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INSPIRE: Unconventional hydrocarbons (Nicht-konventionelle KW)

Nicht-konventionelle KW (INSPIRE) presents the results of the NiKo project according to data specifications Energy Resources (D2.8.III.20) und Geology (D2.8.II.4_v3.0). NiKo stands for „unconventional hydrocarbons“, „Nicht-konventionelle Kohlenwasserstoffe“ in German. In the NiKo project the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) has investigated the potential resources for shale oil and shale gas in Germany. The study was published in 2016 as a report titled „Schieferöl und Schiefergas in Deutschland – Ressourcen und Umweltaspekte“ (available in German only). The colloquial terms shale oil and shale gas refer to oil and natural gas resources in sedimentary shale rock formations, with high organic matter content. In the study, seven formations were identified to have a shale oil and/or gas potential in Germany and their distribution has been mapped in small scale. For each of the formations the organic-rich facies distribution is provided and, if appropriate, the regional potential resource distribution: Fischschiefer (Oligocene), Blättertone (Barremium - Lower-Aptian), Wealden (Berriasium), Posidonienschiefer (Lower-Toarcium), Middel-Rhaetium (Oberkeuper), Permokarbon (Stefanium - Rotliegend) und Lower Carboniferous (Upper Alaunschiefer (Kulm-Facies) + Kohlenkalk-Facies). Corresponding to the overview maps in the report two GML-files for these layers are provided, omitting however the sub-category “possible potential regions”. Bituminous facies distribution (0-5000 m Tiefe) – data specification Geology: GeologicUnit.Distribution_of_bituminous_facies.gml Distribution shale oil and shale gas – potential resources (1000 - 5000 m Tiefe) – data specification Energy Resources: FossilFuelRessource_Potential_resource_regions.gml The distribution maps of the potential resources for shale oil and gas are based on geoscientific criteria. Further non-geoscientific limiting criteria, e.g. exclusion areas, have not been taken into account for the assessment. These assessments are based on appraisements of input parameters naturally with large uncertainties for the potential resources and their distribution in the deep underground. Based on the incipient exploration status of unconventionals in Germany, these resources are considered as undiscovered. The assessed shale oil and gas resources for Germany, represent the order of magnitude of potential resources. Reference: BGR 2016 - Schieferöl und Schieferöl in Deutschland- Potenziale und Umweltaspekte https://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Energie/Downloads/Abschlussbericht_13MB_Schieferoelgaspotenzial_Deutschland_2016.html

WFS Bodenrichtwerte Übersichtskarte über normierte Bodenrichtwerte Hamburg

Web Feature Service (WFS) der Übersichtskarte über normierte Bodenrichtwerte auf Bruttobaublöcke bezogen für Hamburg Zur genaueren Beschreibung der Daten und Datenverantwortung nutzen Sie bitte den Verweis zur Datensatzbeschreibung.

The European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU): Human biomonitoring guidance values for selected phthalates and a substitute plasticizer

Ubiquitous use of plasticizers has led to a widespread internal exposure of the European population. Until today, metabolites are detected in almost every urine sample analysed. This raised the urgent need for a toxicological interpretation of the internal exposure levels. The European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) contributes substantially to the knowledge on the actual exposure of European citizens to chemicals prioritised within HBM4EU, on their potential impact on health and on the interpretation of these data to improve policy making. On that account, human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs) are derived for the general population and the occupationally exposed population agreed at HBM4EU consortium level. These values can be used to assess phthalate exposure levels measured in HBM studies in a health risk assessment context. HBM-GVs were derived for five phthalates (DEHP, DnBP, DiBP, BBzP and DPHP) and for the non-phthalate substitute Hexamoll® DINCH. For the adult general population, the HBM-GVs for the specific metabolite(s) of the respective parent compounds in urine are the following: 0.5 mg/L for the sum of 5-oxo-MEHP and 5-OH-MEHP; 0.19 mg/L for MnBP, 0.23 mg/L for MiBP; 3 mg/L for MBzP; 0.5 mg/L for the sum of oxo-MPHP and OH-MPHP and 4.5 mg/L for the sum of OH-MINCH and cx-MINCH. The present paper further specifies HBM-GVs for children and for workers. Quelle: © 2021 The Author(s)

