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In this work we aimed to investigate and quantify the relative importance of dynamic conditions (e.g., stirring in a Concentric Cylinder apparatus) on the crystallization kinetics of basaltic magmas (Stromboli). This was achieved by observing the final textures of the samples, analysing the resulting SEM images, and finally relating the resulting parameters to specific growth and nucleation rates. The dataset is made of: 1) A folder called "SEM Images" with two sub-folders inside, representative of the two experiments carried out, called "CG1" and "CG2.3" 2) An Excel file, consisting in 4 data sheets, where all results of image analysis are included, divided in sections. The sheets are also available in CSV format. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at High Pressure - High Temperature Laboratory (HPHT Lab), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Rome, Italy supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
This work presents a Global dataset for combined mineral major and trace element data for rocks from the lower oceanic crust sampled along mid-ocean ridges worldwide. The dataset compiles mineralogical and geochemical data obtained from samples recovered along mid-ocean ridges characterized by a wide range of spreading rates, from fast-spreading to ultra-slow spreading ridges. It integrates published data from the scientific literature concerning the main mafic minerals of the lower oceanic crust, particularly olivine, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene, together with geological and geographical information related to the analysed samples. For each sample, the dataset includes details such as sampling location, oceanographic cruise, bibliographic reference, geographic coordinates, spreading rate, and sample lithology. The different worksheets contain average major element compositions and, where available, trace element data measured on crystal cores and rims. The dataset includes concentrations of major oxides, petrological parameters such as Fo# and Mg#, as well as trace element and rare earth element concentrations. The dataset was developed as a supporting tool for petrological, geochemical, and geodynamic studies aimed at improving the understanding of magmatic processes and the evolution of the lower oceanic crust along oceanic spreading centres.
The role of elongated pores and crystals of lavas influences their mechanical and physical behaviour, providing a first microstructural clue. In the context of a doctoral project, two samples – a trachyte and a basalt/andesite (s.l.) - representative of Fogo Volcano (S. Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal) were collected as part of an intact rock study. They were microstructurally assessed in the INGV-OV (Naples) using the ZEISS Xradia Versa 410 X-ray computed microtomography to obtain high-resolution 3D images, as well as to perform real-time in-situ mechanical tests (uniaxial – 7 mm diameter cylinders - and Brazilian – 13 mm diameter discs) to assess how elongated pores/crystals control strength. In addition to 3D images of the samples, which allow segmentation of the pore space and crystals, mechanical tests show that trachytes are more competent than vesicular basalts/andesites. Both pores and crystals control the development of the crack pattern.
This dataset contains a high-fidelity three-dimensional (3D) reservoir model developed for numerical simulation using the CMG STARS reservoir simulator. The model is based on the geological framework of the Groß Schönebeck geothermal research platform and discretized into a Cartesian grid, which provides the numerical basis for thermo-hydraulic reservoir simulations. Key physical parameters, including rock petrophysical and fluid properties, have been incorporated into the model based on the interpretation of subsurface data acquired at the Groß Schönebeck site. The dataset comprises simulator input files developed to model a closed-loop geothermal system using the existing wells E GrSk 3/90 and Gt GrSk 4/05. Two completion depths, 3,600 m and 3,800 m measured depth (MD), were evaluated to investigate the performance of a coaxial deep borehole heat exchanger (DBHE) system. The numerical simulations assess the effects of completion depth, circulation flow rate, and injection temperature on the thermal performance of the closed-loop system.
The Jacupiranga carbonatite (Brazil) was investigated to better understand how modal proportions and mineral chemistry control the fO2 recorded by a natural carbonatite rock. Mineral compositions were determined using SEM-EDS, EPMA-WDS and Raman microspectroscopy building upon detailed petrography. Based on magnetite-ilmenite oxythermobarometry, rock-forming temperatures range from 505 to 732 °C, with a wide span of fO2 values (∆FMQ –1.21 to +4.56). In each sample, ilmenite grains and lamellae are distinguishable, with the latter recording higher temperature–fO2 conditions. Consistently, independently determined homogenization temperatures of apatite-hosted fluid inclusions show a similar range between 550 and 685 °C. From the wall-rock contact toward the carbonatite body, samples exhibit a decrease in the modal abundance of olivine, phlogopite, magnetite, ilmenite, and dolomite, alongside an increase in Mg-calcite. Over the same spatial gradient, temperature, fO2, and the magnesioferrite (in magnetite) and geikielite (in ilmenite) components decrease. During the antiskarn reaction, silica and mafic components (Mg, FeT, Al, and Ti) derived from the ultramafic wall-rock were incorporated into olivine, phlogopite, magnetite-ilmenite, and dolomite. Calcite-rich samples, which were less influenced by the wall-rock, preserved ephemeral alkali components of the carbonatite melts within burbankite. Apatite-hosted fluid inclusions represent coeval fluid modified by antiskarn reactions. Adjacent to equilibrium magnetite-ilmenite pairs, olivine and phlogopite exhibit high mg# (93–97 and 88–95, respectively). Despite the broad span of ∆FMQ values recorded by the oxide pairs, we found only a weak positive correlation between the recorded fO2 and mg#. Consequently, we suggest that the high mg# (>88–90) of carbonatitic olivine is primarily controlled by the low (<0.2) 〖K_D〗_(Fe^(2+)-Mg)^(olivine-carbonatite melt) (Fe2+/Mg exchange partition coefficient between olivine and the carbonatite melt) at crustal conditions. The exceptionally high mg# of olivine and phlogopite, compared to the adjacent dunite cumulates (mg# 84–88), combined with their negligible Ni and Cr contents, indicate an in situ antiskarn process. This study demonstrates that carbonatite systems can be characterized by dynamic redox conditions, spanning the range from Fe3O4 ̶ Fe2O3 to Fe2SiO4 ̶ Fe3O4 ̶ SiO2 during their evolution and emplacement.
