In the framework of research on impacts of trawling in the western Baltic Sea (DAM pilot mission MGF Baltic Sea), we measured the depth distribution of chlorophyll-a in order to study bioturbation in three marine protected areas of the Western and Southern Baltic Sea from 2020 – 2024. The marine protected areas are Fehmarnbelt, Oderbank and Rönnebank. We obtained samples using multiple corer inside the marine protected areas and reference areas nearby. During an in situ otter trawling experiment near Heiligendamm, core scuba divers additionally took targeted core samples from trawl track furrows, mounds, the ground net impacted area and control sites.
In vielen Lebensräumen ist Wasser der bedeutendste limitierende Faktor für das Wachstum und die Verbreitung der Pflanzen. Neuere Arbeiten zeigen, dass auch Arten, die nicht über spezielle Blattorgane zur Aufnahme von Wasser verfügen, auf Tau mit einer Erhöhung des Wasserpotentials und der Photosynthese sowie mit gesteigertem Wurzelwachstum reagieren. Das Ziel des Projekts ist die Evaluierung des Einflusses und die Untersuchung der Wirkungsweise von Tau auf die Vegetation von Stipa tenacissima dominierten Hängen entlang eines Niederschlags-Tauniederschlags-Transekts in SO-Spanien. An S. tenacissima und an ausgewählten annuellen Arten wird der Einfluss von Tau auf den Wasserhaushalt, die Photosynthese und die Fähigkeit der Wurzeln zur Wasseraufnahme im Freiland und im Gewächshaus bestimmt. Seine Wirkungsweise, eventuelle Aufnahmewege, Verlagerungen im Boden sowie sein Einfluss auf die Nährstoffverfügbarkeit werden untersucht. Die Bestimmung der Taumenge und -häufigkeit, verbunden mit Mikroklimamessungen, ermöglicht eine Abschätzung des Beitrags von Tau zur Wasserbilanz der untersuchten Hänge. Das Projekt wird Fragen des Wasser- und Nährstoffhaushalts der Vegetation in ariden und semi-ariden Gebieten beantworten. Dies trägt zu einem besseren Verständnis der Ökologie und der Verbreitung der Pflanzen dieser Gebiete bei, welches für die zukünftige Bewirtschaftung und Rehabilitation von degradierten Flächen in diesen Ökosystemen wichtig ist.
The research centre 'Ocean Margins' at the University of Bremen was established in July 2001 to geoscientifically investigate the transitional zones between the oceans and the continents. The work of the research centre is a cooperative effort, with expertise provided by the geosciences department and other departments of the university, as well as by MARUM (Center for Marine Environmental Sciences), the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, the Center for Marine Tropical Ecology, and the Senckenberg Research Institute in Wilhelmshaven. Funded by the DFG, the studies focus on four main research fields: Paleoenvironment, Biogeochemical processes, Sedimentation Processes, and Environmental Impact Research. The term 'Ocean Margin' encompasses the region from the coast, across the shelf and continental slope, to the foot of the slope. Over 60 percent of the world's population live in coastal regions. These people have a long history of exploitation of coastal waters, including the recovery of raw materials and food. Human activity has recently been expanding ever farther out into the ocean, where the ocean margins have become more attractive as centers for hydrocarbon exploration, industrial fishing, and other purposes. The research themes of the centre range from environmental changes in the Tertiary to the impact of recent coastal construction, and from microbial degradation in the sediment to large-scale sediment mass wasting along continental margins. New full professorships and junior professorships have been established within the framework of this research centre. In addition to the primary research activities, a research infrastructure will be made available to outside researchers. Graduate education and the public understanding of science also play an important role. In the course of the first two rounds of the Excellence Initiative, the Research Centre was promoted to that status of a cluster of excellence, which has increased the amount of funding it receives up to the average amount of 6.5 million per annum received by clusters of excellence.