E 2.2: Contributions of expanded raw material availability and waste utilization to sustainable fruit processing in the tropics and subtropics

Das Projekt "E 2.2: Contributions of expanded raw material availability and waste utilization to sustainable fruit processing in the tropics and subtropics" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Lebensmittelwissenschaft und Biotechnologie, Fachgebiet Lebensmittel pflanzlicher Herkunft (150d) durchgeführt. Since the beginning of the Uplands Program in 2000, subproject E2 has been aimed at adjusted strategies for the utilization of mangoes, lychees and longans. The whole processing chain from fruit production through fruit processing to marketing has been studied in an interdisciplinary approach together with subprojects D1.1 (Fruit production) and E3.1 (Market potential) in Thailand. Various levels, such as raw material quality as well as technological and economic evaluation of fruit processing, have been investigated. In fruit processing, technological focus has been on fluid mango products. Continuation of E2 in phase 2 of the Uplands Program aims at sustainable food processing on two levels. Regarding quality profiles of raw fruits for fresh marketing or processing, quality and food safety aspects of fruits produced out of season is in the center of attention, since increased capacity utilization is expected due to increase or extension of harvesting periods per year, which should be based on ecologically compatible fruit production. Continuing research on mango processing, material circulation in food processing is intended by utilization of waste from fruit processing to recover by-products, especially pectins as gelling and stabilizing agents or bioactive fiber, prior to the use of residual waste as feed, thus reducing disposal problems and increasing added value by processing of the whole raw material into high-value main and by-products. Investigating the long-term effects of present and new off-season fruit production techniques applied by D1.1-2 (Alternate bearing) on fruit yield and quality in terms of appearance, basic components such as soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamins and selected secondary plant metabolites (polyphenols), E2.2 is involved in the interdisciplinary research on the potential of off-season fruit production. Present public discussion on food safety, which is caused by increasing export problems due to exessive use of agrochemicals in Thailand, requires to test the effect of long-term application of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and KClO3. Both agrochemicals are presently used in root treatment of mango and longan trees, respectively, to induce flowering and off-season fruit production. Quantitative residue analyses in fruits will be performed by E2.2 applying GC-MS and HPLC. Conflicting reports on PBZ mobility in the plant support the need to prove the absence of non-tolerable PBZ residues in off-season mango fruits, thus strengthening the objective of D1.2 (Alternate bearing) in replacement of PBZ. Together with B2.2 (Agrochemical transport), residue analysis in the soil will be performed for the highly persistent triazolic plant growth regulator PBZ to monitor the impact of long-term application of PBZ on environmental risks in present off-season fruit production techniques over the period of phase 2. (abridged text)

Der Einfluss der SML auf die Spurengasbiogeochemie und den Ozean-Atmosphäre-Gasaustausch

