This metadata refers to the vector data covering 100 cities in Europe in 2021, for which Urban Heat Island modelling is available, the percentage of educational facilities that are located within the extent of urban heat island of 2 degrees Celsius or more than the regional average. The Urban Heat Island intensity exacerbates high temperatures in cities and thus may pose additional risks to human thermal comfort and health. Urban heat island (UHI) is an urban or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the UHI effect is from the modification of land surfaces. The data is included in the European Climate and Health Observatory: https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/observatory. The European Climate and Health Observatory platform provides easy access to a wide range of relevant publications, tools, websites and other resources related to climate change and human health.
This metadata refers to the vector data covering 100 cities in Europe in 2021, for which Urban Heat Island modelling is available, the percentage of healthcare services (hospitals) that are located within the extent of urban heat island of 2 degrees or more than the regional average. The Urban Heat Island intensity exacerbates high temperatures in cities and thus may pose additional risks to human thermal comfort and health. Urban heat island (UHI) is an urban or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the UHI effect is from the modification of land surfaces. The data is included in the European Climate and Health Observatory: https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/observatory. The European Climate and Health Observatory platform provides easy access to a wide range of relevant publications, tools, websites and other resources related to climate change and human health.
The new urban sprawl metric, named "Weighted Urban Proliferation“ (WUP) is based on the following definition of urban sprawl: the more area is built over in a given landscape (amount of built-up area) and the more dispersed this built-up area is in the landscape (spatial configuration), and the higher the uptake of built-up area per inhabitant or job (lower utilisation intensity in the built-up area), the higher the degree of urban sprawl. Weighted Urban Proliferation (WUP) metric has three components: the percentage of built-up areas (PBA), the dispersion of the built-up areas (DIS), and land uptake per person (LUP).
An urban morphological zone (UMZ) is defined as a "set of urban areas laying less than 200 m apart". This layer contains UMZ delineations for Europe, based on Corine Land Cover database. During 2012, the UMZ methodology was updated in order to correct errors derived for the water course as join elements between urban areas. Previous version applied over CLC v15 (and previous version) joined many small urban areas due to the water presence. This fact was erroneous from the landscape and urban perspective as most of those areas remain as urban-rural typologies. Moreover, water courses cannot be considered as roads from the urban morphological view (either from the commuting point of understanding). This new version, known as v16, corrected this effect in the majority of cases.
Changes between UMZs in 2000 and UMZs in 2006 using CLC version 16. Most changes are Positive changes, understood as areas of urban sprawl (i.e. new UMZ areas between 2000 and 2006), while negative changes describe the reduction of a certain UMZ between 2000 and 2006 (warning: some negative changes might be due to different interpretations between 2000-2006).
Changes between UMZs in 1990 and UMZs in 2000 using CLC version 16. Most changes are Positive changes, understood as areas of urban sprawl (i.e. new UMZ areas between 1990 and 2000), while negative changes describe the reduction of a certain UMZ between 1990 and 2000 (warning: some negative changes might be due to different interpretations between 1990-2000).
This series refers to datasets related to the presence of people; livelihoods; species or ecosystems; environmental functions, services, and resources; infrastructure; or economic, social, or cultural assets in places and settings that could be adversely affected by climate hazards, including flooding, wildfires and urban heat island effects. The datasets are part of the European Climate Adaptation Platform (Climate-ADAPT) accessible here: https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/
Das Projekt "Integriertes kommunales Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von ICLEI - Local Goverments for Sustainability, Europasekretariat GmbH durchgeführt. The PRIMUS project has been designed to bridge the gap between research on the European level on one hand, and policy-making at (and for) the local level on the other hand. The theme chosen for this 36-months coordination action is 'sustainable urban management', thus covering the way how the various policy areas of urban development (energy/water/waste, transport, planning and design, social inclusion, etc) are integrated, rather than one of these themes in particular. This focus is based on the assumption that the decoupling of environmental degradation and economic growth can only be achieved through a better management and governance of the largely inter-dependent issues of urban development. Indicators and information systems, efficient and effective policy processes, and innovative public participation are the main instruments to set ambitious targets, gain wide acceptance, and implement behavioural changes in society. The project is built around a series of events of different nature - so-called Connection Fora, Linkage Fora and Implementation Fora - linking into and building upon each other. They convene local governments from across Europe, researchers in the field of urban sustainability management, and national ministries and agencies dealing with sustainability policies directed at the local level in their respective Member States. A pilot dimension of the project is the 'explorative application' of two selected research-based tools for sustainable urban management by some 100 local governments throughout Europe. This application should explore the connectivity between research and policy-making and deliver criteria for its general enhancement in other thematic areas and in the future. With the European Report on Urban Sustainability - the first of its kind and derived from this explorative application - PRIMUS will demonstrate the fascinating potential of a better connectivity between research and policy-making.