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Recycling von Kartuschen

Zielsetzung: Dicht- und Klebstoffkartuschen finden in sehr vielen Bereichen zunehmende Anwendung. Kartuschen sind eine vom Endnutzer sehr gut akzeptierte Verpackung und Verarbeitungshilfe der Produkte. Sie zeichnen sich einerseits durch eine hohe Homogenität des Kartuschenmaterials, vorwiegend hochwertiges Polyethylen mit hoher Dichte (HDPE), und andererseits durch eine extrem variable chemische Zusammensetzung der Inhaltsstoffe aus. In ersten Voruntersuchungen wurde festgestellt, dass etwa 90 % der gesammelten Kartuschen MS (modifizierte Silan-)Polymer , Acryl- und Silikon-haltige Restinhaltstoffe aufwiesen. Die restlichen 10 % beinhalten eine Vielzahl anderer Inhaltsstoffe (u. a. Bitumen, Polyurethan, Zement). Die Menge und der Zustand der in den Kartuschen verbliebenen Restinhaltstoffe variiert stark. Dichtstoffkartuschen werden als „nicht recyclingfähig“ eingestuft. Dies liegt an der sehr variablen Zusammensetzung der Inhaltsstoffe und deren Rückstände in der Kartusche, die bei der Kreislaufführung des HDPEs zu massiven Problemen führen (z. B. Silikonrückstände). Deshalb werden Kartuschen in Deutschland derzeit thermisch verwertet, in anderen europäischen Ländern auch deponiert. Marktanalysen gehen davon aus, dass in Deutschland jährlich 60- 70 Mio. Stück Kartuschen in Verkehr gebracht werden. In Europa fallen pro Jahr rund 45.000 t Kartuschenabfälle an. Aufgrund der hohen Mengen und des ungelösten Entsorgungsproblems sollen die Hersteller verstärkt in die Pflicht genommen werden. Für die Verwendung von Kunststoffen werden von der EU zwischenzeitlich Aufschläge von 800 €/t erhoben. Es ist absehbar, dass diese Aufschläge früher oder später an die Hersteller weitergereicht werden. Auf EU-Ebene wurden und werden auch Diskussionen über ein Verbot nicht-recyclingfähiger Kunststoffverpackungen geführt. Im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens soll die Recyclingfähigkeit von Dicht- und Klebstoffkartuschen untersucht werden. Dies setzt zunächst ein effizientes Erfassungssystem voraus, das gleichermaßen beim Fachhandel, Handwerk und Sortieranlagen ansetzt und die gebrauchten Kartuschen als Monostrom separiert. Bei der Entwicklung des Recyclingprozesses sollen vorzugsweise mechanische und chemische, nachgeordnet thermische Verfahren betrachtet werden. Ziel ist die Kreislaufführung des hochwertigen HDPEs. Konkret: Aus gebrauchten Kartuschen neue Kartuschen produzieren. Wenn es gelingt HDPE in ausreichender Qualität zu gewinnen, existiert für das Rezyklat bereits ein Absatzmarkt.

