Multibeam data were collected with RV Polarstern along the route of cruise PS145/1 and data acquisition was continuously monitored during the survey. Multibeam sonar system was Teledyne/Atlas Hydrosweep DS3. SVPs were retrieved from SV probe and CTD data, as well as synthetic profiles from World Ocean Atlas 18. SVPs were processed with HydrOffice SoundSpeedManager (https://www.hydroffice.org/soundspeed/main) and extended with World Ocean Atlas 18 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA18). SVP data were applied during acquisition. Multibeam data are unprocessed and may contain outliers and blunders and should not be used for grid calculations and charting projects without further editing. The raw multibeam sonar data in Teledyne Reson multibeam processing format (.s7k) were recorded with Teledyne PDS software. Raw data files can be processed using software packages like CARIS HIPS/SIPS. For updated vessel configuration files check further details.
Within phase 2 of the CAOS research unit we will work towards a holistic framework to explore how spatial organization alongside with spatial heterogeneity controls terrestrial water and energy cycles in intermediate scale catchments. 'Holistic' means for us to link the 'how' to the 'why' by drawing from generic understanding of landscape formation and biotic controls on processes and structures as well as to rely on exemplary experimental learning in a hypothesis and theory based manner. This also implies treatment of soil, vegetation and atmosphere as coupled system rather than a linear combination of different compartments. To jointly work towards this goal we propose 7 projects which will closely cooperate within two overarching work packages:WP1: Linking hydrological similarity with landscape structure across scalesWP2: Searching for appropriate catchment models and organizing principles. Within WP1 we will further refine the existing stratified multi-method and multi-sensor setup to search for functional entities in the Attert and, if they exist, to learn in an exemplary manner which structural features control functional characteristics. This essentially includes identification of suitable metrics to discriminate functional and structural similarity from data as well as identification of useful quantitative descriptors for the rather fuzzy term 'hydrological function'. Overall we aim to synthesize a protocol to decide 'where to assess which data for what reasons' for characterizing hydrological functioning across a scale range of four orders of magnitude.Within WP2 we will foster our distillery of parsimonious and nevertheless physically consistent model structures which rely on observable quantities and make use of symmetries in the landscape to simplify the governing model equations in a hypothesis based manner. To this end we will compare concurring model structures (among those the CAOS model) and work towards a framework for an objective model inter comparison with special emphasis on a) the added value of different data/information sources and b) on consistency of predictions with respect to distributed dynamics and integral flows. Additionally, we aim in WP2 at linking the 'how' to the 'why' by synthesizing testable hypotheses that could explain whether spatial organization has evolved in accordance with candidate organizing principles. Ecology, fluvial geomorphology and thermodynamics offer a large set of candidate organizing principles for this issue. Based on our recent work we will focus especially on thermodynamic limits and optimality principles like maximum entropy production, explore their value for uncalibrated hydrological predictions and work out the necessary requirements on data and models for testing these principles. We put special emphasis on a possible experimental falsification of these candidate principles; also in close collaboration with the B2-Landscape Evolution Observatory in Tucson, Arizona.
As part of the CDRmare joint project GEOSTOR (https://geostor.cdrmare.de/), the BGR created detailed static geological 3D models for two potential CO2 storage structures in the Middle Buntsandstein in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the German North Sea and supplemented them with petrophysical parameters (e.g. porosities, permeabilities). The 3D geological model (Pilot area B; ~560 km2) is located in the north-western part of the German North Sea sector, the so-called “Entenschnabel”, an approximately 150 kilometer long and 30 kilometer wide area between the offshore sectors of the Netherlands, Denmark and Great Britain (pilot region B). The model in the Ducks Beak is based on several high-resolution 3D seismic data and geophysical/geological information from four exploration wells. It includes 20 generalized faults and the following 16 horizon surfaces: 1) Sea Floor, 2) Mid Miocene Unconformity, 3) Base Tertiary, 4) Base Upper Cretaceous, 5) Base Lower Cretaceous, 6) Base Upper Jurassic, 7) Base Lower Jurassic, 8) Base Muschelkalk, 9) Base Röt, 10) Base Solling Formation, 11) Base Detfurth Formation, 12) Base Volpriehausen Wechselfolge, 13) Base Volpriehausen Formation, 14) Base Triassic, 15) Base Zechstein, 16) Top Basement. The reservoir formed by sandstones of the Middle Buntsandstein is located within the Mads Graben, which is bounded to the west by the extensive Mads Fault (normal fault). Marine mudstones of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous serve as the main seal formations. Petrophysical analyses of all considered well data were conducted and reservoir properties (including porosity and permeability) were calculated to determine the static reservoir capacity for these potential CO2 storage structures. The model parameterized and can be used for further dynamic simulations of storage capacity, geo-risk, and infrastructure analyses, in order to develop a comprehensive feasibility study for potential CO2 storage within the project framework. The 3D models were created by the BGR between 2021 and 2024. SKUA-GOCAD was used as the modeling software. We would like to thank AspenTech for providing licenses for their SSE software package as part of the Academic Program (https://www.aspentech.com/en/academic-program).