The project is a subproject of the proposed research group "Urban impacts on the Mongolian Plateau - Entanglements of Economy, City, and Environment". The project part presented here has the task to document the landscape to be investigated by the research group by means of a large-scale aerial survey with different sensors in order to create a highly accurate data basis for further investigations. The first goal of our project is the large-scale, high-resolution and high-precision documentation of the archaeological landscape in order to provide the participating archaeologists with 3D models, orthoimages and digital surface models. For this purpose, a so-called fixed-wing drone will be used, which, with its long range and flight duration, allows the recording of areas up to one square kilometer in size in a single mission. At the same time, the areas will be imaged with a multispectral camera, which covers the near-infrared range in addition to visible light. From the resulting images, vegetation indices can be calculated that clearly show the differences in the vitality of plants. In this way, it is possible to identify subterranean archaeological structures based on vegetation characteristics that would otherwise remain hidden to the human eye. Especially the open steppe landscape of Mongolia with its low and homogenous vegetation seems to be predestined for such an investigation. In a third step, the generated data will be compared with the results of the geophysical prospection to find out which features and structures can be best identified in which data sets and how they differ. For this purpose, an integrated GIS database system is implemented, which guarantees the integration of the data and the joint analysis. From this, a feature catalog will be developed that shows the specific archaeological structures appearing in the different datasets to serve as a basis for subsequent and comparable projects.
Die Ziele dieses Teilprojektes sind das bessere Verständnis der Ursachen extremere Hochwasserereignisse, die Einschätzung möglicher zukünftiger Hochwasserextremereignisse und die Untersuchung der Vorhersagbarkeit dieser Ereignisse. Dies soll aus der Perspektive der Vielzahl beteiligter atmosphärischer Prozesse und ihrer Skalenvielfalt durchgeführt werden. Daher wird dieses Teilprojekt wichtige Beiträge in der Forschergruppe SPATE liefern. Unter diesen generellen Zielen wollen wir folgende Forschungsfragen adressieren: 1. Was sind die großskaligen atmosphärischen Vorbedingungen für extreme Hochwasserereignisse? 2. Welche Prozesse verstärken den Niederschlag und die Niederschlagswirkung regional/lokal und verursachen dadurch extreme Hochwasserereignisse? 3. Was sind die raumzeitliche Variabilität und die Klimazukunft dieser atmosphärischen Faktoren und was sind ihre Antriebsfaktoren im Klimasystem? Die beiden ersten Fragen sollen in der ersten Phase (PH1, Monate 1 bis 36) der Forschergruppe SPATE bearbeitet werden. Die dritte Frage soll in Phase 2 bearbeitet werden. Zusätzlich sollen atmosphärische Felder, wie beispielsweise Niederschlag, und abgeleitete Indikatorzeitserien für andere Teilprojekte auf Basis einer über 100jährigen Reanalyse, meteorologischer Beobachtungen und Klimasimulation bereitgestellt werden. Der Forschungsplan der ersten Phase besteht aus drei Arbeitspaketen. Bevor die meteorologischen Ursachen extremer Hochwasserereignisse systematisch untersucht werden können, ist die Erstellung einer langzeitlichen (hier über 100-jährigen) vier-dimensionalen meteorologischen Referenz notwendig (Arbeitspaket 0). Die Referenz basiert auf aufbereiteten Niederschlagsdaten, raumzeitlich (mit dem Modell COSMO-CLM) verfeinerten (auf 12 km Gitterdistanz) Reanalysen (ERA-20C ab 1901, NOAA/NCEP 20 CR für den Zeitraum 1851 bis 1900). Diese Referenz erlaubt eine robuste Statistik der Hochwasser-Wetterlagen-Beziehungen und des Verfolgens der Feuchte im atmosphärischen System (Arbeitspaket 1). Regionale und lokale den Niederschlag verstärkende Faktoren (wie Bodenfeuchte-Niederschlagswechselwirkung, frontale/orographische Hebung mit/ohne konvektive Aktivität) werden in Arbeitspaket 2 mit konvektionserlaubenden Simulationen (Gitterdistanzen kleiner als 2 km) mit COSMO-CLM untersucht. In der zweiten Projektphase planen wir zwei Arbeitspakete. Ein Paket wird die klimatologischen Antriebsfaktoren und die multi-skalige Vorhersagbarkeit bearbeiten. In einem weiteren Arbeitspaket wird die Entwicklung von Hochwasserereignissen aus meteorologischer Perspektive bis in das Jahr 2100 betrachtet. Dieses Teilprojekt wird extreme Hochwasserereignisse und deren Eigenschaften den multiskaligen atmosphärischen Prozessen zuordnen und wird außerdem die Zuordnung hydrologischer Prozesse in der Forschergruppe SPATE unterstützen.
