Which salt formations are suitable for storing hydrogen or compressed air? In the InSpEE-DS research project, scientists developed requirements and criteria for the assessment of suitable sites even if their exploration is still at an early stage and there is little knowledge of the salinaries’ structures. Scientists at DEEP.KBB GmbH in Hanover, worked together with their project partners at BGR and the Leibniz University Hanover, Institute for Geotechnics, to develop the planning basis for the site selection and for the construction of storage caverns in flat layered salt and multiple or double saliniferous formations. Such caverns could store renewable energy in the form of hydrogen or compressed air. While the previous project InSpEE was limited to salt formations of great thickness in Northern Germany, salt horizons of different ages have now been examined all over Germany. To estimate the potential, depth contour maps of the top and the base as well as thickness maps of the respective stratigraphic units were developed. Due to the present INSPIRE geological data model, it was necessary, in contrast to the original dataset, to classify the boundary lines of the potential storage areas in the Zechstein base and thickness layers, whereby the classification of these lines was taken from the top Zechstein layer. Consequently, the boundary element Depth criterion 2000 m (Teufe-Kriterium 2000 m) corresponds on each level to the 2000 m depth of Top Zechstein. However, the boundary of national borders and the boundary of the data basis could not be implemented in the data model and are therefore not included in the dataset. Information on compressed air and hydrogen storage potential is given for the identified areas and for the individual federal states. According to the Data Specification on Geology (D2.8.II.4_v3.0) the content of InSpEE-DS (INSPIRE) is stored in 18 INSPIRE-compliant GML files: InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Isopachs_Zechstein.gml contains the Zechstein isopachs. InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Isobaths_Top_Zechstein.gml and InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Isobaths_Basis_Zechstein.gml contain the isobaths of the top and basis of Zechstein. The three files InSpEE_DS_GeologicStructure_ThicknessMap_Zechstein, InSpEE_DS_GeologicStructure_Top_Zechstein and InSpEE_DS_GeologicStructure_Basis_Zechstein represent the faults of the Zechstein body as well as at the top and at the basis of the Zechstein body. InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Boundary_element_Potential_areas_Zechstein.gml contains the boundary elments of the potential areas at the top and the basis of Zechstein as well as of the Zechstein body. The three files InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Uncertainty_areas_ThicknessMap_Zechstein.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Uncertainty_areas_Top_Zechstein.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Uncertainty_areas_Basis_Zechstein.gml represent the uncertainty areas of the Zechstein body as well as at the top and at the basis of the Zechstein body. InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Potentially_usable_storage_areas_Storage_potential_in_the_federal_states.gml comprises the areas with storage potential for renewable energy in the form of hydrogen and compressed air. The six files InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Malm.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Keuper.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Muschelkalk.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Roet.gml, InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Zechstein.gml and InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_Salt_distribution_in_Germany_Rotliegend.gml represent the salt distribution of the respective stratigraphic unit. InSpEE_DS_GeologicUnit_General_salt_distribution.gml represents the general salt distribution in Germany. This geographic information is product of a BMWi-funded research project "InSpEE-DS" running from the year 2015 to 2019. The acronym stands for "Information system salt: planning basis, selection criteria and estimation of the potential for the construction of salt caverns for the storage of renewable energies (hydrogen and compressed air) - double saline and flat salt layers".
Der zukünftig erhöhte Wasserstoffbedarf rückt den Transport über Pipelines in den Vordergrund. Durch lange Transportwege muss dieser regelmäßig auf seinen Ausgangsdruck verdichtet werden. Zur Komprimierung sind entsprechende Kompressoren notwendig, welche mit Koaleszenzfiltern ausgestattet werden müssen, um die Reinheit des Wasserstoffs beim Transport zu gewährleisten. Das Projekt beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung und Realisierung einer neuartigen Technologie zur Fertigung von Koaleszenzfiltermedien, welche mittels Schaumauftragsverfahren hergestellt werden. Ein gezieltes Design der Filtermedien ermöglicht eine Verringerung des Druckverlustes und somit ein enormes CO2-Einsparpotential. Um das CO2-Einsparpotential unter realen Bedingungen zu ermitteln, wird für Testzwecke ein Wasserstoffteststand aufgebaut. Parallel zu den Experimenten werden numerische Untersuchungen, die zu einem auf klassischen CFD-Verfahren basieren, als auch auf Machine-Learning basierten Ansätzen beruhen. Durch geeignete Co-Simulationen können Modelle für unterschiedliche Skalen berechnet werden. Die validierten Modelle werden für die Optimierung komplexer Filterstrukturen eingesetzt und erlauben eine Effizienz-Steigerung der Filtermedien.
Neue billige, leichte Wasserstoffspeicher. Zur Zeit Untersuchung von Mg- und Ca-Verbindungen. Ca-Mg-Ni-System.
