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Verhalten des Spurengases Ozon in der freien Atmosphaere

Regelmaessige, taegliche Messung des Gesamtozongehaltes der Atmosphaere, Messung des Vertikalprofils des Ozons mittels Ballonsondierungen mit Radiosonden. Erforschung des Verhaltens des atmosphaerischen Ozons und der Zusammenhaenge zwischen atmosphaerischem Ozon und meterologischen Groessen. Untersuchungen zur Frage einer Aenderung der Ozonschicht der freien Atmosphaere durch anthropogene Einfluesse, besonders durch Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe (hierfuer muss die Sondierungsfolge auf 3-2 mal pro Woche erhoeht werden).

Elementverteilung auf Aerosolen

Die bisher durchgefuehrten Messungen der Elementverteilung auf Aerosolen durch Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse sollen nach zwei Seiten hin ausgeweitet werden: Es soll eine Elementanalyse an Kristallisationskernen von Gletschereis durchgefuehrt werden, um Vergleichsdaten fuer fruehere anthropogen unbeeinflusste Verhaeltnisse zu erhalten, zum anderen soll die Anzahl der identifizierbaren Elemente durch Hinzunahme von protoneninduzierter Roentgenfluoreszenz vergroessert werden.

Organische Spurenanalyse von atmosphärischen Markersubstanzen in Eisbohrkernen

Um aktuelle Umwelt- und Klimaveränderungen in einem längeren zeitlichen Kontext bewerten zu können, insbesondere anthropogene und natürliche Einflüsse auf den atmosphärischen Aerosoleintrag in die Atmosphäre zu verstehen, werden Informationen über die Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre in der Vergangenheit benötigt. Eisbohrkerne aus den Polarregionen oder Gletschern sind wertvolle Umwelt- und Klimaarchive, da sie unter anderem das mit dem Schnellfall deponierte Aerosol enthalten. Daher kann die Analyse von partikel-gebundenen Spurenstoffen in Eisbohrkernen stoffliche Informationen über zurückliegende Umwelt- und Klimabedingungen liefern. Bis heute konzentrieren sich diese Bemühungen auf anorganische Substanzen und nur wenige organische Analyten. Ein Großteil der in diesen Bohrkernen enthaltenen Informationen geht dadurch verloren. Dies charakterisiert das Hauptziel des Vorhabens, durch Erarbeitung organischer spurenanalytischer Methoden basierend auf LC-HRMS (Flüssigchromatographie in Kombination mit hochauflösender Massenspektrometrie) eine ausgewählte Palette von Markersubstanzen zu quantifizieren. Zielmoleküle sind insbesondere neue Marker für biogene sekundäre organische Aerosole (biogenic SOA) und Biomasseverbrennungs-Marker. Die Auswahl dieser Verbindungen basiert einerseits auf dem zu erwartenden Informationsgewinn über die Quellen und deren Zusammensetzung (terrestrische Vegetation/Waldbrände), andererseits auf der atmosphärischen Lebensdauer der Marker, da nur langlebige Marker weit entfernt liegende Regionen erreichen können. Zusätzlich zur Analyse dieser Zielanalyten sollen auch ââ‚ Ìnon-target screening-Methoden zum Einsatz kommen. In enger Zusammenarbeit mit einem etablierten Eisbohrkernlabor am PSI in der Schweiz werden die entwickelten Analysetechniken auf einen Eisbohrkern aus dem Belukha-Gletscher im Sibirischen Altai Gebirge angewendet.

Verfahren zur numerischen Modellierung der Atmosphaerenstroemung

Development of techniques related to numerical weather prediction models. The topics examined include: methods of data-assimilation and objective analysis, treatment of 'open' boundary conditions and representation of cloud processes.

METOP GOME-2 - Ozone (O3) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. The operational ozone total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV / VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. The new improved DOAS-style (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) algorithm called GDOAS, was selected as the basis for GDP version 4.0 in the framework of an ESA ITT. GDP 4.x performs a DOAS fit for ozone slant column and effective temperature followed by an iterative AMF / VCD computation using a single wavelength. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

METOP GOME-2 - Cloud Top Pressure (CTP) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks) are used for retrieving the following geophysical cloud properties from GOME and GOME-2 data: cloud fraction (cloud cover), cloud-top pressure (cloud-top height), and cloud optical thickness (cloud-top albedo). OCRA is an optical sensor cloud detection algorithm that uses the PMD devices on GOME / GOME-2 to deliver cloud fractions for GOME / GOME-2 scenes. ROCINN takes the OCRA cloud fraction as input and uses a neural network training scheme to invert GOME / GOME-2 reflectivities in and around the O2-A band. VLIDORT [Spurr (2006)] templates of reflectances based on full polarization scattering of light are used to train the neural network. ROCINN retrieves cloud-top pressure and cloud-top albedo. The cloud-top pressure for GOME scenes is derived from the cloud-top height provided by ROCINN and an appropriate pressure profile. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

METOP GOME-2 - Cloud Fraction (CF) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks) are used for retrieving the following geophysical cloud properties from GOME and GOME-2 data: cloud fraction (cloud cover), cloud-top pressure (cloud-top height), and cloud optical thickness (cloud-top albedo). OCRA is an optical sensor cloud detection algorithm that uses the PMD devices on GOME / GOME-2 to deliver cloud fractions for GOME / GOME-2 scenes. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

METOP GOME-2 - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. The operational SO2 total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV / VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. GDP 4.x performs a DOAS fit for SO2 slant column followed by an AMF / VCD computation using a single wavelength. Corrections are applied to the slant column for equatorial offset, interference of SO2 and SO2 absorption, and SZA dependence. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

METOP GOME-2 - Water Vapour (H2O) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. The operational H2O total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV/VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. The total H2O column is retrieved from GOME solar backscattered measurements in the red wavelength region (614-683.2 nm), using the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

METOP GOME-2 - Formaldehyde (HCHO) - Global

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. The operational HCHO total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV / VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/

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