The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks) are used for retrieving the following geophysical cloud properties from GOME and GOME-2 data: cloud fraction (cloud cover), cloud-top pressure (cloud-top height), and cloud optical thickness (cloud-top albedo). OCRA is an optical sensor cloud detection algorithm that uses the PMD devices on GOME / GOME-2 to deliver cloud fractions for GOME / GOME-2 scenes. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/
The Climatic Areas of Europe (EUCA15000) were delineated in order to stratify the legend of the European Soil Regions Map (EUSR5000). Because soil properties largely depend on climate, relief and geology, soil regions must be defined according to fairly homogenous macro-scale physiogeographic conditions. Because climate (and parent material) is the initial top level stratifier for the soil regions, its delineation is more coarsely defined. The EUCA15000 is mainly based on the Thermal Climate Classification (FAO 2004), which also has been used as a data source for the Global Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ). Currently, the map distinguishes (i) the climate zones from North to South and (ii) the climate types with oceanic to continental influence. All in all, 35 climatic areas are delineated. They differ regarding mean annual temperatures, mean annual precipitation and the length of the growing period.
Elektrische Wärmepumpen sind ein dynamisch wachsendes Segment des Heizungsmarkts. Der Fachbericht dient insbesondere der Plausibilisierung und Weiterentwicklung der Statistik erneuerbarer Energien im Bereich Umweltwärme und oberflächennahe Geothermie in Deutschland. Es werden die Ansätze der Vorgängerstudien für die Themenfelder der thermischen Leistung und damit verknüpften Betriebsstundenäquivalente sowie für die Effizienz der Wärmepumpen diskutiert. Ergänzend werden neue Literaturquellen herangezogen sowie eigene Analysen zur Bewertung und Entwicklung der Datenbasis z.B. zum Einfluss der Witterung auf Wärmebedarf und Effizienz, erstellt. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change | 59/2025.
---- The bulletin collects CLIMAT TEMP reports: FM 75 (CLIMAT TEMP, Report of monthly aerological means from a land station). (Refer to WMO No.306 - Manual on Codes for the definition of WMO international codes) ---- The CULV10 TTAAii Data Designators decode (2) as: T1 (C): Climatic data. T2 (U): Monthly means (upper air). A1A2 (LV): Latvia. (2: Refer to WMO No.386 - Manual on the GTS - Attachment II.5) ---- The bulletin collects reports from stations: Skriveri
---- The bulletin collects TEMP reports: FM 35 (TEMP, Upper-level pressure, temperature, humidity and wind report from a fixed land station). (Refer to WMO No.306 - Manual on Codes for the definition of WMO international codes) ---- The UKLV10 TTAAii Data Designators decode (2) as: T1 (U): Upper air data. T2 (K): Upper level pressure, temperature, humidity and wind (Part B). A1A2 (LV): Latvia. (2: Refer to WMO No.386 - Manual on the GTS - Attachment II.5) ---- The bulletin collects reports from stations: Skriveri ---- WMO No.9 - Volume C1 'Remarks' field: TEMPORARILY SUSPENDED
---- The bulletin collects TEMP reports: FM 35 (TEMP, Upper-level pressure, temperature, humidity and wind report from a fixed land station). (Refer to WMO No.306 - Manual on Codes for the definition of WMO international codes) ---- The USLV10 TTAAii Data Designators decode (2) as: T1 (U): Upper air data. T2 (S): Upper level pressure, temperature, humidity and wind (Part A). A1A2 (LV): Latvia. (2: Refer to WMO No.386 - Manual on the GTS - Attachment II.5) ---- The bulletin collects reports from stations: Skriveri ---- WMO No.9 - Volume C1 'Remarks' field: TEMPORARILY SUSPENDED
---- The bulletin collects TEMP reports: FM 35 (TEMP, Upper-level pressure, temperature, humidity and wind report from a fixed land station). (Refer to WMO No.306 - Manual on Codes for the definition of WMO international codes) ---- The ULLV10 TTAAii Data Designators decode (2) as: T1 (U): Upper air data. T2 (L): Upper level pressure, temperature, humidity and wind (Part C). A1A2 (LV): Latvia. (2: Refer to WMO No.386 - Manual on the GTS - Attachment II.5) ---- The bulletin collects reports from stations: Skriveri ---- WMO No.9 - Volume C1 'Remarks' field: TEMPORARILY SUSPENDED
---- The bulletin collects TEMP reports: FM 35 (TEMP, Upper-level pressure, temperature, humidity and wind report from a fixed land station). (Refer to WMO No.306 - Manual on Codes for the definition of WMO international codes) ---- The UELV10 TTAAii Data Designators decode (2) as: T1 (U): Upper air data. T2 (E): Upper level pressure, temperature, humidity and wind (Part D). A1A2 (LV): Latvia. (2: Refer to WMO No.386 - Manual on the GTS - Attachment II.5) ---- The bulletin collects reports from stations: Skriveri ---- WMO No.9 - Volume C1 'Remarks' field: TEMPORARILY SUSPENDED
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