This subproject aims to analyze the fragmentation of forest policy at both an international and national level for the selected countries, employing a discourse analysis approach. It is split into two sub-subprojects (SSPs). 'SSPa' conducts an analysis of discursive genealogies of forest policy in Germany, Sweden, and the US. 'SSPb' investigates the history of forest related discourses in three global environmental policy processes (UNFF, CBD, and UNFCCC). In doing so, both SSPs follow a three step procedure: In the first work package, relevant literature is reviewed and a theoretical and analytical framework is developed. In the second work package, empirical data (mostly formal and informal policy documents) are gathered and analyzed. In the third work package, emphasis is placed on the role of political 'elites' in the creation of fragmented forest policy discourses at different levels; in-depth interviews with policy stakeholders and experts add another perspective to the analysis in this work package. The project is expected to develop a new understanding not only of the fragmentation of multi-level and multi-sector forest policy discourses, but also of the way in which 'discourse elites' interact with and within these discourses. The results of the work packages will be published in peer reviewed journals and discussed with policy stakeholders and scientists in conferences and workshops.
In diesem Projekt sollen mit COSMO-SPECS, einem 3D-Wolkenmodell mit einer spektralen Beschreibung der wolken-mikrophysikalischen Prozesse von Hydrometeoren und Aerosolpartikeln, Modellsimulationen durchgeführt werden. Da dasselbe mikrophysikalische Schema in dem Luftpaketmodell enthalten ist, mit dem in INUIT-1 gearbeitet wurde, werden alle neuen Entwicklungen und Verbesserungen der Mikrophysik aus INUIT-1 direkt in COSMO-SPECS übertragen. Zunächst soll ein künstlicher Testfall simuliert werden, eine Wärmeblase über einem flachen Gelände. Sensitivitätsstudien sollen die Entwicklung der Eisphase und die Bildung von Niederschlag aufzeigen, wobei die Verteilung und die Typen der Eisnukleations-Partikel auf realistische Weise variiert werden. Ein anderer Schwerpunkt der Sensitivitätsstudien soll auf der Wirkung von sog. kleinen Triggern liegen, wie etwa Eisnukleations-Partikel oder Gefriermoden (z.B. biologische Partikel oder Kontaktgefrieren), die keine signifikanten Effekte hinsichtlich der Anzahl der entstehenden Eispartikel zeigen, aber doch die Dynamik der Wolke in einer Weise beeinflussen können, dass sich im Endeffekt die Eisbildung erhöht. Weiterhin ist in Zusammenarbeit mit INUIT RP5 eine Fallstudie geplant, die auf INUIT Feldexperimenten basiert. Hier sollen die Beiträge der verschiedenen eisbildenden Prozesse quantifiziert werden und dadurch die atmosphärische Relevanz der Eisbildungs-Regimes, wie sie in INUIT Labor- und Feldexperimenten untersucht werden, abgeschätzt werden. Gleichzeitig werden neue Parametrisierungen für Partikel, die während INUIT-2 untersucht werden, entwickelt und in das mikrophysikalische Schema eingebunden; vorhandene Parametrisierungen sollen weiter modifiziert und verbessert werden. Dieses Projekt schließt selbst auch Laborexperimente zum Kontakt- und Immersionsgefrieren ein, die am Mainzer vertikalen Windkanal und mit einer akustischen Tropfenfalle durchgeführt werden. Hier liegt der Schwerpunkt auf einer Verbesserung des Kontaktgefrierens. Die Experimente sollen am Mainzer vertikalen Windkanal durchgeführt werden, wobei unterkühlte Tropfen in einem Luftstrom, der die potentiellen Kontakteiskeime mit sich führt, frei ausgeschwebt werden. Auf diese Weise kann die Anzahl der Kollisionen zwischen Tropfen und Partikeln berechnet und die Gefriereffizienz, d.h. die Gefrierwahrscheinlichkeit für eine Tropfen-Partikel Kollision bestimmt werden.