Das Projekt "Der Einfluss der SML auf die Spurengasbiogeochemie und den Ozean-Atmosphäre-Gasaustausch" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR), Forschungsbereich 2: Marine Biogeochemie durchgeführt. Labor- und Feldstudien zeigen, dass die Oberflächengrenzschicht des Ozeans (â€Ìsurface microlayerâ€Ì, kurz SML) die biogeochemischen Kreisläufe von klimaaktiven und atmosphärisch wichtigen Spurengasen wie Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO), Methan (CH4), Lachgas (N2O) und Dimethylsulfid (DMS) stark beeinflusst: (i) Jüngste Studien aus den PASSME- und SOPRAN-Projekten haben hervorgehoben, dass Anreicherungen von oberflächenaktiven Substanzen (d.h. Tensiden) einen starken (dämpfenden) Effekt sowohl auf die CO2- als auch auf die N2O-Flüsse über die SML/Atmosphären-Grenzfläche hinweg haben und (ii) Spurengase können durch (mikro)biologische oder (photo)chemische Prozesse in der SML produziert und verbraucht werden. Daher kann der oberste Teil des Ozeans, einschließlich der SML, verglichen mit dem Wasser, das in der Mischungsschicht unterhalb der SML zu finden ist, eine bedeutende Quelle oder Senke für diese Gase sein, was von sehr großer Relevanz für die Forschungseinheit BASS ist. Die Konzentrationen von CO2, N2O und anderen gelösten Gasen in der SML (oder den oberen Zentimetern des Ozeans) unterscheiden sich nachweislich von ihren Konzentrationen unterhalb der SML. Typischerweise werden die Nettoquellen und -senken wichtiger atmosphärischer Spurengase mit Konzentrationen berechnet, die in der Mischungsschicht gemessen wurden und mit Gasaustauschgeschwindigkeiten, die die SML nicht berücksichtigen. Diese Diskrepanzen führen zu falsch berechneten Austauschflüssen, die in der Folge zu großen Unsicherheiten in den Berechnungen der Klima-Antrieben und der Luftqualität in Erdsystemmodellen führen können. Durch die Verknüpfung unserer Spurengasmessungen mit Messungen von (i) der Dynamik und den molekularen Eigenschaften der organischen Materie und speziell des organischen Kohlenstoffs (SP1.1; SP1.5), (ii) der biologischen Diversität und der Stoffwechselaktivität (SP1.2), (iii) den optischen Eigenschaften der organischen Materie (SP1.3), (iv) der photochemischen Umwandlung der organischen Materie (SP1.4) und (v) den physikalischen Transportprozessen (SP2.3) werden wir ein umfassendes Verständnis darüber erlangen, wie die SML die Variabilität der Spurengasflüsse beeinflusst.

Reaktion und Transport in einzelnen pyrolysierenden Holzpartikeln - Modellierung und experimentelle Validierung mit in situ-Messungen

Das Projekt "Reaktion und Transport in einzelnen pyrolysierenden Holzpartikeln - Modellierung und experimentelle Validierung mit in situ-Messungen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Energietechnik, Fachgebiet Energieverfahrenstechnik und Umwandlungstechniken regenerativer Energien durchgeführt. Experimental investigation on the pyrolysis behavior of thermally thick wood particles, with focus on condensable volatiles evolution. Gain further knowledge about the pyrolysis mechanism, more specifically on the secondary reactions taking place as result of solid-vapor interactions. Development of a mathematical model to describe the pyrolysis process in a single particle, including all the relevant transport phenomena as well as primary and secondary reactions of tar, investigated experimentally.

The European aeroemissions network (AERONET)

Das Projekt "The European aeroemissions network (AERONET)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Institut für Antriebstechnik durchgeführt. One of the major problems that civil aeronautics will have to face over the next twenty or thirty years is to accommodate the predicted growth in demand of air transport without creating unacceptable adverse environmental effects. It is to be expected that new scientific results, increasing public concerns over the environment and future restrictive regulations with respect to aircraft emissions will force airline companies to take ecological considerations much more into account than it does at present. Consequently, for European aircraft manufacturers it is of high importance to react early and to guide their research and development resources into the most important and efficient direction. The aim of the AERONET project is to support coordination ' a postiori' of existing European and national projects or programmes dealing with the contribution of air traffic emissions to anthropogenic climate and atmospheric changes. For this purpose AERONET seeks to : - bring together experts from engine technology, atmospheric research and operations as well as programme responsible to exchange knowledge and opinions and to discuss necessary future actions on the basis of jointly defined goals and time scales, - produce competitive advantage for Europe through enhanced information echoing in the field of atmospheric effects of air traffic emissions, - strengthen a common European position in global technical and political discussions - support the Commission in identifying topics for the 5th Framework Programme, - identify gaps and help prepare a coordinated submission of proposals. European Dimension and Partnership: Europe is, beside the US, one of the two biggest aircraft manufacturers. One supposition for the economic success of European aircraft industry is not only to fulfill the existing regulations but, due to the long development times of 5-10 years and the long lifetimes of aircraft of more than 20 years, also to take the trend of future regulations development into account at a very early stage. This needs continuous and fast information exchange and discussions between atmospheric scientists, aircraft engineers and regulatory organisations. To be successful with an effort of this dimension, optimal coordination of national and European programmes in all three fields is required. Thus the network brings together representatives of all programmes and institutions concerned, helps to integrate activities through better information exchange, tries to identify the most urgent themes for R&D activities and intends to give recommendations for the Fifth Framework Programme. Potential Applications: Understanding the atmospheric impacts, the technical consequences and development perspectives, and the operational impacts as a whole is absolutely necessary to strengthen the European position in global regulatory committees on the on side and to gain competitive advantages for the European aircraft and airline industries on the other side. usw

