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Shipborne X-band Radar Observations of Ocean Wind Waves during IO RAS Expeditions with SeaVision

The SeaVision system, developed at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS (IO RAS) in 2020, enables automatic measurements of ocean surface wind waves from standard shipborne X-band navigation radars. The system applies a three-dimensional Fourier transform to sequences of radar backscatter images to retrieve the directional wave spectrum, which represents the full distribution of wave energy over frequencies and directions. From the directional spectrum, significant wave height, peak period, and other integral wave parameters are derived. Extensive validation of the system was performed using Spotter wave buoys and satellite altimetry data. SeaVision was deployed during multiple IO RAS expeditions between 2020 and 2025, covering a wide range of oceanic regions, including the North Atlantic, Tropical Atlantic, Arctic, and Southern Ocean. In total, over 4,000 directional spectra were collected along ship tracks during seven cruises (ASV50, AI57, AI58, AI63, AI65, and AF50), with a total measurement duration exceeding 1,000 hours. These datasets provide high-resolution time series of directional wave spectra and are particularly valuable for numerical model validation, satellite data calibration, and studies of ocean wave climate variability.

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