Ausweisung von Flächen, auf denen die Möglichkeit für Entsiegelungen im Rahmen naturschutz- oder baurechtlicher Kompensationsmaßnamen besteht, mit genaueren Beschreibungen der einzelnen Flächen. Bearbeitungsstand Dezember 2024.
Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1689: Climate Engineering: Risiken, Herausforderungen, Möglichkeiten?, Lernen über das Impfen von Wolken unter Unsicherheiten: Untersuchung zur Durchführbarkeit und Nachweisbarkeit, zu Anreizen und dezentraler Steuerung räumlich begrenzter Klimamanipulationen" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Leipzig, Institut für Meteorologie.Climate engineering (CE) wird als mögliche ultimative Maßnahme zur Bekämpfung katastrophaler Klimaänderungen vorgeschlagen. Allerdings ergeben sich zahlreiche Bedenken bei einer möglichen Durchführung von CE oder selbst eines großräumigen Feldexperiments. Jedoch lässt sich CE nicht nur als Entweder-Oder-Entscheidung begreifen, vielmehr kann der Übergang zwischen einem Feldexperiment und dem eigentlichen Einsatz von CE fließend sein. Eine realistische Bewertung möglicher zukünftiger Anwendungen von CE muss daher ernsthaft die Möglichkeit räumlich begrenzten CEs in Betracht ziehen. Die Manipulation von Wolken bewirkt einen Strahlungsantrieb, der sich auf die Region, in der die Wolken geimpft werden, beschränkt. Dies ist eine notwendige, jedoch nicht hinreichende Bedingung für eine räumlich begrenzte Änderung von Klimaparametern wie der bodennahen Temperatur. Zunächst ist zu fragen, inwieweit Anreize für Staaten oder Clubs von Staaten bestehen, Möglichkeiten zum räumlich begrenzten CE einzusetzen. LEAC-II wird dazu abschätzen, wie sehr die ökonomischen Präferenzen bezüglich klimarelevanter Parameter räumlich korreliert sind. Abhängig von der Machbarkeit einer begrenzten Manipulation von Klimaparametern und der Präferenzen in verschiedenen Regionen ist zu fragen, welche Staaten oder Clubs von Staaten begrenztes CE unter Umständen einsetzen würden, und inwiefern dies Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Treibhausgasemissionen behinderte, wenn es keine global koordinierte Klimapolitik gibt. Regulierung setzt die Möglichkeit voraus, beabsichtigte Wirkungen klar den CE-Maßnahmen zuzuordnen, sowie für mögliche Schäden außerhalb der Zielregion die Maßnahme als Ursache zurückzuweisen. LEAC-II wird dies auf der Basis von Detection/ Attribution-Methoden untersuchen, wobei innovative Ansätze mit Ensemble-Klimavorhersagen auf kurzen Zeitskalen angewendet werden. LEAC-II schließlich mögliche Entwürfe für einen internationalen Regulationsmechanismus auf der Basis der ökonomischen Theorie diffuser Verschmutzung (non-point source pollution) untersuchen, die zu einer Pareto-Verbesserung im Vergleich mit unkoordinierten Verfahren führen würden. Konkret stellt LEAC-II die folgenden Fragen: 1. Machbarkeit: Inwieweit ist eine räumlich begrenzte Klimaänderung in Reaktion auf einen begrenzten Strahlungsantrieb erreichbar? 2. Anreize: Wie korrelieren räumlich die gesellschaftlichen ökonomischen Präferenzen zu Klimazuständen? 3. Ökonomische Auswirkungen: Was sind mögliche Auswirkungen von begrenztem CE auf den Wohlstand, wenn Länder begrenztes CE einsetzen und Treibhausgasemissionen nicht in koordinierter Weise reduzieren? 4. Nachweisbarkeit: Was ist nötig, um den räumlich begrenzten Effekt von begrenztem CE nachzuweisen, und um nachzuweisen, dass außerhalb der Zielregion das Klima nicht beeinträchtigt wird? 5. Regulierung: Wie lässt sich begrenztes CE unter der Maßgabe von Vorhersagbarkeit und Nachweisbarkeit effizient regulieren?