Methan ist ein höchst potentes Treibhausgas, dennoch ist das globale Methanbudget durch die vielen unbekannten CH4-Quellen und -senken sehr unsicher. Die Höhe der CH4-Anreicherung in der Wassersäule hängt von komplexen Interaktionen zwischen methanogenen Archaeen und methanotrophen Bakterien ab. Das bekannte Methan Paradoxon, das die CH4-Übersättigung im oxischen Oberflächenwasserkörper von Seen und Meeren darstellt, weckt Zweifel, dass die mikrobielle CH4-Bildung nur im anoxischen Milieu stattfindet. Im oligotrophen Stechlinsee haben wir eine wiederkehrende Methanübersättigung im Epilimnion gefunden. Unsere Studien zeigen, dass das CH4 aktiv in der oxischen Wassersäule produziert wird. Die Produktion scheint dabei an die autotrophe Produktion von Grünalgen und Cyanobakterien gekoppelt zu sein. Zur gleichen Zeit sind keine methanotrophen Bakterien im Epilimnion vorhanden, so dass das CH4 nicht oxidiert wird. Unsere Haupthypothese ist, dass pelagische Methanogene hydrogenotroph sind, wobei sie den Wasserstoff aus der Photosynthese und/oder Nitrogenaseaktivität nutzen. Unsere Untersuchungshypothesen sind:1) Die CH4-Produktion ist mit der Photosynthese und/oder N-Fixierung gekoppelt, wobei hydrogenotrophe methanogene Archaeen mit den Primärproduzenten assoziiert sind. Die Methanogenen können angereichert und kultiviert werden, um Mechanismen der epilimnischen CH4-Produktion detailliert zu untersuchen.2) Die CH4-Oxidation ist durch die Abwesenheit der Methanotrophen und/oder der Photoinhibition in den oberen Wasserschichten reduziert.3) Die CH4-Produktion innerhalb mikro-anoxischer Zonen, z. B. Zooplankton und lake snow, ist nicht ausreichend für die epilimnische CH4-Produktion.Die saisonale Entwicklung des epilimnischen CH4-Peaks soll in Verbindung mit den Photoautotrophen und der Seenschichtung im Stechlinsee untersucht werden. Dabei soll eine neu-installierte Mesokosmosanlage (www.seelabor.de) genutzt werden, um CH4-Profile bei unterschiedlichen autotrophen Gemeinschaften und Seenschichtungen zu studieren. Die Verknüpfung zwischen methanogenen Archaeen und den Photoautotrophen soll in Inkubationsexperimenten mittels Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung und qPCR für funktionelle Gene untersucht werden. Methanotrophe werden quantifiziert und die Photoinhibition der CH4-Oxidation durch Inkubationsexperimente gemessen. In Laborexperimenten sollen die methanogenen Archaeen angereichert und kultiviert werden mittels dilution-to-extinction und axenischen Cyanobakterien und Grünalgen. Physiologische Studien an Anreicherungs- oder Reinkulturen sollen die zu Grunde liegenden molekularen Mechanismen ermitteln. Feld- und Laborexperimente sollen helfen, das Methan Paradoxon zu entschlüsseln, um die bisherige und potentiell wichtige CH4-Quelle zu charakterisieren und zu quantifizieren. Die Studien sollen helfen, unser Verständnis des globalen CH4-Kreislaufes zu verbessern, damit zukünftige Prognosen realistischer werden.
Durch zunehmend steigende Preise für Rohöl und gleichzeitig abnehmenden Quellen werden alternative Methoden zur Darstellung von chemischen Grundstoffen zunehmend interessanter. Eine Möglichkeit bildet die Umsetzung von Synthesegas, einem Gemisch aus Wasserstoff und Kohlenmonoxid, zu Alkoholen wie Methanol und zu Kohlenwasserstoffen. Die meisten Verfahren verwenden für die Umsetzung von Synthesegas heterogene Katalysatoren bei hohen Temperaturen und Drücken mit meist geringen Selektivitäten. Ein kontrolliertes Verfahren mit hoher Selektivität zur Darstellung von Methanol aus Synthesegas ist unter Verwendung von homogenen Katalysatoren denkbar. Als Katalysatoren sollen später Übergangsmetallhydridkomplexe mit vierzähnigen Liganden verwendet werden. Diese zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Reaktivität gegenüber CO aus. Gestützt durch mechanistische Studien und quantenchemische Berechnungen sollen neue Katalysatorsysteme für die homogene Hydrierung von CO entwickelt werden.
