Ziel: Ermittlung der oekologischen Effizienz von wasserbaulichen Aufstiegsanlagen in Fliessgewaessern fuer Wirbellose und Fische. Ergebnisse: Technische Aufstiegsanlagen sind wegen Verstopfungsgefahr und Unterhaltungsaufwand eher ungeeignet. Rauhe Rampen sind guenstige Aufstiegsanlagen, wie die Wiederfaenge von markierten Fischen und Wirbellosen beweisen. Natuerliche/naturnahe Umgehungsbaeche sind sehr geeignete Wanderwege. Das Gefaelle im Bauwerk sollte mindestens 1:20 betragen. Ruheraeume und natuerliche Anschluesse an Oberwasser und Unterwasser muessen favorisiert werden. Lueckige Sohlsubstrate und Uferstrukturen beguenstigen den Aufstieg.
Objective: The purpose of this project is to test a new type of drying drum for granulite and other granular materials, which, in conjunction with heat recovery methods and the utilization of waste heat, should achieve an energy saving of about 34 per cent compared with conventional methods. This corresponds to an annual oil saving of about 470 toe. General Information: A patent application has been made for a new type of drying drum for the drying of granulite. Its operational efficiency is to be demonstrated in this demonstration project. The drum consists of an intensive drying zone and a re-evaporation zone. The combustion gases from an oil burner heat the granulite to more than 100 deg. C in the intensive drying zone, whereby approximately 75 per cent of the moisture in the sand evaporates. The sand enters the re-evaporation zone, which is operated at a slight vacuum. This process causes re-evaporation to the necessary residual moisture content, and is supported by hot, dry air from the downstream sand cooling (heat recovery). The combustion gases from the intensive drying zone and the dry air from the re-evaporation zone, including the water vapour fractions, are extracted in the central section of the drum. The purification of these exhaust gases is carried out in the dust separator. The compressed air needed in the combustion and transportation processes (6-8 bar) is produced by compressors. Naturally, dry air is produced as cooling air. This is used as combustion air for the oil burner (heat recovery). In comparison with conventional method, the specific energy demand for granulite drying is planned to be reduced by about one-third by the combination of a drying process with re-evaporation and heat recovery. The necessary new components are integrated into operational plant already in existence in Königslutter. Achievements: Alterations, subsequent work: After trial runs, several elements had to be replaced, altered or re-ordered. The Krupp burner was re-ordered. To start with, we had problems with the burner from the firm of Kleinewefers. After controls, subsequent work and improvements, this burner is now working perfectly. The drive was altered. The gear drive was replaced by a chain drive. The electrical controls were altered. regulation apparatus, automatic parts were altered, improvement, worked on etc. Planned alterations for new plant: a) Mechanical twist filters are no longer permitted as filters; in future, special cloth filters must be fitted. b) The angle of the drying drum must be some degrees higher, making installations easier and the performance higher. c) A sand sluice must be installed at the suction part for the exhaust gases, causing less sand in the exhaust gases. d) The burner should be constructed with a smaller volume and greater performance, producing a smaller surface to the outside and better cooling by the compression air on the outer casing. e) Large-scale planning, new planning, thus less conveying ...
Arbeitsschwerpunkt dieses Teilprojektes ist in AP4 die Probenahme zur Quantifizierung des MP-Aufkommens und -Transports im realen, urbanen Abwassersystem für die Abwasserfraktionen Niederschlagswasser, häusliches Schmutzwasser (Teilströme Grau- und Schwarzwasser) und betriebliches Schmutzwasser durch die TU Kaiserslautern. Dabei werden die Erkenntnisse zur Probenentnahme aus AP 2 umgesetzt und methodisch weiter verwertet. Weitere Arbeitsschwerpunkte sind die Probenaufbereitung und -konservierung sowie relevanzabhängig die abgestufte Analyse ausgewählter Standard-Abwasserparameter zwecks Bewertung der Vergleichbarkeit unterschiedlicher Probennahmestrategien. Die Untersuchungen sind im Schwerpunkt auf die Mengen und die Bedeutung der MP-Aufkommen in den einzelnen Eintragspfaden des urbanen Abwassersystems auf das Umweltkompartiment Gewässer ausgerichtet. Als Vorhabensziele sind zu nennen: a) Erprobung und Modifikation der entwickelten Probennahmestrategien am realen Abwassersystem, b) Relevanzbewertung verschiedener Eintragspfade von MP-Frachten, c) Entwicklung ganzheitlicher Probennahmestrategien für das gesamte Abwasserinfrastruktursystem d) Abschätzung von MP-Aufkommensspektren, sowie e) Erkenntnisgewinn zur MP-Analytik (u.a. Wiederfindungsraten in heterogenen Abwasserproben mit ausgeprägten Matrixeffekten, Korrelation mit weiteren Abwasserparametern).