Das Projekt "H2020 Environment - EU Horizon 2020 Environment, Glass Recovering Revolution: High performance Optical Sorter for glass collection from Waste (SEEGLASS)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Picvisa Machine Vision Systems SL.The amount of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in the EU28 reached 245 million tons in 2012. Nowadays, Europe directives for waste management are more restrictive each year (e.g Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC), but unfortunately, landfill disposal still represents 34% of total MSW generated. On the other hand, citizen awareness as well as the high fees operators pay for landfill disposal, have helped to greatly increase the percentage for recycling from 18% in 1995, to 42% in 2012. However, 40% of all the glass waste ends up in mixed MSW plants (which typically contain 7% of glass). Instead of being disposed of in selective-waste collection, it ends up in landfills or is composted/incinerated with the remnant waste. We have developed SEEGLASS, a high performance optical sorter based on computer vision and a pneumatic rejection system. Our aim is to solve this non-environmentally friendly problem, while also offering our end-users additional revenues with this recovered material, which is not being exploited now (49€/tn glass). In addition, extracting this glass, will allow the treatment plants to significantly reduce costs from waste disposal fees (50€/Tonne EU average and rising). Payback for customers is estimated in only 19 months. With this project we will (i) construct pre-conditioning process line, (ii) optimise our current SEEGLASS computer vision system as well as its mechanical and pneumatic design, to reach 80% glass recovery, with 99% purity, (iii) integrate both, the process line and the glass sorter solution into a demonstrator system, and (iv) validate its feasibility in-house with real MSW coming from different countries, as well as carry-out an 24/7 end-user validation. We, PICVISA, will be the first company to recover the glass fraction in refined MSW worldwide (the niche market exists worldwide) selling Turn-key installations or only SEEGLASS units, contributing to a disruptive change in the sector.
Das Projekt "Glycerol Biorefinery Approach for the Production of High Quality Products of Industrial Value (GRAIL)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Institut Universite de Ciencia i Tecnologia SA.The project GRAIL has been build with 15 partners from 9 different countries with the aim of finalising the solutions given previously to the valorization of glycerol and transform then in valuable products in a biorefinery approach. The overall concept of GRAIL project is the use, exploitation and further development of the state of the art in the field of bio-based products from glycerol and the development research-driven cluster for the use of crude glycerol for the production of high-value platforms, as well as valued end products, harnessing the biotech processes. Therefore GRAIL project has a strong business focus and its ultimate goal is to set up implantation of biorefineries in close relationship with biodiesel. This project's aim is to develop a set of technologies for converting waste glycerol from biodiesel production in a biorefinery concept to end with products of high value such as 1,3 propanediol, Fatty acid glycerol formal esters, PolyHydroxyAlkanoates (PHA), Hydrogen and Ethanol, Synthetic coatings, powder coating resins, Secondary Glycerol Amine, Biobutanol, Trehalose, Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12), ß-carotene, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), .The GRAIL project has designed an overall strategy based on three main pillars covering all the value chain: Pillar 1: Raw materials: Evaluation of crude glycerol and purification - Pillar 2: Product development: Research and development to transform crude glycerol into other high added value such as biofuels, green chemicals and food supplements - Pillar 3: Industrial feasibility aspects including economic and environmental evaluation. This pillar will take the results of GRAIL from the product development to the industrial site. To carry out that the technical feasibility will be study on a pilot plant in a Demonstration (and the results will be important to evaluate the LCA and the economic feasibility (WP6).
