Ausweisung von Flächen, auf denen die Möglichkeit für Entsiegelungen im Rahmen naturschutz- oder baurechtlicher Kompensationsmaßnamen besteht, mit genaueren Beschreibungen der einzelnen Flächen. Bearbeitungsstand August 2025.
This study aims at assessing the feasibility of a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project to improve energy efficiency in Peruvian industrial boilers. As part of this study, current emissions from boilers in Peru are estimated, and the potential and mitigation costs for energy efficiency improvements as a CDM project are assessed, including a detailed analysis of different baseline options and an initial monitoring plan. A key element is also the development of the institutional set-up of the project, which includes bundling many small boilers into one CDM project.
Climate engineering (CE) wird als mögliche ultimative Maßnahme zur Bekämpfung katastrophaler Klimaänderungen vorgeschlagen. Allerdings ergeben sich zahlreiche Bedenken bei einer möglichen Durchführung von CE oder selbst eines großräumigen Feldexperiments. Jedoch lässt sich CE nicht nur als Entweder-Oder-Entscheidung begreifen, vielmehr kann der Übergang zwischen einem Feldexperiment und dem eigentlichen Einsatz von CE fließend sein. Eine realistische Bewertung möglicher zukünftiger Anwendungen von CE muss daher ernsthaft die Möglichkeit räumlich begrenzten CEs in Betracht ziehen. Die Manipulation von Wolken bewirkt einen Strahlungsantrieb, der sich auf die Region, in der die Wolken geimpft werden, beschränkt. Dies ist eine notwendige, jedoch nicht hinreichende Bedingung für eine räumlich begrenzte Änderung von Klimaparametern wie der bodennahen Temperatur. Zunächst ist zu fragen, inwieweit Anreize für Staaten oder Clubs von Staaten bestehen, Möglichkeiten zum räumlich begrenzten CE einzusetzen. LEAC-II wird dazu abschätzen, wie sehr die ökonomischen Präferenzen bezüglich klimarelevanter Parameter räumlich korreliert sind. Abhängig von der Machbarkeit einer begrenzten Manipulation von Klimaparametern und der Präferenzen in verschiedenen Regionen ist zu fragen, welche Staaten oder Clubs von Staaten begrenztes CE unter Umständen einsetzen würden, und inwiefern dies Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Treibhausgasemissionen behinderte, wenn es keine global koordinierte Klimapolitik gibt. Regulierung setzt die Möglichkeit voraus, beabsichtigte Wirkungen klar den CE-Maßnahmen zuzuordnen, sowie für mögliche Schäden außerhalb der Zielregion die Maßnahme als Ursache zurückzuweisen. LEAC-II wird dies auf der Basis von Detection/ Attribution-Methoden untersuchen, wobei innovative Ansätze mit Ensemble-Klimavorhersagen auf kurzen Zeitskalen angewendet werden. LEAC-II schließlich mögliche Entwürfe für einen internationalen Regulationsmechanismus auf der Basis der ökonomischen Theorie diffuser Verschmutzung (non-point source pollution) untersuchen, die zu einer Pareto-Verbesserung im Vergleich mit unkoordinierten Verfahren führen würden. Konkret stellt LEAC-II die folgenden Fragen: 1. Machbarkeit: Inwieweit ist eine räumlich begrenzte Klimaänderung in Reaktion auf einen begrenzten Strahlungsantrieb erreichbar? 2. Anreize: Wie korrelieren räumlich die gesellschaftlichen ökonomischen Präferenzen zu Klimazuständen? 3. Ökonomische Auswirkungen: Was sind mögliche Auswirkungen von begrenztem CE auf den Wohlstand, wenn Länder begrenztes CE einsetzen und Treibhausgasemissionen nicht in koordinierter Weise reduzieren? 4. Nachweisbarkeit: Was ist nötig, um den räumlich begrenzten Effekt von begrenztem CE nachzuweisen, und um nachzuweisen, dass außerhalb der Zielregion das Klima nicht beeinträchtigt wird? 5. Regulierung: Wie lässt sich begrenztes CE unter der Maßgabe von Vorhersagbarkeit und Nachweisbarkeit effizient regulieren?