Shell 2012 - Marktstudie 2012: Der Wert des Erdgases im deutschen Markt

Das Projekt "Shell 2012 - Marktstudie 2012: Der Wert des Erdgases im deutschen Markt" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH durchgeführt. Shell Energy Deutschland hat das Wuppertal Institut damit beauftragt, die Entwicklung des Wertes von Erdgas im deutschen Markt zwischen 2007 und 2012 zu untersuchen. Die Studie baut dabei auf früheren Analysen des Wuppertal Instituts seit 2005 auf. Die Neuauflage der Analyse schreibt die Ergebnisse fort und berücksichtigt aktuelle Entwicklungen und Trends. Zusätzlich zur Fortschreibung wurden weitere Einflussfaktoren und neue konkurrierende Energieträger, die inzwischen an Bedeutung gewonnen haben, näher analysiert.

B 2.2: Lateral water flow and transport of agrochemicals - Phase 2

Das Projekt "B 2.2: Lateral water flow and transport of agrochemicals - Phase 2" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre, Fachgebiet Biogeophysik durchgeführt. In the mountainous regions of Northern Thailand land use has changed significantly in the last decades. Traditional shifting cultivation has been transformed into intensive agricultural systems with permanent cropping and no or short fallow periods. This change in land use has been accompanied by an increased input of agrochemicals (e.g. pesticides). Particularly in sloped areas agrochemicals may be lost to the streams by lateral surface or subsurface flow and then transported to the lowlands. Because there the water from the highlands is used for household consumption, irrigation and other purposes agrochemicals may pose a risk to the local drinking water supply and human health. Subproject B2.2 aims at measuring and modeling water flow and agrochemical transport at the hillslope scale. Special emphasis will be put on lateral surface and subsur-face water flow and solute transport phenomena. Modeling approaches will use the results of the subprojects B1 (water) and B2 (solutes) obtained during the first phase of the SFB 564. Additional micro-trench experiments with nonsorbing tracers and agrochemicals will be carried out to identify the mechanisms of lateral transport. In complementary lab experiments, we will investigate agrochemical sorption-desorption and degradation. To assess the integral agrochemical loss from the orchard along lateral pathways and to gain independent data for model validation, the stream will be equipped with two measuring flumes, which will be sampled depending on the discharge in high temporal resolution.

TIMES-HEAT

Das Projekt "TIMES-HEAT" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Industriebetriebslehre und Industrielle Produktion durchgeführt. Das Projekt TIMES-HEAT ist eine Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem IIP und dem Europäischen Institut für Energieforschung im Bereich modellgestützte Energiesystemanalyse des deutschen Energiesystems mit besonderem Fokus auf den Wärmemarkt und Potenzialen für Mikro-KWK im Wohnsektor. Dafür müssen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen dezentraler objektbezogener Wärmeversorgung (Kessel, Klein-BHKW) und zentraler, leitungsgebundener Wärmeversorgung ebenso in Betracht gezogen werden wie die zeitliche und räumliche Verteilung des Wärmebedarfs sowie der Wärmeerzeugung. Dazu wird Deutschland in mehrere Subregionen unterteilt, der Gebäudebestand analysiert, klassifiziert und fortgeschrieben und die Abhängigkeit der Investitionsentscheidung bei Wärmeversorgungssystemen von der vorhandenen internen und externen Infrastruktur untersucht und abgebildet. Technologien an der Schnittstelle von Wärme- und Strommärkten wie KWK und Wärmepumpen haben einen besonderen Stellenwert im Modell. Das Optimierungsmodell wird in der TIMES-Umgebung entwickelt, die vom ETSAP -Konsortium der IEA herausgegeben wird, was beiden Projektpartnern zusätzlich die Möglichkeit bietet, die Kenntnisse im Umgang mit dieser Software zu vertiefen.

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