Das Projekt "SULAMA - Participatory research to support sustainable land management on the Mahaflay Plateau in south-western Madagascar" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Hamburg, Arbeitsbereich für Weltforstwirtschaft und Institut für Weltforstwirtschaft des Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit.SULAMA is a participatory research project to support sustainable land management on the Mahafaly Plateau in south-western Madagascar. The focus of the first project-phase is set on the investigation of the present land-management to deduce the interdependencies and interactions between the local population and the ecosystematic conditions. Results of the first phase are used for stakeholder-based solutions to replace non-sustainable practices under the scenario of a growing human population, climate change, and prospective land transformation programs. In this project the Institute for World Forestry analyses the composition of the forest, the utilization of timber and non-wood goods and services (NWGS), and carbon stock changes in order to quantify the impact on the forest to provide ecosystem services and functions. In addition the potential of natural regeneration or enrichment planting in degraded or formerly forested sites will be assessed. For this purpose forest ecosystem indicator species are identified and changes in biomass over time are monitored. Thus, options for sustainable timber production and use of NWGS, carbon sequestration taking into account possible benefits from marketable CO2 certificates and the feasibility of enrichment plantings are derived. Together with local stakeholders tree nursieries will be developed and implemented. This is supported by the analyses of the forest and land-use development over time for different future climate change scenarios, facilitating the calculation of opportunity costs for the usage of wood and NWGS and the demonstration of alternative options for sustainable land-use management.
Das Projekt "Development of reference methods for hazard identification, risk assessment and LCA of engineered nanomaterials (NANOVALID)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: NordMiljö O. Grahn AB.Objective: The growing development, production and use of engineered nano-materials and associated products will increase exposure of both humans and ecosystems to these new materials. However, current knowledge is still incomplete and established test methods are as yet inappropriate to reliably assess the extent of exposure and risk of materials at the nano-scale. There is an urgent need to develop methods to overcome the current limitations of existing hazard and risk assessment schemes and to generate the body of reference data needed as the basis for regulative requirements and for measures to safeguard production, application and the disposal of nano-materials. The proposed project will mobilize the critical mass of international scientific knowledge and technical expertise required to address these questions. Current analytical and toxicity test methods and models will be put to test and subjected to rigorous intercalibration and validation. Where necessary, methods and test materials will be modified, adapted and validated, and new reliable reference methods developed, in cooperation with international standardisation bodies and the concerned industry, to support both pre and co-normative activities and to make the applicability of existing RA and LCA schemes to ENPs more reliable. The feasibility of validated measurement, characterization and test methods will be assessed by selected case studies to help the significant improvement of the performance of existing exposure monitoring systems as well as the development of new risk management and reduction strategies.
Das Projekt "Cooperation on assessing the impact of different sigma0 re-sampling on ASCAT SAF products - EUMETSAT FA 2014" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität Wien, Department für Geodäsie und Geoinformation (E120).This Federated Activity intends to gather the expertise available in the different ASCAT teams in CAF and the SAFs on Level 1/2/3 processing, in order to address some of the issues explained above. It should be noted that the initial proposal was more ambitious, but available funding at both the OSI and H-SAF for federated activity work has significantly limited the final scope, which is now concerned with the following objectives: I. Providing evidence on what are the effects (if any) on the Level 2 quality and characteristics, of applying the alternative sigma0 re-sampling approach currently available for 12.5 km coastal wind products by KNMI (circular top-hat averaging window). This should cover both surface boundary areas (coast/land) and open areas. Based on this evidence, issue a recommendation to CAF on modifying or not the current 12.5 km Hamming products. II. Exploring and demonstrating the value of the information content in the currently available ASCAT full resolution sigma0 product to retrieve higher resolution soil moisture data, as well as to remove artefacts that can be identified at the sigma0 re-sampling stage (corner reflectors). Based on this, recommend appropriate improvements or changes in the current ASCAT CAF/SAF processing chains. The initial objective of examining the full end-to-end processing chain methods up to high level SAF products (Level 3) and assessing the feasibility of finding a sigma0 re-sampling grid that might satisfy several applications, has been put on hold due to funding and resource constraints. A further de-scoping has been done, due to the unavailability of resources for this activity in the OSI SAF sea ice team (ref. to Steering Group meeting discussion in November 2013). It is recognised however that any change in the sigma0 re-sampling approach may have consequences for the sea ice drift products that use ASCAT data as input and will need to be tested, in case the Level 1 product update requires algorithm or configuration changes in the OSI SAF sea ice drift processing chain at Met.no. Note that the objectives I and II of this activity do not include an exhaustive analysis of the actual resolution of the ASCAT instrument measurements, or an assessment of optimum re-sampling techniques from more theoretical or philosophical considerations, nor indeed from the instrument design point of view. It is planned at EUMETSAT to issue a study to look into these matters, also in preparation of EPS-SG SCA, in a similar time-frame (start in Q1 2014). Consequently, the results from this FA with the additional expert point of view of the applications are indeed expected to be extremely important in the evaluation of the study results. Note that in the currently re-scoped proposal, Objective I applies to the H-SAF soil moisture subsystem and team, while the OSI SAF wind team has a support role, since this work has already been done for the wind parameter. With respect to objective II, the H-SAF s
Das Projekt "Integrated small scale solar heating and cooling systems for a sustainable air-conditioning of buildings (SOLERA)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme.Objective: The project aims to develop highly integrated solar heating and cooling systems for small and medium capacity applications which are easily installed and economically and socially sustainable. The envisioned applications are residential houses, small office buildings and hotels. The goal is to use the excess solar heat in summer to power a thermally driven cooling process in order to provide cooling for air-conditioning. In the heating season the solar system is used to provide direct heating. The proposed project therefore aims to demonstrate the technical feasibility, reliability and cost effectiveness of these systems, specially conceived as integrated systems to be offered on the market as complete packages which will make better use of the available solar radiation as present systems.