The role of the physical and microstructural properties of lavas impacts the dynamics of magma ascent and of the volcanic edifice itself. In the context of a doctoral project, ten samples representative of the central volcanoes of S. Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal), priorily collected in available outcrops in the island, were microstructurally assessed for the first time in the INGV-OV (Naples). Imaging was processed by the ZEISS Xradia Versa 410 X-ray computed microtomography. This tool enables accurate and complete textural characterization of rocks by providing 3D images of the samples. Posteriorly, the rocks were analysed with a dedicated image analysis software to resolve the internal microstructure of the samples. determining several key properties (porosity, permeability, fracturation, and crystal content) that are of major relevance for a posterior physical and mechanical assessment. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at magLab, INGV-OV (Naples, Italy) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
This dataset contains a reservoir model developed for high-fidelity numerical simulation using the CMG STARS reservoir simulator. This three-dimensional (3D) subsurface model is based on a geological framework which has been divided into a Cartesian grid. This grid provides the numerical basis for reservoir simulation. Key physical parameters have been incorporated into the model, including rock petrophysical properties, fluid properties and fracture geometries. These parameters have been derived from the interpretation of subsurface data acquired at the Groß Schönebeck geothermal research platform. To improve predictive reliability, the model was calibrated against field-scale hydraulic test data collected between 2011 and 2013. The numerical model is designed to simulate fracture-dominated enhanced geothermal system (EGS) scenarios within the Rotliegend reservoir. Its primary purpose is to evaluate the performance of different well layouts and multi-stage hydraulic fracture designs in terms of reservoir productivity.
This dataset presents a comprehensive geochemical and petrological record for the Hujialin ultramafic body in the Sulu orogenic belt, a major ultrahigh-pressure terrane in eastern China. The data compilation includes mineral proportions (Table S1), whole-rock major and trace element compositions (Table S2), whole-rock Sr–Nd isotopic ratios (Table S3), major and trace element compositions of olivine (Table S4), spinel (Table S5), garnet (Table S6), and clinopyroxene (Table S7), oxygen isotope compositions of whole-rock and mineral separates (Table S8), and modeled melt–cumulate compositions using the MELTS algorithm (Table S9). The dataset integrates newly acquired analyses with previously published data for several garnet-rich clinopyroxenites, allowing a unified comparison across the Hujialin ultramafic suite. This study was supported by funds from National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFF0807300) and the Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of China (JYB2025XDXM911).
This data report presents the in-situ LA-ICP-MS trace element composition of sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite from the Aouli Ag-Pb-Zn-(Cu) vein system in the Upper Moulouya district, Morocco. The dataset contributes to a study focused on characterizing the element concentrations in sulfides and elucidating the ore-forming processes at the Aouli deposit. Located within the Hercynian inlier of the Upper Moulouya, this deposit hosts one of Morocco’s largest argentiferous Pb-Zn ± F ± Ba vein-type deposits. The mineralization occurs within polyphase hydrothermal veins, oriented NE-SW to E-W and WNW-ESE. These veins occur as lodes, ore shoots, or discontinuous vein infill, with their emplacement largely controlled by structural intersections. The deposit hosts a complex mineralogical assemblage, including Ni-Co-Fe arsenides and sulfarsenides, Pb-Zn-Cu sulfides, and Ag-Sb-As sulfosalts occurring in the same vein structures, which are described for the first time. Consequently, the characterization of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and particularly sphalerite will help constrain the ore-forming process and determine the physicochemical conditions (T–fS2) of the mineralizing fluids.
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