Das Projekt "Framework for Resource, Energy, Sustainability Treatment in Paper Production" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Papiertechnische Stiftung.FOREST will revolutionize today's industrial paper manufacturing towards CO2-neutral production and thus contribute significantly to closing the 'circular gap' in the energy transition in Germany. To this end, a modular digital twin for paper manufacturing processes is being developed. This makes it possible to record energy and material flows, and thus ultimately also CO2 flows and footprints, down to the sub-process and sub-product level. The recording takes place not only at the planning level (ERP), but also directly at the process level (MES/Edge) in interaction with digital modeling. The framework thus creates potential for the targeted acceleration of the paper industry's transformation to climate neutrality through the evaluation of current processes, but also the target-oriented assessment of the impact of possible developments.
Das Projekt "Impact of urbanisation on the allergenicity of birch pollen grains" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein.Evidence is compelling for a positive correlation between urbanisation and increment of allergic sensitisation and diseases. The reason for this association is not clear to date. Some data point to a pro-allergic effect of anthropogenic factors on susceptible individuals. Data analysing the impact of environmental - natural and anthropogenic - factors on the allergenicity of allergen carriers such as pollen grains are scarce, and if applicable only taken from in vitro experimental designs. This study will analyse one of the most common allergy inducers in northern Europe - the birch pollen. Under natural exposure conditions, birch pollen will be analysed with respect to their allergenicity. Within an interdisciplinary research team this study will evaluate the effect of natural (e.g. soil, climate, genetic background) and anthropogenic (e.g. traffic pollutants) factors on birch pollen in a holistic approach including analysis of allergen bioavailability, release of pollen associated lipid mediators from birch pollen grains, in vitro immunostimulatory activity and in vivo allergenic potential. These data collected in the time course of three years will significantly add to our understanding how urbanisation and climate change influence the allergenicity of birch pollen and will help us in the future to set up primary prevention studies.
Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1685: Ecosystem nutrition: forest strategies for limited phosphorus resources; Ökosystemernährung: Forststrategien zum Umgang mit limitierten Phosphor-Ressourcen, Soil type and land use as potential control mechanisms of river eutrophication" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Koblenz, Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abteilung Biologie.Excessive nutrient input largely impacts community structure and functioning of stream ecosystems in Central Europe (eutrophication). Within this project, we aim to evaluate the eutrophication potential of stream ecosystems. As a first step to achieve this aim, main control mechanisms influencing stream eutrophication have to be identified. We will analyze the impact of soil nutritional status (especially phosphorus), soil storage capacity, and soil nutrient release as well as land use on periphyton-grazer interaction. Therefore, we will study the periphyton-grazer interaction in the running water of 4 small catchments that differ with respect to their nutritional status, speciation and release at a forest site and an pasture site. In the field survey we will study (1) The input of macro nutrients (P and N), (2) community structure and biomass of periphyton and grazers, (3) emergence and (4) complexity of the food web and compare the results among the catchments. The periphyton-grazer interaction along nutrient gradients will be studied in more detail using laboratory flumes. By the use of geostatistical and remote sensing techniques we will interpolate macro nutrient input, -speciation and seasonality for the different catchments and link this information to periphyton quantity and quality as well as to periphyton-grazer interaction.
Das Projekt "Modelling Patagonian Lenga-forest dynamics (Nothofagus pumilio) in Chile" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Lehrstuhl für Waldwachstumskunde.The dynamics of Patagonian Lenga-forests (Nothofagus pumilio) will be studied at two long-term investigation sites of the University of Chile of Santiago. Field data will be acquired in two field campaigns and involve structural surveys, increment coring and stem analyses. The aim of the proposed project is to model Lenga forest dynamics with an individual tree-based modelling approach. Building upon experience with the SILVA model, the major challenge lies in the old growth and regeneration phase, and the gap heterogeneity which can only be represented on the landscape scale. The approach is unique in a sense that it applies principles from individual-tree modelling to the classical field of gap models. It profits from the strong competition algorithms and structural sensitivity of individual tree models and overcomes the limitation of regular grids in gap models. The project will unite 30 years field experience and data collection at the U.Chile and the modelling background at the TUM. Besides the progress in the understanding of forest growth processes, the growth model will support the sustainable silvicultural management of the resource Lenga.
Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1685: Ecosystem nutrition: forest strategies for limited phosphorus resources; Ökosystemernährung: Forststrategien zum Umgang mit limitierten Phosphor-Ressourcen, Phosphorus transport along soil pathways in forested catchments" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre.Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for living organisms. Whereas agriculture avoids P-limitation of primary production through continuous application of P fertilizers, forest ecosystems have developed highly efficient strategies to adapt to low P supply. A main hypothesis of the SPP 1685 is that P depletion of soils drives forest ecosystems from P acquiring system (efficient mobilization of P from the mineral phase) to P recycling systems (highly efficient cycling of P). Regarding P fluxes in soils and from soil to streamwater, this leads to the assumption that recycling systems may have developed strategies to minimize P losses. Further, not only the quantity but also the chemistry (P forms) of transported or accumulated P will differ between the ecosystems. In our project, we will therefore experimentally test the relevance of the two contrasting hypothetical nutritional strategies for P transport processes through the soil and into streamwater. As transport processes will occur especially during heavy rainfall events, when preferential flow pathways (PFPs) are connected, we will focus on identifying those subsurface transport paths. The chemical P fractionation in PFPs will be analyzed to draw conclusions on P accumulation and transport mechanism in soils differing in their availability of mineral bound P (SPP core sites). The second approach is an intensive streamwater monitoring to detect P losses from soil to water. The understanding of P transport processes and P fluxes at small catchment scale is fundamental for estimating the P exports of forest soils into streams. With a hydrological model we will simulate soil water fluxes and estimate P export fluxes for the different ecosystems based on these simulations.
Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1685: Ecosystem nutrition: forest strategies for limited phosphorus resources; Ökosystemernährung: Forststrategien zum Umgang mit limitierten Phosphor-Ressourcen, The importance of fungal-fungal and bacterial-fungal interactions for phosphorus dynamics in forest soils" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre, Fachgebiet Bodenbiologie.Plant uptake of phosphate (P) in complex forest ecosystems relies to a great extent on microbial mineralization of P from organic and inorganic sources but the relative contributions of the microbial communities to P cycling and allocation in forest soils is not yet very well understood. Within this project we will focus on two interactions that could elucidate key processes of microbial P dynamics in forest sites. We want to clarify the importance of both fungal-fungal and bacterial-fungal interactions for P dynamics in forest soils that are transitioning from P acquiring (efficient mobilization of P from primary and secondary minerals) into P recycling systems (highly efficient cycling of P). We want to reveal furthermore the relative contributions of saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi to P cycling and allocation. Following a hierarchical approach we want to investigate: (I) the fungal-fungal interaction between saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi at the plot scale by a systematical exclusion of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field; (II) elucidate the P dynamics in the mycosphere at the small scale (mm to cm scale) by the use of trenching experiments. (III) investigate the regulation of bacterial as well as fungal P cycling in a microcosm experiment and evaluate the particular microbial uptake, allocation and cycling of P in the mycosphere by the use of several chemical and microbiological approaches. The trenching experiments will be performed on the study sites: Bad Brückenau, Conventwald, Vessertal, Mitterfels and Lüss in close proximity to beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.). The microcosm experiment will be performed under controlled conditions in the lab.
Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1685: Ecosystem nutrition: forest strategies for limited phosphorus resources; Ökosystemernährung: Forststrategien zum Umgang mit limitierten Phosphor-Ressourcen, Spatial heterogeneity of phosphorus concentration and P speciation in German forest soils" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde.In this project, we will investigate the spatial heterogeneity of soil phosphorus (concentration of total P, P speciation) in soils with different P status with modern analytical (synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy and spectromicroscopy) and geostatistical methods at different scales (soil aggregates: (sub)micron to mm scale; particular regions of soil profiles (e.g. root channels, surrounding of stones): mm to dm scale; entire soil profiles: dm to m scale; selected patches of the forest stand: m to 5m scale). We expect that our results will provide new insights about spatial heterogeneity patterns of soil P concentration and P speciation in forest soils and their relevance for P availability and P nutritional status of Norway spruce and European beech.
Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1685: Ecosystem nutrition: forest strategies for limited phosphorus resources; Ökosystemernährung: Forststrategien zum Umgang mit limitierten Phosphor-Ressourcen, Regulation of microbial activities, structure and function of microbial communities" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Abteilung für Umweltgenomik.In the frame of the project microbial turnover processes of phosphorous shall be investigated in forest soils and drivers for the corresponding populations as well as their activity pattern shall be described. Furthermore microbial transport and uptake systems for phosphorous should be characterized to understand the competition between plants and microbes for phosphorous in more detail, in relation to the availability of phosphorous and other nutrients. Therefore it is planned to investigate different soil compartments with different nutrient amounts (litter layer - rhizosphere - bulk soil). To reach the described goal molecular metagenomic methods will be used to characterize the structure and function of microbial communities as well as to describe the regulation of selected important pathways. In addition quantitative real time PCR and enzymatic measurements will be used to describe the abundance and activity of the corresponding populations and to describe their relevance for P turnover in the different soil compartments under investigation. With this we hope to reconstruct mainly the microbial phosphorous cycle and give important data to improve the model development of P dynamics in forest soils.
Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1685: Ecosystem nutrition: forest strategies for limited phosphorus resources; Ökosystemernährung: Forststrategien zum Umgang mit limitierten Phosphor-Ressourcen, Microbial P mobilization and immobilization in the rhizosphere and root-free soil (SPP: P Nutrition & recycling)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Bayreuth, Fachgruppe Geowissenschaften, Bayreuther Zentrum für Ökologie und Umweltforschung (BayCEER), Lehrstuhl für Bodenökologie.Soil microorganisms can mobilize and immobilize phosphorus (P), and therefore strongly affect the availability of P to plants. In this project we hypothesize that the ratio of labile P to microbial P increases during the transition from acquiring to recycling ecosystems. Microbial and plant P uptake will be studied with 33P that will be quantified in microbial and plant biomass as well as in lipids. To what extent microorganisms immobilize and mobilize P during decomposition of soil organic matter will be explored with a 14C/33P labeled monoester. Seasonal dynamics of actual and potential P mineralization (33P dilution and phosphatase activity), and microbial P immobilization will be studied with soils of the transition from acquiring to recycling ecosystems. The contribution of litter-derived P will be explored in a litter exclusion experiment in the field. Spatial patterns of microbial and plant P mineralization in the rhizosphere will be explored by analyses of areas of high acid and alkaline (=microbial-derived) phosphatase activity by soil zymography, and their relations with areas of high rhizodeposition (14C imaging). In conclusion, we will analyse mechanisms of actual and potential microbial P mineralization and immobilization, localization, and consequences for P uptake by plants.
Das Projekt "Development of an integrated forest carbon monitoring system with field sampling and remote sensing for tropical forests in Indonesia" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Göttingen, Burckhardt-Institut, Abteilung Waldinventur und Fernerkundung.Forests play a relevant role in mitigation of climate change. A major issue, however, is the scientifically well founded, transparent and verifyable monitoring of achievements in forest carbon sequestration through reduction of deforestation and forest degradation, and through fostering sustainable forest management. Monitoring is particularly difficult in diverse and inaccessible humid tropical forest areas. The proposed research will contribute to the improvement of forest carbon monitoring under the challenging conditions of humid tropical forests. Sample based field observations and model based biomass predictions will be linked to area-wide satellite remote sensing imagery (RapidEye) and to strip samples of LiDAR imagery. Techniques of linking these data sources will be further developed and analysed with respect to (1) precision of carbon estimation and (2) accuracy of carbon regionalization. The proposed project implies research on methodological improvements of both sample based forest inventories (resampling techniques for biomass, imputation of non-response) and remote sensing application to forest monitoring (regionalization, sample based application of LiDAR data). At the core of this research is the analysis of the error variance components that each data source brings into the system. Such error analysis will allow identifying optimal resource allocation for the efficient improvement of forest carbon monitoring systems.
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