Die Entwicklung neuer Photovoltaikmodule orientiert sich bisher hauptsächlich an der Senkung der Produktstückkosten und der Steigerung der Modulleistung. Jedoch spielt der Gesamtertrag eines Moduls über die Lebensdauer die größte Rolle bei der Beurteilung der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Moduls. Dafür ist die Qualität und Langlebigkeit von Solarmodulen entscheidend, welche wesentlich auf der zuverlässigen Funktion der einzelnen Modulkomponenten im Zusammenspiel unter wechselnden Betriebsbedingungen basiert. Für existierende und zukünftige PV-Modultechnologien ist es daher essentiell, die einzelnen Komponenten im Modulverbund möglichst frühzeitig im Entwicklungsprozess hinsichtlich ihrer Zuverlässigkeit bewerten und optimieren zu können. Die Installation der Module in besonderen Klimaten erfordert besondere Zuverlässigkeitstests, sowohl um das Produkt zu verbessern als auch um die höhere Qualität nachzuweisen. Leitziele des Projekts sind den Ertrag eines PV-Moduls über die gesamte Betriebsdauer wirtschaftlich zu steigern, sowie neuentwickelte Tests in die internationale Normenarbeit einzubringen. Besondere Forschungsschwerpunkte liegen in der Entwicklung einer Feldfehler-Datenbank und einer Produkt-FMEA-Analyse sowie in der Untersuchung der Auswirkung von Wüstenklima und Hagelschlag. Weitere Untersuchungen betreffen Glasbeschichtungen und die mechanische Stabilität der Module und Komponenten.
Objective: CARBOCHANGE will provide the best possible process-based quantification of net ocean carbon uptake under changing climate conditions using past and present ocean carbon cycle changes for a better prediction of future ocean carbon uptake. We will improve the quantitative understanding of key biogeochemical and physical processes through a combination of observations and models. We will upscale new process understanding to large-scale integrative feedbacks of the ocean carbon cycle to climate change and rising carbon dioxide concentrations. We will quantify the vulnerability of the ocean carbon sources and sinks in a probabilistic sense using cutting edge coupled Earth system models under a spectrum of emission scenarios including climate stabilisation scenarios as required for the 5th IPCC assessment report. The drivers for the vulnerabilities will be identified. The most actual observations of the changing ocean carbon sink will be systematically integrated with the newest ocean carbon models, a coupled land-ocean model, an Earth system model of intermediate complexity, and fully fledged Earth system models through a spectrum of data assimilation methods as well as advanced performance assessment tools. Results will be optimal process descriptions and most realistic error margins for future ocean carbon uptake quantifications with models under the presently available observational evidence. The project will deliver calibrated future evolutions of ocean pH and carbonate saturation as required by the research community on ocean acidification in the EU project EPOCA and further projects in this field. The time history of atmosphere-ocean carbon fluxes past, present, and future will be synthesised globally as well as regionally for the transcontinental RECCAP project. Observations and model results will merge into GEOSS/GEO through links with the European coordination action COCOS and will prepare the marine branch of the European Research Infrastructure ICOS.
Der Abbau von Phosphaterz in den Tagebauen Usbekistans führt zu Umwelteinwirkungen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Umwelteinflüsse unter extremen Wüstenklima zu bestimmen und Maßnahmen zu deren Minderung zu begründen.
The proposed project is the follow-up project of our present SNF-project CAPAC (Climate And Pol-lution Analysis of Cairo) phase one. Its main purpose is the finishing of the work begun in phase one in terms of methodology and data analysis. CAPAC is conducted by a doctorand, Miss Corinne Frey. CAPAC aims to combine in situ measurements of the energy balance with remote sensing tech-niques to parameterise urban and non-urban heat fluxes of the mega-city Cairo, Egypt and its surroundings. Cairo is located within a green north-south oriented strip of agricultural land and on the other hand between two desserts in the west and east. This makes the location of Cairo unique and very interesting for an urban climate study like this. Scientific objectives are the computation of very high resolution radiation and heat fluxes in urban areas under the conditions of spatial homogeneity/ heterogeneity of urban land cover. Very interesting is the analysis of how urban greens influence the urban heat fluxes and how the new suburbs of Cairo, which are expanding into the dessert explosively, will modify the local climate. The population of Cairo is growing several hundred thousand people per year. During the first phase of CAPAC a field campaign was conducted in Cairo. This data serve as calibration and validation of the remote sensing analysis. Following this campaign, algorithm development and data analysis will be the main task of the following months. This includes the analysis of the in situ measured flux data, as well as the evaluation of the estimated radiation and energy balance terms using ASTER and LANDSAT remotely sensed data. Main tasks in the determination of the radiation and energy balance terms using satellite data will be (1) the completion of the haze-removal-algorithm for the haze contaminated scenes, (2) the completion of the algorithm for estimation of the aerosol optical depth from satellite data and (3) to improve the S-Sebi method for the estimation of the Bowen-ratio or to find a better suited method for the estimation of heat fluxes. Another task, which is primarily related to quality control is the determination of the Bi-directional reflectance function (BRF) over Cairo using satellite data from CHRIS/PROBA, which are already acquired by the European Space Agency (ESA) on our demand. To substantiate the findings from Cairo another area of interest was chosen, namely Beer Sheva, Israel. Beer Sheva is located in the middle of the desert, offering a pure desert climate. There a small follow-up field campaign is planed together with Dr. Oded Potcher from Ben Gurion University in Beer Sheva.