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BBS: Developing methods to simulate biome boundary shifts

Frame: The project is part of the GLP (Global land project) fast track action (http://bbs2008.wikidot.com) Decreasing uncertainty in predicting biome boundary shifts which aims at improving the simulation of biome boundary shifts at large spatial scales, working group Migration . The long-term goal is to improve existing vegetation models or to develop new models that are reliable and robust and can be included in Earth System models for studying biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks. Rationale: Because of the nature of terrestrial plant population and community dynamics and dispersal, and the pace of climate change, predicting the future distribution of plant species is challenging. Many coupled GCM's assume simply that the boundaries between major terrestrial biomes are either static, or adjusted non-mechanistically to follow the change of climate without time lags. In some DGVM's, a non-mechanistic treatment of biome boundaries is employed with assumed delays. Recent model simulations with both explicit seed dispersal and population and community dynamics suggest that range shifts of forest biomes will be both complex and extremely delayed (several millennia delay for centennial warming). Research topics: the effect of plant population processes and dispersal on migration, the effect of spatial heterogeneity (e.g. fragmentation or barriers) on dispersal and migration, methods to incorporate these effects into large scale models like such as DGVM's, the lags due to species migration and their effects on feedbacks to the earth system. Methods: Starting from the forest landscape model TreeMig which describes tree species migration by explicitly simulating seed dispersal on a grid of 1km wide cells, we develop numerical approaches to describe migration across heterogenous grid cells. These approaches are either aggregated models of within-cell migration speed, e.g. derived from meta-modelling, or simulating spread in a subset of smaller cells within each grid cell and then extrapolating to the larger cell. We test our methods with simulations on south-north transects in Siberia and assess the effect of species migration on the feedbacks to the earth system.

Size-frequency data of Mya arenaria from Oderbank, Baltic Sea, in June 2021

In the framework of research on impacts of trawling in the western Baltic Sea (DAM pilot mission MGF Baltic Sea), we investigated the population structure of the benthic key species Mya arenaria by measuring shell length to provide the size-frequency distribution in the marine protected area of Oderbank in the Southern Baltic Sea from June 2021. We obtained samples using vanVeen grabs inside the marine protected areas and reference areas nearby.

Size-frequency data of Macoma balthica from Oderbank, Baltic Sea, in June 2021

In the framework of research on impacts of trawling in the western Baltic Sea (DAM pilot mission MGF Baltic Sea), we investigated the population structure of the benthic key species Macoma balthica by measuring shell length to provide the size-frequency distribution in the marine protected area of Oderbank in the Southern Baltic Sea from June 2021. We obtained samples using vanVeen grabs inside the marine protected areas and reference areas nearby.

STOREDB

STOREDB is a platform for the archiving and sharing of primary data and outputs of all kinds, including epidemiological and experimental data, from research on the effects of radiation. It also provides a directory of bioresources and databases containing information and materials that investigators are willing to share. STORE supports the creation of a radiation research commons.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (dataset compilation) of RV POLARSTERN & RV MARIA S. MERIAN during 44 cruises from 1984 to 2024, Fram Strait, Greenland Sea, Arctic Ocean

The Long-Term Ecological Research observatory HAUSGARTEN was established by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung in the Fram Strait in summer 1999 to detect and track the impact of large-scale environmental changes on the marine ecosystem in the transition zone between the northern North Atlantic and the central Arctic Ocean. In this area, bathymetric data have been recorded with multibeam echosounders during 44 research expeditions on RV Polarstern and RV Maria S. Merian since 1984. From these data, a digital elevation model was generated and geostatistical analyses were performed to calculate geospatial derivatives and quantitative terrain descriptors for subsequent terrain analyses and habitat mapping. The dataset covers an area from 78°N to 81°N and 6°W to 12°E. To create the data product, archive data was used from seven different multibeam echosounders in various raw data formats. This data has been processed and cleaned with CARIS HIPS & SIPS, including sound velocity correction for datasets from 1999 and newer. Older datasets are calculated with a static sound velocity of 1500 m/s. Soundings where exported for gridding with Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) nearneighbor. The resulting Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is in the WGS84/Arctic Polar Stereographic (EPSG:3995) projection with a cell size of 100m x 100m. The hillshade was computed with a combination of slope and synthetic illumination with a vertical exaggeration of 10. Slope inclination was calculated with GDAL tool Slope with the formula of Zevenbergen and Thorne (1987) in degree. Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI) was computed with the QGIS tool Ruggedness index following the approach of Riley et al. (1999) in meters. For the Bathymetric Position Indices (BPI), focal statistics have been calculated with the GRASS tool "r.neighbors" and the QGIS raster calculator following the concept of the Topographic Position Index (Weiss, 2001) with a circular reference area of 99 cells (broad) and 9 cells (fine). The additional coverage polygon layer gives and overview on the used datasets and their corresponding metadata. The map gives an overview on the LTER HAUSGARTEN area and the HAUSGARTEN 2024 DEM.