Das Projekt zielt auf die Wiedergewinnung der Halbleiter aus Dünnschichtmodulen als Rohstoff sowie auf die Dekontamination der Reststoffe ab (ganzheitliches und umweltfreundliches Recycling). Hierzu sollen mit bestehenden Technologien (i) die Wiedergewinnung der Halbleiter aus den zerlegten und sandgestrahlten Modulen und (ii) der Wiedereinsatz zur Test-Zellen-Herstellung optimiert und demonstriert werden. Besonders beachtet werden dabei Ökobilanzierung, Prozess-Nachhaltigkeit, Wirtschaftlichkeit, Ressourcenverfügbarkeit sowie sozio-ökonomische Effekte auf das Renommee. Erwartete Ergebnisse: 1. Halbtechnische Demonstration der Vorbehandlung und nassmechanischen Aufbereitung von Photo-Halbleitern aus Dünnschichtmodulen für ein hocheffizientes Wertstoffrecycling. 2. Demonstration der Effizienz der Materialabtrennung und -wiedergewinnung durch Herstellung und Test von Prototyp-Zellen aus wiedergewonnenem Material. 3. Demonstration der Qualitätskontrolle in verschiedenen Prozessstufen mit instrumenteller Großmengenanalytik. 4. Demonstration der Nachhaltigkeit der Prozesse bezüglich Wirtschaftlichkeit, Umweltverträglichkeit, Ressourcenverfügbarkeit und Sozio-Ökonomie. 5. Erreichen signifikanter Fortschritte für umweltfreundliche Energietechnologien, um die EU-Richtlinien WEEE und RoHS zu unterstützen und Fortschritte für die nachhaltigen Energie-Strategien der EU zu erzielen. 6. Unterstützung des Renommees der Dünnschichtzellen-Technologien, um die Akzeptanz bei Bürgern und Entscheidungsträgern zu stärken. 7. Verbreitung der erzielten Resultate durch elektronische und gedruckte Medien, sowie Präsentation bei Kongressen etc.
Despite the economic importance of the agro-food sector, during the last European Framework Programmes, there has not been a global European vision addressing the environmental problems arising from agro-food waste. AWARENET is the first network for agro-food waste prevention, minimisation and recovery. The innovation of AWARENET proposal is that it will integrate the vision of the agro-food industrial waste problem from three different and critical points of view: regulatory issues, technology and market, with the final objective of proposing a global R und D European strategy for agro-food industrial waste. The European environmental regulations and the current best practices for minimisation and 'valorisation' of wastes will be compiled and checked all over Europe. The network activities will help the European agro-food industries to describe simple tools for wastes prevention, minimisation and recovery. A 'white book' will be prepared as a manual for dissemination. AWARENET will identify the market opportunities for 'valorised' products from agro-food waste and define the R und D needs for agro-food waste.
General Information: The purpose of the Concerted Action is to involve European scientists working on ballast water problems in a joint effort to develop reliable and intercalibrated methodologies for monitoring (intercontinentally and regionally) the continuous and changing rate of transmission of harmful alien species via ships' traffic, thereby providing a tool for risk assessment and environmental management. The intensity of shipping and the structure of the fleet have undergone major changes over the past decade, possibly leading to increased opportunity for survival of exotic species. Risk assessment must consider criteria for quantifying survival probabilities to define appropriate management strategies to minimize risk of introductions. The major problem in transmission of harmful exotics resides with the continued transfer of ballast water in m0dern shipping, in particular bulk carriers and container ships of different design and dimension. The overall objective of the Concerted Action will include the following aspects: - evaluation of the various sampling methods presently used for ballast water studies in selected EU member countries - validation of the reliability of sampling methodologies (through intercalibration workshops, also onboard ocean-going ships) to assess in-transit survival capabilities - development of intercalibrated monitoring systems for use by EU countries and by intergovernmental bodies such as ICES, BMB (Baltic Marine Biologists), IOC and IMO. Additionally, the Concerted Action will consider case histories (e.i. inventories of various types of transmissions) and their major pathways in order to assist in understanding the requirements for the development of adequate mitigation (treatment) techniques. Experts from EU countries will be brought together through a series of workshops held at sites of relevance to the subject. Various methods will be studied how qualitatively and quantitatively the fate of exotic species in ballast water may be examined. The CA will focus on: - Studying and comparing case histories - Develop a Standard Sampling Methodology for collecting and analysing ballast water from ships for Monitoring purposes - Develop a Methodology to study in-transit survival of organisms. - Assessing control measures to reduce risks arising from ballast water releases - Developing a joint research programme on methods of distributional mapping - Create Public awareness on ballast water issues - Consider European waters as donor area. - Document European studies on introduced species in the past. Deliverables to be produced will - among other documents - include: - A working manual will be produced to cover species accounts ... Prime Contractor: Christian-Albrechts Universität Kiel, Institut für Meereskunde, Fischereibiologische Abteilung; Kiel; Germany.