Water, carbon and nitrogen are key elements in all ecosystem turnover processes and they are related to a variety of environmental problems, including eutrophication, greenhouse gas emissions or carbon sequestration. An in-depth knowledge of the interaction of water, carbon and nitrogen on the landscape scale is required to improve land use and management while at the same time mitigating environmental impact. This is even more important under the light of future climate and land use changes.In the frame of the proposal 'Uncertainty of predicted hydro-biogeochemical fluxes and trace gas emissions on the landscape scale under climate and land use change' we advocate the development of fully coupled, process-oriented models that explicitly simulate the dynamic interaction of water, carbon and nitrogen turnover processes on the landscape scale. We will use the Catchment Modelling Framework CMF, a modular toolbox to implement and test hypothesis of hydrologic behaviour and couple this to the biogeochemical LandscapeDNDC model, a process-based dynamic model for the simulation of greenhouse gas emissions from soils and their associated turnover processes.Due to the intrinsic complexity of the models in use, the predictive uncertainty of the coupled models is unknown. This predictive (global) uncertainty is composed of stochastic and structural components. Stochastic uncertainty results from errors in parameter estimation, poorly known initial states of the model, mismatching boundary conditions or inaccuracies in model input and validation data. Structural uncertainty is related to the flawed or simplified description of natural processes in a model.The objective of this proposal is therefore to quantify the global uncertainty of the coupled hydro-biogeochemical models and investigate the uncertainty chain from parameter uncertainty over forcing data uncertainty up the structural model uncertainty be setting up different combinations of CMF and LandscapeDNDC. A comprehensive work program has been developed structured in 4 work packages, that consist of (1) model set up, calibration and uncertainty assessment on site scale followed by (2) an application and uncertainty assessment of the coupled model structures on regional scale, (3) global change scenario analyses and finally (4) evaluating model results in an ensemble fashion.Last but not least, a further motivation of this proposal is to provide project results in a manner that they support planning and decision taking under uncertainty, as this proposal is part of the package proposal on 'Methodologies for dealing with uncertainties in landscape planning and related modelling'.
Die traceless materials GmbH ist ein Bioökonomie Start-up Unternehmen, das im Jahr 2020 als Ausgründung der TU Hamburg hervorgegangen ist. Das Hauptgeschäftsfeld stellt die Entwicklung und Produktion des traceless Materials (rückstandslos biologisch abbaubares Material) für den Kunststoffverarbeitungsmarkt dar. Erklärtes Ziel ist, einen messbaren Beitrag zur Lösung der weltweiten Verschmutzung durch Kunststoffe zu leisten. Die traceless materials GmbH stellt mittels eines innovativen Verfahrens ein Material her, welches vergleichbare Eigenschaften wie Kunststoff besitzt. Es handelt sich dabei aber um eine neuartige Materialkategorie. Konventioneller Kunststoff wird in einem synthetischen Verfahren und zum Großteil aus fossilen Rohstoffen hergestellt. Der Rohstoff in diesem Projekt hingegen sind pflanzliche Reststoffe, welche nach der Extraktion der natürlichen Polymere noch als Futtermittel oder zur energetischen Verwertung genutzt werden können. Im Vorhaben soll eine Demonstrationsanlage mit einer Kapazität von mehreren Tausend Tonnen pro Jahr errichtet und betrieben werden. Im Herstellungsprozess des traceless Materials wird als Rohstoff ein pflanzlicher Reststoff verwendet, der als Nebenprodukt der industriellen Getreideverarbeitung anfällt. Mit einem zum Patent angemeldeten Verfahren werden daraus natürliche Polymere extrahiert und zu einem Granulat verarbeitet. Dieses Granulat kann mit gängigen Technologien der Kunststoffverarbeitung zu verschiedenen Produktanwendungen weiterverarbeitet werden, beispielsweise im Spritzguss oder der Extrusion. Das hergestellte Material könnte z.B. zur Herstellung von Einwegverpackungen und -produkten, welche leicht in die Umwelt gelangen oder sich nicht recyceln lassen, eingesetzt werden und so zur Verbrauchsminderung fossiler Rohstoffe beitragen. Damit soll auch die Umweltverschmutzung zurückgehen, da das Material sich rückstandslos abbaut und