Energieeffizienteres Recyclingverfahren von Altpapier

Die Papierfabrik Palm GmbH & Co. KG, mit Unternehmenssitz in Aalen (Baden-Württemberg), plant Wellpappenrohpapier aus Altpapier zukünftig äußerst energieeffizient bei hoher Qualität herzustellen. Im Vergleich zu konventioneller Technik wird der Energieverbrauch mit einer neuen Technologie um 27 Prozent reduziert. Das Pilotprojekt wird aus dem Umweltinnovationsprogramm mit über 770.000 Euro gefördert. Wellpappenrohpapiere, die das Ausgangsprodukt für Verpackungen sind, werden in einem ständig optimierten Recyclingprozess zu 100 Prozent aus verschiedenen Sorten Altpapier hergestellt. Dabei kommt es vor, dass auch noch wertvolle verwertbare Fasern gemeinsam mit den im Altpapier vorhandenen Störstoffen aussortiert werden und dem Prozess verloren gehen. Daher ist es sinnvoll, die Auflöseaggregate den jeweiligen Festigkeitseigenschaften der verwendeten Altpapiere anzupassen. Mit einer neuartigen Zerfaserungstechnologie für Altpapier soll das bei der Papierfabrik Palm umgesetzt werden. Ziel des innovativen Projektes ist es, die Faserausbeute bei geringerem Energieeinsatz auf nahezu 100 Prozent zu erhöhen. Die technische Lösung hinter dem optimierten Recyclingprozess ist das 'Green Pulping Concept', bei dem zwei Pulpingtechnologien miteinander verknüpft werden. Bei einer jährlichen Produktionsmenge von 750.000 Tonnen Wellpappenrohpapiere kann das Familienunternehmen so 7.440 Megawattstunden Energie einsparen und als Folge dessen den Ausstoß von CO2-Emissionen um 2.403 Tonnen verringern. Bedingt durch die hohe Festigkeit des aufbereiteten Papiers werden zudem weniger chemische Additive eingesetzt und das Kreislaufwasser wird entlastet. Die innovative Technologie ist grundsätzlich auch auf andere Papierfabriken übertragbar, sodass ein Multiplikatoreffekt für die gesamte Branche möglich ist. Mit dem Umweltinnovationsprogramm wird die erstmalige, großtechnische Anwendung einer innovativen Technologie gefördert. Das Vorhaben muss über den Stand der Technik hinausgehen und sollte Demonstrationscharakter haben.

Economic/Climate Recovery Scorecards

As global leaders head to the G20 summit to consider solutions to the current global economic crisis, a new report prepared by Ecofys and Germanwatch for WWF and E3G reveals that many of the economic recovery packages being discussed are a missed opportunity in terms of stimulating a green recovery, and actually run the risk of locking the world into a high-carbon future. The report provides the most detailed and comprehensive analysis to date of the proposed 'stimulus' packages of five key countries - France, Germany, Italy, the UK and the US - as well as the package agreed by the European Union as a whole.

Reststoffbereitstellung/ Reststoffaufbereitung, TP1.2: Aufbau der Wertschöpfungskette Spreustroh im Technikums Maßstab zur Bereitstellung von Biomassehalbzeugen als Ausgangsbasis für Anwender

Veredlung von gemischtem Altpapier mittels Stoerstoffentlastung

cAtchment nitRous oxide Emissions and nitrAte Leaching

The accurate estimation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and monitoring of nitrate (NO3) leaching in agricultural catchments are critical for contemporary environmental science and policymaking. These issues contribute to climate change and groundwater pollution, necessitating a thorough understanding of underlying processes to develop effective mitigation strategies. Our research aims to develop a robust upscaling procedure for N2O emissions and NO3 leaching at the catchment scale, where mitigation actions are finally applied. This involves an integrated approach spanning three scientific disciplines: 1. Field and laboratory measurements: Utilizing local chamber-based and laboratory-based measurements to assess microbial N cycling fluxes and process rates, providing essential data for process understanding. 2. Remote sensing: Leveraging satellite data with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution to gather catchment-scale information on geomorphology, topography, land use, standing biomass, and soil water status, enhancing our understanding of the catchment environment. 3. Modelling: Employing a fusion of machine learning techniques and mechanistic modeling, we aim to integrate all information from the collected datasets, facilitating the upscaling of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching to the entire catchment scale. Our work program comprises two interrelated work packages focusing on data collection and modeling. WP 1 Data Collection: Creation of a comprehensive dataset, including N2O and NH3 emissions, NO3 leaching, soil d15N isotopic composition, site preference and d15N-N2O, and lab-based measurements of N process rates such as gross nitrification. This dataset will provide a deeper understanding of microbial N-cycling processes such as nitrification and denitrification and their roles in N2O production and NO3 leaching. Hot spot monitoring: Continuous measurements at model-guided identified N2O emission hot spots, covering potential hot moments such as freeze-thaw periods and fertilization events. WP 2 Modeling: Machine Learning: Extracting knowledge from all collected data to create models predicting N2O emissions and NO3 leaching. Mechanistic modelling: Improving a state-of-the-art biogeochemical model that includes a spatially explicit hydrology model for the lateral flow of water and nutrients. Improving will be particularly based on incorporating isotopic data and an isotopic tracing model. Combining machine learning and mechanistic models to benefit from each other, with mechanistic models enhancing machine learning through providing additional data and machine learning to identify and improve structural deficiencies of the mechanistic model. This interdisciplinary proposal seeks to advance our understanding of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching at the catchment scale, ultimately providing valuable insights for environmental assessment and mitigation strategies in agricultural landscapes.