Fragile arid and semi-arid ecosystems are in urgent need of integrated conservation approaches that can contribute significantly to prevent and reduce the widespread on-going land degradation and desertification processes, such as erosion, flooding, overgrazing, drought, and salinization. The DESIRE project will establish promising alternative land use and management conservation strategies based on a close participation of scientists with stakeholder groups in the degradation and desertification hotspots around the world. This integrative participatory approach ensures both the acceptability and feasibility of conservation techniques, and a sound scientific basis for the effectiveness at various scales. DESIRE employs a bottom up approach such as is favoured by the UNCCD: i) degradation and desertification hotspots and stakeholder groups will be identified in all countries surrounding the Mediterranean, and in 6 external nations facing similar environmental problems, ii) desertification indicator sets will be defined in a participatory approach and a harmonized information system will be constructed to organize socio-economic and geoinformation data and tools for active dissemination; iii) new and existing conservation strategies will be defined with the stakeholder communities; iv) these strategies will be implemented in the field, and monitored and modeled to quantify their effectiveness at various scales; v) the results will be extrapolated using both the indicator sets, geoinformation data, and integrated modeling systems combining socio-economic and environmental aspects; vi) finally the results will be translated to a series of practical guidelines for good agricultural practices and environmental management, which will be disseminated to practitioners, agricultural extensionists, governmental authorities, policy makers, NGOs, land users, land owners, and local communities. Prime Contractor: Alterra B.V.; Wageningen; Netherlands.
The amount of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in the EU28 reached 245 million tons in 2012. Nowadays, Europe directives for waste management are more restrictive each year (e.g Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC), but unfortunately, landfill disposal still represents 34% of total MSW generated. On the other hand, citizen awareness as well as the high fees operators pay for landfill disposal, have helped to greatly increase the percentage for recycling from 18% in 1995, to 42% in 2012. However, 40% of all the glass waste ends up in mixed MSW plants (which typically contain 7% of glass). Instead of being disposed of in selective-waste collection, it ends up in landfills or is composted/incinerated with the remnant waste. We have developed SEEGLASS, a high performance optical sorter based on computer vision and a pneumatic rejection system. Our aim is to solve this non-environmentally friendly problem, while also offering our end-users additional revenues with this recovered material, which is not being exploited now (49€/tn glass). In addition, extracting this glass, will allow the treatment plants to significantly reduce costs from waste disposal fees (50€/Tonne EU average and rising). Payback for customers is estimated in only 19 months. With this project we will (i) construct pre-conditioning process line, (ii) optimise our current SEEGLASS computer vision system as well as its mechanical and pneumatic design, to reach 80% glass recovery, with 99% purity, (iii) integrate both, the process line and the glass sorter solution into a demonstrator system, and (iv) validate its feasibility in-house with real MSW coming from different countries, as well as carry-out an 24/7 end-user validation. We, PICVISA, will be the first company to recover the glass fraction in refined MSW worldwide (the niche market exists worldwide) selling Turn-key installations or only SEEGLASS units, contributing to a disruptive change in the sector.
Aquifers are the main source of water in most semi-arid areas of the Mediterranean basin. As a result of over-exploitation hydrologic deficits of varying acuity prevail in these areas. Seawater intrusion and pollution have been identified as the primary factors for quality degradation. Further deterioration can be expected based on trends in the precipitation regime attributed to climate change. The objective of this project is to identify alternative sources of water and to investigate the feasibility, both environmental and economic of their utilization. Alternative water sources to be artificially recharged comprise: surface water runoff, treated effluent, and imported water. Furthermore, brackish water bodies, present in many aquifers could be utilised after desalination. The project structured into eight work-packages comprehensively addresses all issues related to the problem: expected precipitation rates, recharge and water budgets, identification of potential alternative water sources and technologies for their utilization, development of tools for the management of groundwater resources under artificial recharge conditions, aquifer vulnerability assessment, characterization of the unsaturated zone, and mixing effects. Four test sites have been selected for practical application of the approach. Substantial field testing, integration of technologies and findings to ensure optimal implementations of aquifer recharge alternatives, quantification of socio-economic impacts and development of dissemination platform are planned. Finally a carefully designed project management shall drive and accompany the project execution in order to ascertain consistency and efficiency.