Das Projekt "FP6-SUSTDEV, Desertification Mitigation and Remediation of Land (DESIRE): a global approach for local solutions" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Bern, Geographisches Institut, Centre for Development and Environment.Fragile arid and semi-arid ecosystems are in urgent need of integrated conservation approaches that can contribute significantly to prevent and reduce the widespread on-going land degradation and desertification processes, such as erosion, flooding, overgrazing, drought, and salinization. The DESIRE project will establish promising alternative land use and management conservation strategies based on a close participation of scientists with stakeholder groups in the degradation and desertification hotspots around the world. This integrative participatory approach ensures both the acceptability and feasibility of conservation techniques, and a sound scientific basis for the effectiveness at various scales. DESIRE employs a bottom up approach such as is favoured by the UNCCD: i) degradation and desertification hotspots and stakeholder groups will be identified in all countries surrounding the Mediterranean, and in 6 external nations facing similar environmental problems, ii) desertification indicator sets will be defined in a participatory approach and a harmonized information system will be constructed to organize socio-economic and geoinformation data and tools for active dissemination; iii) new and existing conservation strategies will be defined with the stakeholder communities; iv) these strategies will be implemented in the field, and monitored and modeled to quantify their effectiveness at various scales; v) the results will be extrapolated using both the indicator sets, geoinformation data, and integrated modeling systems combining socio-economic and environmental aspects; vi) finally the results will be translated to a series of practical guidelines for good agricultural practices and environmental management, which will be disseminated to practitioners, agricultural extensionists, governmental authorities, policy makers, NGOs, land users, land owners, and local communities. Prime Contractor: Alterra B.V.; Wageningen; Netherlands.
Das Projekt "FP6-SUSTDEV, Seawater desalination by innovative solar-powered membranedistillation system (MEDESOL)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Thermodynamik und Wärmetechnik.Despite the advantages of solar membrane distillation (MD) systems very few experimental systems have been developed as opposed to the mature technologies solar PV-driven RO and solar distillation. Therefore, main objective of MEDESOL Project is the development of an environmentally friendly improved-cost desalination technology to fresh water supply in arid and semi-arid regions in EU and Third Countries based on solar MD. The layout involves the innovative concept of multistage MD in order to minimize specific energy and membrane area required and also to substantially reduce the brine generation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the technical feasibility of producing potable water from seawater by integrating several membrane distillation modules (Multi-step Membrane Distillation System). The aim is to develop systems for a capacity ranging from 0.5 to 50 m3/day. Technical simplicity, long maintenance-free operation periods and high-quality potable water output are the very important aims which will enable successful application of the systems that are based in membrane distillation. The heat source will proceed from an advanced compound parabolic solar concentrator, developed to the specific concentration ratio to achieve the specific needed range of temperatures (90ºC) and the seawater heater will include the development of an advanced non-fouling surface coatings to avoid the deposit formation (i.e. scaling) at such temperature. Laboratory tests under defined testing conditions of all components are very important for the preparation of successful field tests under real conditions. Prime Contractor: Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Ciemat, Madrid, Spain.