Objective: The project is to develop, manufacture, and test a sampling and measuring device for the continuous determination of mercury and its compounds in the flue gas of incineration plants. In addition, the sampling device will be capable of collecting other heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, copper, manganese, and nickel. Mercury will be determined photo metrically. The detection limit for Hg is approximately 2 mug/m3. The tests will take place in the industrial environment of a municipal waste incineration plant. The basic principle of the device has been patented. General Information: Mercury (Hg) and its compounds are highly toxic chemicals; emissions from plants, such as waste incinerators, should be prevented as far as possible. Typically, filters are used in order to remove the remaining emissions; for new municipal refuse incineration plants, the EC Directive 89/369 limits Hg emissions after the filters to 200 mug/m3. A device for the continuous control of Hg has been recently developed by the Essen-based VEREWA MESS- UND REGELTECHNIK GMBH. The EC Commission assisted the development and testing of an industrial-environment measuring device at 50 per cent of the project costs. The Hg measuring device consists of a sampling and the measuring part proper. The isokinetic sampling device is capable of sampling not only Hg but other heavy metals as well, such as Cu, Ni, Zn, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pb, Mn. The average Hg retrieval statistics is approximately 93 per cent. The measuring device proper determines the Hg concentration in the dried flue gas by UV AA photometry, the detection limit is approximately 2 mug/m3. The measuring device may be calibrated at any time, allowing for the check of the zero and reference points and of the linearity of the device. Idle time between each taking is in the range of ms; the measured values are shown on the monitor every 2 seconds; the measuring protocols may average the values to convenience. Overall standard deviations are approximately 5 per cent; thus, the device can be used for process control. Further extensions of the measuring device are possible to allow for the determination of heavy metals other than Hg as well. The device has been successfully tested and optimized for several months in the heavy-duty industrial environment of the flue gas stack of a municipal waste incineration plant. Working entirely automatically, the device meets the need for a reference device for the control of emissions from refuse incinerators, as stipulated by the EC Directive 89/369. Achievements: A device for the continuous control mercury has been recently developed. The measuring device consists of a sampling part and the measuring part proper. The isokinetic sampling device is capable of sampling not only mercury but other heavy metals as well, such as copper, nickel, zinc, tin, antimony, barium, lead and manganese. The average mercury retrieval is approximately 93 per cent...
Objective: Natural gas is piped into the glass works at an average of 50 bars. Pressure in the network is 3.2 bars absolute. Is was the aim of the project to transform the unused exergetic pressure gradient released during pressure reduction into useful energy. General Information: Natural gas is piped into the works at an average pressure of 50 bar. The pressure in the operating network is 3.2 bar. Two pressure reduction units, operating in parallel, were previously used, each with an average throughput of 7500 m3 STP/h. In order to transform the unused exergetic pressure gradient into useful energy a gas expansion motor was installed to drive a screw-type air compressor. This motor fulfills the function of the pressure reduction units which now serve only for reserve. The gas expansion motor, which has a nominal rating of 610 kW, is a four-cylinder double-acting double-expansion steam-piston machine manufactured by Spillingwerk, Hamburg. The screw-type air compressor is a series-production unit, fitted with a gear of appropriate ratio (air input of 6550 m3/h at 1 bar, 40 deg.C: output after cooler 3 bar at 60 deg.C). The total system includes a waste heat recovery system which consists of a closed water circuit with a freezing mixture heat exchanger (426kW, 30 deg.C) for the air suction cooling unit (in Summer), the compressed air cooler (426 kW, 82 deg.C), a steam/water heat exchanger (155 kW, 105 deg.C), and the high and medium pressure preheaters by which the gas streams entering the motor are heated up to 100 deg.C and the water cooled down to 25 deg.C. Achievements: The plant has run three years under load. During this period the average quantity of compressed air was 5 180 m3 STP/h with a required power of 440 kw. This gives an energy saving of 3.34x10.6 kwh/year as compared with an electric motor drive operating 8 000 hours per year. The plant availability is above 90 per cent. The capital payback period is 1,6 years. This type of plants can be recommended in the case of comparable preconditions. This means at continous natural gas supply at constant pressure.
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