Goals: Identify policy relevant information on exposure to environmental hazards, its determinants and health effects, as well as information for policy evaluation. Update the core set of environmental health indicators including those relevant for children's health allowing monitoring of CEHAPE and E EH strategy. Develop and apply methods allowing the use information from existing national and international data bases, and surveys assuring streamlining of data processing. Test the developed methods by the partner countries collecting information and preparing international assessment reports on selected issues. Develop and test in participating cities methods for health impact assessment of indoor air quality and noise. Develop and test data-exchange software including data-control and analysis. Prepare and test methodology for analysis and reporting of current EH situation and policy-effectiveness assuring effective dissemination of EH information and risk community.; Approaches: Both theoretical and practical issues must be resolved to achieve the project objectives. Experts, selected according to their scientific and technical proficiency, will make initial proposals for the project outputs based on the review of available scientific and practical evidence. After an evaluation by the project participants, the proposed methods will be tested for feasibility by the network of national collaborators according to the uniform protocol. The experiences from the tests will be collected and compared at a Project Meeting, involving both the experts and network members. Based on the expert's opinions and practical experiences from the testing, the final methods will be proposed for implementation on the basis of consensus reached by the project participants. The main risk in this approach is a possibility that the approaches proposed by experts on theoretical grounds will be not feasible. Intensive interaction between experts and practitioners should reduce this risk. ; Results: Comparable information on environment and health in the pan-European Region. Information on environment and health is often scattered across many institutions and gathered in non-standardized format. The ENHIS site (www.enhis.org) hosts comparable data and information on priority environment and health issues, selected on the basis of international policy frameworks on environment and health. Its content includes: - a core set of indicators, selected on the basis of relevance and availability of data, describing environmental exposures, health effects and policy measures for these issues. These indicators are also meant to help monitoring and evaluating progress made towards national and international commitments taken by countries; - a series of indicator-based assessments ('fact sheets'), providing an analysis of core issues across the Region; - country information for the 53 Member States of the WHO European Region; - an overview of policies on core issues, at both natio
The project GRAIL has been build with 15 partners from 9 different countries with the aim of finalising the solutions given previously to the valorization of glycerol and transform then in valuable products in a biorefinery approach. The overall concept of GRAIL project is the use, exploitation and further development of the state of the art in the field of bio-based products from glycerol and the development research-driven cluster for the use of crude glycerol for the production of high-value platforms, as well as valued end products, harnessing the biotech processes. Therefore GRAIL project has a strong business focus and its ultimate goal is to set up implantation of biorefineries in close relationship with biodiesel. This project's aim is to develop a set of technologies for converting waste glycerol from biodiesel production in a biorefinery concept to end with products of high value such as 1,3 propanediol, Fatty acid glycerol formal esters, PolyHydroxyAlkanoates (PHA), Hydrogen and Ethanol, Synthetic coatings, powder coating resins, Secondary Glycerol Amine, Biobutanol, Trehalose, Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12), ß-carotene, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), .The GRAIL project has designed an overall strategy based on three main pillars covering all the value chain: Pillar 1: Raw materials: Evaluation of crude glycerol and purification - Pillar 2: Product development: Research and development to transform crude glycerol into other high added value such as biofuels, green chemicals and food supplements - Pillar 3: Industrial feasibility aspects including economic and environmental evaluation. This pillar will take the results of GRAIL from the product development to the industrial site. To carry out that the technical feasibility will be study on a pilot plant in a Demonstration (and the results will be important to evaluate the LCA and the economic feasibility (WP6).
This study has to be understood in the frame of the global Energy Policy. A great part of world energy production is currently based on non-renewable sources: oil, gas and coal. Global warming and restricted fossil energy sources force a strong demand for another climate compatible energy supply. Therefore, fossil energy sources will nearly disappear until the end of this century. The question is to find a viable replacement. By using viable' it is meant a low-cost and environmental friendly energy. In other words, the question is to find an alternative to nuclear energy among all proposed but still not mature renewable energies. One of the solutions proposed is solar energy. Yet, two major concerns slow down its development as an alternative: first, it lacks of technological maturity and secondly it suffers from alternating supply during days and nights, winters and summers. The idea proposed by Glaser in the sixties to bypass this inconvenient is to take the energy at the source (or at least, as near as possible): in other words, to put a solar station on orbit that captures the energy without problems of climatic conditions and to redirect it through a beam to the ground. That is the concept of Solar Power Satellites. Its principal feasibility was shown by DOE / NASA in 1970 years studies (5 GW SPS in GEO). Project objectives: This phase 1 study activity is to be seen as the initial step of a series of investigations on the viability of power generation in space facing towards an European strategy on renewable, CO2 free energy generation, including a technology development roadmap pacing the way to establish in a step-wise approach on energy generation capabilities in space. The entire activity has to be embedded in an international network of competent, experienced partners. As part of this, an interrelationship to and incorporation of activities targeting the aims of the EU 6th FP ESSPERANS should be maintained. In particular, the activities related to following objectives are described: The generation of scientifically sound and objective results on terrestrial CO2 emission free power generation solutions in comparison with state-of-the-art space based solar power solutions The detailed comparison and trades between the terrestrial and the space based solutions in terms of cost, reliability and risk The identification of possible synergies between ground and space based power generation solutions The assessment on terrestrial energy storage needs by combining ground based with space based energy generation solutions The investigation of the viability of concepts in terms of energy balance of the complete systems and payback times.