nicht schädlich für Flora und Fauna ist, wenn es unsachgemäß in der Umwelt entsorgt werden sollte. Produkte, die aus dem Material hergestellt werden, sind entweder über den Restmüll oder bei Verpackungen über den gelben Sack/die gelbe Tonne/Wertstofftonne zu entsorgen. In beiden Fällen werden sie energetisch verwertet, da der Marktanteil für eine sortenreine Sammlung und mechanisches Recycling derzeit zu gering ist. Eine Entsorgung über die Bioabfallsammlung ist nicht zulässig, auch wenn das Material zertifiziert gartenkompostierbar ist. Bei einer Kompostierung würde auch der energetische Nutzen verloren gehen. Bei einer jährlichen Produktionskapazität von mehreren Tausend Tonnen können nicht nur substantiell CO 2 -Emissionen und fossile Energieträger, sondern auch Wasser und Landressourcen eingespart werden. Das Verfahren ist für eine Vielzahl von Unternehmen der Chemie- und Kunststoffindustrie übertragbar. Da das Material auf den gängigen Anlagen der kunststoffverarbeitenden Industrie eingesetzt werden kann, ist eine Übertragbarkeit ohne (hohen) Aufwand möglich. Weiterhin wird an der Übertragbarkeit dieses Verfahrens der Polymerextraktion auf andere Reststoffe von Getreide geforscht. Branche: Chemische und pharmazeutische Erzeugnisse, Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren Umweltbereich: Ressourcen Fördernehmer: traceless materials GmbH Bundesland: Hamburg Laufzeit: seit 2023 Status: Laufend
The NEARESTproject (Integrated observations from NEAR shore sourcES of Tsunamis: towards an early warning system) aimed at the identification and characterization of potential near-shore sources of tsunamis in the Gulf of Cadiz. This area is well known from the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami that destroyed Lisbon and several other places mainly along the EastAtlantic coast on November 1st, 1755. One of the project's work packages dealed with monitoring of recent seismic activity in the Gulf of Cadiz area. For this purpose 24 broadband ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) from the German DEPAS instrument pool were deployed for 11 months in addition to the GEOSTAR multi-parameter deep-sea observatory and two temporary land stations in Portugal. The GEOSTAR observatory and the 24 OBS were deployed and recovered during two expeditions with RV Urania in 2007 and 2008. The OBSs consist of three‐component Guralp CMG‐40T‐OBS seismometers and HighTech HTI‐04‐PCA/ULF hydrophones. A wide range of signals was recorded, ncluding teleseismic, regional and local earthquakes, and low‐frequency (∼20 Hz) vocalization of fin whales. The GEOSTAR observatory was again deployed between 2009 and 2011. The Portuguese temporary land station PDRG was additionally recording during the NEAREST project. Originally, the position of recovery on deck was taken to calculate the mean coordinate of the OBS at depth from deployment and recovery coordinates. In most cases the difference in coordinates between deployment and recovery is very small (table 3 and 4 in Carrara et al., 2008). For two stations, the location at the seafloor could be measured by triangulation (Carrara et al., 2008). Due to experience of other experiments over the years, we finally suggest to use the deployment coordinates as the station coordinates for all stations that could not be tri-angulated. The clocks were synchronized with GPS time before the deployment and if possible again after the recovery. Unfortunately, most of the batteries were empty at the end of the recording period. That either made it impossible to realize the second synchronisation (skew time measurement) or in some case also caused erroneous synchronisations. Therefore, the internal clock drift was estimated by ambient noise analysis (Corela, 2014). The internal clock drifts were corrected using a linear interpolation method. Generally, the data quality is very good, especially for the intended study of local and regional earthquakes. Studies relying on wideband seismological recordings can also be carried out. The sensor package and noise conditions hamper the use for broadband and very broadband applications. Unfortunately, also not all channels operated properly, therefore hampering the use of multi-component methods for the relevant stations. We thank the captain E. Gentile, crew, G. Carrara, and all participants of the R/V URANIA expeditions in 2007 and 2008. We are grateful to all people and institutions involved in the NEAREST project. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9H.
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