a total length of 239 m. We applied wenner alpha and dipol-dipol configuration. The coordinates and the height of the electrodes were measured with a D-GPS (2023: TOPCON HiPer II / 2024: Leica GPS1200). Sediment cores were recovered using a hand-held Cobra Pro (Atlas Copco) core drilling system with a 60 mm diameter open corer. One-meter segments were retrieved and assessed in the field for sedimentological features, including estimations of grain size, carbonate content, humus content, and redox features (AG Boden 2005, 2024). Colour descriptions were carried out using the Munsell Soil Color Chart. The exact positions of the drilling points were recorded using a differential GPS device (TOPCON HiPer II). The cores were photographed, documented and sampled at 5–10 cm intervals for subsequent laboratory analyses. Bulk samples from five selected cores (RK1, RK3, RK13, RK15, RK17) were freeze-dried, sieved (2 mm), and weighed. Total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total sulfur (TS) contents were measured using a CNS analyzer (Vario EL cube, Elementar). Inorganic carbon (TIC) was determined using calcimeter measurements (Scheibler method, Eijkelkamp). Organic carbon (TOC) was calculated as TOC = TC − TIC. For the grain size analyses, sediment samples were first sieved to <2 mm and subsamples of 10 g were treated with 50 ml of 35% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and gently heated to remove organic matter. Following this, 10 ml of 0.4 N sodium pyrophosphate solution (Na₄P₂O₇) was added to disperse the particles, and the suspension was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 45 minutes. The sand fraction was analysed by dry sieving and classified into four size classes: coarse sand (2000–630 µm), medium sand (630–200 µm), fine sand (200–125 µm), and very fine sand (125–63 µm). Finer fractions were determined using X-ray granulometry (XRG) with a SediGraph III 5120 (Micromeritics). These included coarse silt (63–20 µm), medium silt (20–6.3 µm), fine silt (6.3–2.0 µm), coarse clay (2.0–0.6 µm), medium clay (0.6–0.2 µm), and fine clay (<0.2 µm).

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