The WMS InSpEE (INSPIRE) provides information about the areal distribution of salt structures (salt domes and salt pillows) in Northern Germany. Contours of the salt structures can be displayed at horizontal cross-sections at four different depths up to a maximum depth of 2000 m below NN. The geodata have resulted from a BMWi-funded research project “InSpEE” running from the year 2012 to 2015. The acronym stands for "Information system salt structures: planning basis, selection criteria and estimation of the potential for the construction of salt caverns for the storage of renewable energies (hydrogen and compressed air)”. Taking into account the fact that this work was undertaken at a scale for providing an overview and not for investigation of single structures, the scale of display is limited to a minimum of 1:300.000. Additionally four horizontal cross-section maps display the stratigraphical situation at a given depth. In concurrence of maps at different depths areal bedding conditions can be determined, e.g. to generally assess and interpret the spread of different stratigraphic units. Clearly visible are extent and shape of the salt structures within their regional context at the different depths, with extent and boundary of the salt structures having been the main focus of the project. Four horizontal cross-section maps covering the whole onshore area of Northern Germany have been developed at a scale of 1:500.000. The maps cover the depths of -500, -1000, -1500, -2000 m below NN. The four depths are based on typical depth requirements of existing salt caverns in Northern Germany, mainly related to hydrocarbon storage. The shapes of the structures show rudimentary information of their geometry and their change with depths. In addition they form the starting point for rock mechanical calculations necessary for the planning and construction of salt caverns for storage as well as for assessing storage potentials. The maps can be used as a pre-selection tool for subsurface uses. It can also be used to assess coverage and extension of salt structures. Offshore areas were not treated within the project. All horizontal cross-section maps were adjusted with the respective state geological survey organisations. According to the Data Specification on Geology (D2.8.II.4_v3.0) the WMS InSpEE (INSPIRE) provides INSPIRE-compliant data. The WMS InSpEE (INSPIRE) contains two group layers: The first group layer “INSPIRE: Salt structures in Northern Germany“ comprises the layers GE.Geologic.Unit.Salt structure types, GE.GeologicUnit.Salt pillow remnants, GE.GeologicUnit.Structure-building salinar and GE.GeologicUnit.Structural outlines. The layer GE.GeologicUnit.Structural outlines contains according to the four depths four sublayers, e.g. GE.GeologiUnit.Structural outlines 500 m below NN. The second group layer „INSPIRE: Horizontal cross-section maps of Northern Germany“ comprises according to the four depths four layers, e.g. Horizontal cross-section map – 500 m below NN. This layer, in turns, contains two sublayers: GE.GeologicFault.Relevant fault traces and GE.GeologicUnit.Stratigraphic Units. Via the getFeatureInfo request the user obtains additional information on the different geometries. In case of the GE.Geologic.Unit.Salt structure types the user gets access to a data sheet with additional information and further reading in German for the respective salt structure via the getFeatureInfo request.
InSpEE (INSPIRE) provides information about the areal distribution of salt structures (salt domes and salt pillows) in Northern Germany. Contours of the salt structures can be displayed at horizontal cross-sections at four different depths up to a maximum depth of 2000 m below NN. The geodata have resulted from a BMWi-funded research project “InSpEE” running from the year 2012 to 2015. The acronym stands for "Information system salt structures: planning basis, selection criteria and estimation of the potential for the construction of salt caverns for the storage of renewable energies (hydrogen and compressed air)”. Additionally four horizontal cross-section maps display the stratigraphical situation at a given depth. In concurrence of maps at different depths areal bedding conditions can be determined, e.g. to generally assess and interpret the spread of different stratigraphic units. Clearly visible are extent and shape of the salt structures within their regional context at the different depths, with extent and boundary of the salt structures having been the main focus of the project. Four horizontal cross-section maps covering the whole onshore area of Northern Germany have been developed at a scale of 1:500.000. The maps cover the depths of -500, -1000, -1500, -2000 m below NN. The four depths are based on typical depth requirements of existing salt caverns in Northern Germany, mainly related to hydrocarbon storage. The shapes of the structures show rudimentary information of their geometry and their change with depths. In addition they form the starting point for rock mechanical calculations necessary for the planning and construction of salt caverns for storage as well as for assessing storage potentials. The maps can be used as a pre-selection tool for subsurface uses. It can also be used to assess coverage and extension of salt structures. Offshore areas were not treated within the project. All horizontal cross-section maps were adjusted with the respective state geological survey organisations. According to the Data Specification on Geology (D2.8.II.4_v3.0) the content of InSpEE (INSPIRE) is stored in 15 INSPIRE-compliant GML files: InSpEE_GeologicUnit_Salt_structure_types.gml contains the salt structure types (salt domes and salt pillows), InSpEE_GeologicUnit_Salt_pillow_remnants.gml comprises the salt pillow remnants, InSpEE_GeologicUnit_Structure_building_salinar.gml represents the structural salinar(s), the four files InSpEE_Structural_outlines_500.gml, InSpEE_Structural_outlines_1000.gml, InSpEE_Structural_outlines_1500.gml and InSpEE_Structural_outlines_2000.gml represent the structural outlines in the corresponding horizontal cross-sections, the four files InSpEE_GeologicUnit_Cross_Section_500, InSpEE_GeologicUnit_Cross_Section_1000, InSpEE_GeologicUnit_Cross_Section_1500 and InSpEE_GeologicUnit_Cross_Section_2000 display the stratigraphical situation in the corresponding horizontal cross-sections and the four files InSpEE_GeologicStructure_500.gml, InSpEE_GeologicStructure_1000.gml, InSpEE_GeologicStructure_1500.gml and InSpEE_GeologicStructure_2000.gml comprise the relevant fault traces in the corresponding horizontal cross-sections. The GML files together with a Readme.txt file are provided in ZIP format (InSpEE-INSPIRE.zip). The Readme.text file (German/English) contains detailed information on the GML files content. Data transformation was proceeded by using the INSPIRE Solution Pack for FME according to the INSPIRE requirements.
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