Wirkungskataster fuer die saarlaendischen Belastungsraeume

Modellierung der Fluoreszenzkinetik der Lichtreaktion bei der Photosynthese

Aufklaerung der biophysikalischen Wirkungsmechanismen der Lichtreaktion bei der Photosynthese. Schaetzung der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten beim Elektronentransport aus Fluoreszensmessungen am lebenden Blatt. Ziele: Erstellung eines qualitativ und quantitativ korrekten mathematischen Modells. Einsatz von schnellen mathematischen Verfahren der Parameterschaetzung zur Routine-Diagnose von Stress bei Pflanzen unter Belastungen.

Bodenpolitik der oeffentlichen Hand

Vorrangige Aufgabe der Bodenpolitik aus wohnungspolitischer und stadtentwicklungspolitischer Sicht ist die Erhoehung des marktfaehigen Baulandangebotes, verbunden mit eine behutsamen Umgang mit Grund und Boden, sowie Sicherstellung einer zuegigen baulichen Nutzung. Des weiteren wird insbesondere auf die Bodenvorratspolitik die Aufgabe zukommen, zur Sicherung von Freiflaechen im Innen- und Aussenbereich beizutragen. Im Vordergrund der Fragestellungen stehen der Einsatz der Boden- und Baulandpolitik unter stadtentwicklungspolitischen Gesichtspunkten als Instrument zur Steuerung der Planung und Erleichterung der Planrealisierung, zur Bodenbevorratung, um im Bedarfsfall Grundstuecke unmittelbar oder im Austausch bereitstellen zu koenne, zur preisguenstigen Bereitstellung von Bauland und - wenn auch zeitlich befristet - Beeinflussung des Bodenmarktes und zur Sicherung von Gruen- und Freiflaechen durch vorsorglichen Ankauf oder Tausch mit anderweitigem Grundbesitz. Die laufenden Forschungen zur Bodenpolitik der oeffentlichen Hand und zu privatrechtlichen Verfahren der Grundstuecksbeschaffung und -bereitstellung sind auf qualitative und quantitative Analysen der Wirkungen des bodenpolitischen Instrumentariums ausgerichtet, mit empirischer Begleitforschung anhand ausgewaehlter Beispiele. Es geht darum, in Staedten und Gemeinden den zweckmaessigen Einsatz des kommunalen Grundbesitzes im Zusammenhang mit der Stadtentwicklungs- und Bauleitplanung sowie Bodenordnung darzustellen und den jeweiligen kommunalen und regionale Rahmenbedingungen angepasste Strategien der Bodenpolitik zu entwickeln. Empirische Untersuchung auf der Grundlage von Akten-, Dokumenten- ...

Klimaforschung: Ursachen von Klimaaenderung und deren mathematische Modellierung - Wirkung von Klimaaenderungen auf Organismen und Lebensgemeinschaften

Globale Klimadepression fuehren erst unter bestimmten geografischen Konstellationen ueber Rueckkopplungseffekte zu Vereisungen. Fuer bestimmte Phasen, z.B. den Uebergang von der letzten Warmphase der Nordhemisphaere zur ersten Kaltphase (Eiszeit) werden Klimakarten (Temperaturen, Luftdruck) aufgrund der fossilen Daten und Modellrechnungen fuer bestimmte Zeitscheiben erstellt. Fuer homotype und heterotype Organismenkollektive werden die Wirkungen von Temperaturveraenderungen sowie daraus entstehende moegliche Defekte und Reparaturprozesse in den Populationen und Biozoenosen analysiert, um gemeinsam mit dem ersten Teilprojekt zukunftsrelevante Aussagen treffen zu koennen.

Forschergruppe (FOR) 986: Structural Change in Agriculture, How should Model Linkages be designed to analyze the Effects of Global Agricultural Trade Liberalization at the Farm Level?

In the last decades agricultural policy has gained increasingly in complexity. Nowadays it influences the food and agricultural sector from the global market down to the farm level. Widespread research questions, like the impact of the WTO negotiations on the farm structure, most often require comprehensive modeling frameworks. Thus, different types of models are utilized according to their comparative advantages and combined in a strategically useful way to more accurately represent micro and macro aspects of the food and agricultural sector. Consequently, in recent years we have seen an increase in the development and application of model linkages. Given this background, the overall objective of this subproject is a systematic sensitivity analysis of model linkages that gradually involves more and more characteristics of the linkage and the corresponding transfer of results between models. In addition, the project aims to answer the following specific question: How does structural change at the farm level influence aggregate supply and technical progress? Under which conditions is it possible to derive macro-relationships from micro-relationships? How does the aggregation level influence the model results and how can possible problems be overcome? This procedure is used to quantify the effects and to derive conditions for optimal interaction of the connected models. The analysis is based on the general equilibrium model GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) and the farm group model FARMIS (Farm Modelling Information System) which are employed in conjunction to analyze the effects of WTO negotiations on the farm level.

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