LegacyVegetation: Asian reconstruction of past plant cover and total tree cover from pollen archives of the last 14 ka

This data set presents the reconstructed vegetation cover for 446 Asian sites based on harmonized pollen data from the data set LegacyPollen 2.0. Sugita's REVEALS model (2007) was applied to all pollen records using REVEALSinR from the DISQOVER package (Theuerkauf et al. 2016). Pollen counts were translated into vegetation cover by accounting for taxon-specific pollen productivity and fall speed. Additionally, relevant source areas of pollen were calculated using the aforementioned taxon-specific parameters and a Gaussian plume model for deposition and dispersal. Values for relative pollen productivity and fall speed from the synthesis from Wiezcorek and Herzschuh (2010) were updated with recent studies used to reconstruct vegetation cover. The average values from all Northern Hemisphere values were used where taxon-specific continental values were unavailable. As REVEALS was conceived to reconstruct vegetation from large lakes, only records originating from large lakes (>= 50h) are marked as "valid as site" in the dataset. Reconstructions from other records can be used when spatially averaging several together. An example script to do so is provided on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12800290). Reconstructed tree cover was validated using modern Landsat remote sensing forest cover. Reconstructed tree cover has much lower errors than the original arboreal pollen percentages. Reconstructions of individual taxa are more uncertain. We present tables with reconstructed vegetation cover for all continents with original parameters. As further details, we list a table with the taxon-specific parameters used, metadata for all records, and a list of parameters adjusted in the default version of REVEALSinR.

Seawater carbonate chemistry and behavioural trait expression of polar invertebrates

Here, we examine the ecosystem ramifications of changes in sediment-dwelling invertebrate bioturbation behaviour—a key process mediating nutrient cycling—associated with nearfuture environmental conditions (+ 1.5 °C, 550 ppm [pCO2]) for species from polar regions experiencing rapid rates of climate change. This dataset is included in the OA-ICC data compilation maintained in the framework of the IAEA Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (see https://oa-icc.ipsl.fr). Original data were downloaded from Polar Data Centre (see Source) by the OA-ICC data curator. In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2024) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2024-07-11.

Maps resulting from Spatial Prioritisation carried out for iAtlantic - Systematic Conservation Planning reported in D5.3 and included in MS25

This data publication contains maps resulting from spatial prioritisations conducted for the iAtlantic D5.3 report on Systematic Conservation Planning of the wider Atlantic Ocean based on results generated by the iAtlantic project. The maps were produced using the prioritizr R package (Hanson et al. 2023), which identifies priority areas for achieving specific conservation goals while minimising costs. The various prioritisations were developed to address multiple research questions related to: (1) identifying priority areas for conservation and restoration, (2) transboundary conservation, (3) climate-smart conservation planning, and (4) protecting 30% of the Atlantic Ocean, including 10% under strict protection. The results are organised into subfolders based on the research questions addressed and further categorised into data-rich and data-poor regions, along with aggregate results for each region. Further, the results are organised into subfolders representing multiple scenarios executed using various cost layers, including area-based, Global Fishing Watch (GFW, 2023) benthic, GFW total fishing, Global Fisheries Landings (GFL, Watson 2019) v4.0 benthic, and GFL v4.0 total landings. Each map filename provides descriptive information about the executed scenario.

Geochemical parameters in peat depth profiles from ombrotrophic bogs in North and Central Europe. Drebbersches Moor, Germany

This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).

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