In the last decades agricultural policy has gained increasingly in complexity. Nowadays it influences the food and agricultural sector from the global market down to the farm level. Widespread research questions, like the impact of the WTO negotiations on the farm structure, most often require comprehensive modeling frameworks. Thus, different types of models are utilized according to their comparative advantages and combined in a strategically useful way to more accurately represent micro and macro aspects of the food and agricultural sector. Consequently, in recent years we have seen an increase in the development and application of model linkages. Given this background, the overall objective of this subproject is a systematic sensitivity analysis of model linkages that gradually involves more and more characteristics of the linkage and the corresponding transfer of results between models. In addition, the project aims to answer the following specific question: How does structural change at the farm level influence aggregate supply and technical progress? Under which conditions is it possible to derive macro-relationships from micro-relationships? How does the aggregation level influence the model results and how can possible problems be overcome? This procedure is used to quantify the effects and to derive conditions for optimal interaction of the connected models. The analysis is based on the general equilibrium model GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) and the farm group model FARMIS (Farm Modelling Information System) which are employed in conjunction to analyze the effects of WTO negotiations on the farm level.
About 30% of the anthropogenically released CO2 is taken up by the oceans; such uptake causes surface ocean pH to decrease and is commonly referred to as ocean acidification (OA). Foraminifera are one of the most abundant groups of marine calcifiers, estimated to precipitate ca. 50 % of biogenic calcium carbonate in the open oceans. We have compiled the state of the art literature on OA effects on foraminifera, because the majority of OA research on this group was published within the last three years. Disparate responses of this important group of marine calcifiers to OA were reported, highlighting the importance of a process-based understanding of OA effects on foraminifera. We cultured the benthic foraminifer Ammonia sp. under a range of carbonate chemistry manipulation treatments to identify the parameter of the carbonate system causing the observed effects. This parameter identification is the first step towards a process-based understanding. We argue that CO3 is the parameter affecting foraminiferal size-normalized weights (SNWs) and growth rates. Based on the presented data, we can confirm the strong potential of Ammonia sp. foraminiferal SNW as a CO3 proxy.
In the framework of research on impacts of trawling in the western Baltic Sea (DAM pilot mission MGF Baltic Sea), we investigated the population structure of the benthic key species Mya arenaria by measuring shell length to provide the size-frequency distribution in the marine protected area of Oderbank in the Southern Baltic Sea from June 2021. We obtained samples using vanVeen grabs inside the marine protected areas and reference areas nearby.
In the framework of research on impacts of trawling in the western Baltic Sea (DAM pilot mission MGF Baltic Sea), we investigated the population structure of the benthic key species Macoma balthica by measuring shell length to provide the size-frequency distribution in the marine protected area of Oderbank in the Southern Baltic Sea from June 2021. We obtained samples using vanVeen grabs inside the marine protected areas and reference areas nearby.
In the framework of research on impacts of trawling in the western Baltic Sea (DAM pilot mission MGF Baltic Sea), we investigated the population structure of the benthic key species Macoma balthica by measuring shell length to provide the size-frequency distribution in the marine protected area of Rönnebank in the Southern Baltic Sea from June 2023. We obtained samples using vanVeen grabs inside the marine protected areas and reference areas nearby.
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